infringement of rules 中文意思是什麼
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From 1993 to oct 2001, chinese securities regulatory commission ( csrc ) and the shenzhen exchange board ( szeb ) and shanghai exchange board ( sheb ) had punished 218 cases of infringement of the releasing rules
從1993年起至2001年10月，中國證監會及滬、深交易所共進行了218次對上市公司信息披露違規處罰。 -
When the environment rights and interests are violated and people cannot obtain an effective relied in a legal way, they have to protect their environment rights and interests in the way of private relief. at present, the academic field focuses more on the public relief, rarely paying attention to the private relief to the environment right infringement. therefore, the anther attempts to discuss on the definition, the characteristics, classifications and the applicable conditions of the private relief to the environment right infringement and makes a systematical discussion on how to carry on and unblock its rules and regulations
在環境權益受到侵害又無法通過正當途徑實現有效救濟時，人們不得不尋求私力救濟來維護自己的環境權益。目前學界較多把視角放在環境侵權的公力救濟等救濟方式上，鮮有人關注環境侵權的私力救濟問題。筆者試圖對環境侵權私力救濟的定義、特徵、分類及適用條件、該如何對它進行規制和疏導等做出系統地探討，以期望能夠對普遍存在的環境侵權私力救濟現象給予理論上的解釋和疏導，在維護環境權益的同時，保持法治社會的良好秩序。 -
From a microcosmic view, the article adopts analyzing methods of illustration, induction and comparison. at the same time, it exerts the logic reasoning rules, from small issues to large ones, from phenomena of a problem to its essences, as well as from construction of a specific patent claims to deduction of different systems for defending patent infringement claims. in addition, in consideration of the complexity and diversity of patent infringement defense systems, the article classifies and specifies them from different angles, and at the end of the article, conceives the future legislation pattern of china regarding patent infringement defense
第三章如何構建專利侵權抗辯制度體系著眼于權利要求解析，借鑒外國的先進立法和實務經驗，結合中國實際，將專利侵權抗辯制度系分為合同抗辯、訴訟時效抗辯、證據抗辯、訴訟主體資格抗辯、禁止反悔抗辯、濫用專利權抗辯、不侵權抗辯、不視為侵權抗辯、已有技術抗辯以及專利無效抗辯等十個具體制度，並側重於中國特色和專利特點兩個層面，對它們進行了深入探討和分析。 -
It is worth mentioning that the intellectual property protection scheme of china has been well developed to meet the demand of the potentially largest pharmaceuticals market within a comparatively short period of time. for numerous reasons, primarily difficulties in construing the prevailing rules, companies do have problems, in particular, with patent application, conviction of infringement, the relationship between administrative protection and registration of innovative pharmaceuticals, and adjustment to marketing strategies. the dissertation analyzes the problems and recommends solutions ranging from extension of patent lives through new formulations to competent ip attorneys
然而，由於各種原因，在企業尋求藥品知識產權保護的過程中也存在著一些問題，比如在藥品專利的申請、侵權行為的構成、新藥保護制度與行政保護制度的關系、以及如何根據我國藥品知識產權保護制度的特點制訂營銷策略方面就存在著一些誤區，如認為任何模仿行為都是專利侵權行，或者傾向于以公關手段解決法律問題等，甚至有些企業還認為我國的新藥保護制度違背了中國關于藥品行政保護做出的承諾。 -
Then it asserts that the objective standard of trademark infringement may include : illegal activities, damages and causality between illegal activities and damages, by drawing lessons from international treaties and foreign laws, then basing on the rules of " imminent infringement " of the new trademark law, and combining it with the characteristics of intellectual property rights at the same time. while whether the subjective standard needs fault needs to be contingent upon different forms of trademark infringement
接著通過借鑒國際條約、國外法律，並依據新《商標法》上關于「即發侵權」的規定，同時結合知識產權領域侵權的特點，主張在認定商標侵權行為時，客觀方面需要具備違法行為、損害以及違法行為和損害之間的因果關系三個要件；主觀方面是否需要具備過錯，則需要依不同的商標侵權行為形式而定。 -
The private international law scholars and the legal practitioners utilize a series of laws application rules to solve the legal conflict of the act of infringement containing foreign elements, but the question emerges one after another incessantly in this process 。 because of it ’ s stiff and machinery, the traditional lex locidelictus principle was denounced ; and also because of it ’ s nimble, the modern closest relation principle receives critique
國際私法學者和法律實踐家們運用一系列法律適用規則來解決涉外侵權領域的法律沖突，但在這個過程中問題也是層出不窮。傳統的侵權行為地法原則因其過于僵硬機械而備受詬病，現代的最密切聯系原則由於過于靈活也受到批判。 -
A thorough study on its origin and the developmental conditions is advantageous to explain the establishment significance and the development rules of this legal system ; meanwhile, a thorough analysis of its constituents is advantageous to grasp its essence and finally differentiate it from other joint infringement of rights, which is of great significance to clarifying the misunderstanding of theory and guiding judicial practice
深入研究其起源和發展狀況，有利於揭示該法律制度的創設意義和發展規律；對其構成要件做深入分析，有利於把握其實質，並最終將其與其他侵權行為區分開來，對于澄清理論誤解，引導司法實踐，都具重要意義。 -
Under this background, the study and rules of the indirect infringement of patent become more and more important. it is still a weak in the study about the indirect infringement of patent by the academic circles at present
目前，在理論和立法中，還鮮有對它的研究和規定，並且僅有的研究還產生了較大的爭論，但是這種行為卻在實踐中大量出現。 -
No doubt in the context of actions over the penalties prescribed by this provision in relation to infringements of the rules on competition the court has unlimited jurisdiction which enables it, on the basis of the gravity and duration of the infringement of article 86, to consider in particular whether or not the amount of the fine imposed by the commission is justified
無疑，法院根據競爭規則的相關條款對罰款所做的規定對所說行為具有不受限制的管轄權，使它能夠在考慮違反第86條的嚴重性和持續性的基礎上，決定委員會的罰款是否有正當理由。 -
In the last chapter, some hot issues which is the ongoing rules of china which is insufficient, indefinite or nothing, such as the special protection of well - known trade marks, malicious registration of domain names, prior right and the liability principles of action for infringement of a mark, are probed here. and some ideas and suggestion are put forward to improve the system
文章最後一部分對我國現行法規范不夠完善、或不太明確甚至閥如的熱點問題，諸如馳名商標的特殊保護、域名搶注、在先權以及商標侵權行為的歸責原則等進行了探討，並提出了進一步完善這些制度的設想和見解，
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