institutional focus 中文意思是什麼

institutional focus 解釋
體制中心
  • institutional : adj. 1. 慣例的，規定的，制度上的。2. 公共機構的，社會事業性質的〈尤指慈善事業機構〉。3. 〈美國〉【廣告】主要為建立公司產品聲譽而創招牌的。adv. -ly
  • focus : n （pl focuses foci ）1 【物理學】焦點。2 【物理學】焦距；聚焦，對焦點，配光，對光。3 （活動興趣...
  1. Chapter two " impacts of china ' s accession to wto on retail industry " analyzes : the influence of accession to wto on domestic retail industry ; pressure from international business capital due to its advantages of capital strength, scale and advanced business pattern ; competition pressure from low profit criterion of supermarket business ; pressure from the management advantage of international business groups. chapter three " development strategy for retail industry after china ' s accession to wto " studies the development strategy for china ' s retail industry after accession to wto : formulating relevant laws and policies for foreign capital introduction as soon as possible ( asap ) ; working out plans for establishment of large - scale supermarket network asap ; developing multiple business patterns with mainstay business as the focus ; developing chain store business to bring about scale efficiency ; accelerating of modern enterprise institutional reform ; promoting scientific management level of retail enterprises ; setting up scientific and overall marketing concept, further strengthening sense of market orientation ; attaching greater importance on resources of talented persons and commodities ; making full use of information technologies, implementing e - commerce mode in retail enterprises ; actively exploring northwest china and developing new market

    文章第二章「中國加入wto對零售業的沖擊」從中國零售業對外開放的歷史入手，簡要介紹了中國加入wto對國內零售業的影響，指出加入wto后，中國零售業可能面臨以下幾個方面的沖擊：國際商業資本在資金、規模和業態的先進性上所帶來的壓力；規模擴張壓力，即中國連鎖超市受到了投資規模擴張的資金壓力；超市行業低贏利水準的競爭壓力；國際商業集團在管理上的優勢對中國零售企業的壓力；新的管理理念、服務方式進入所帶來的沖擊；現代商業觀念的引進打破了中國商界固有的思維；國際經濟一體化程度的提高不斷促使中國零售業的絕對利潤和相對利潤下降；我國零售業網點的不足以及布局的不合理；零售業的信息革命所帶來的觀念沖擊。
  2. Small and medium - sized enterprises ( smes ) are important sections in chinese economy system and play a special role that can not be substituted by large - sized corporations. marketing - economy system caused the institutional conflicts. in recent years, solving the sme ’ s finance embarrassment becomes the discussible focus of the government and the financial area

    目前，我國中小企業數量已佔全國注冊企業總數的99 %以上，其工業總產值、銷售收入、實現利稅、出口總額分別佔到全國的60 % 、 57 % 、 40 %和60 % ，提供了約75 %的城鎮就業機會。
  3. Secondly, he put forward the practical criteria of differentiating between correctness and error, the criteria of " three benefits " and differentiating " right " and left in politics. thirdly, he expounded a series of principles and methods about how to bring errors under control and correct errors, such as correcting errors resolutely when one has errors, correcting errors by oneself, being friendly to the people who has errors and helping them to correct errors, no punishing those who have errors and be prudent in punishing those who have errors. finally, he pays much attention to the principles of avoiding errors in ideology and practice ^ specially he focus on the principle of avoiding errors from the aspect of institutional and artificial factors

    他指出了錯誤發生的社會歷史因素、思想認識上的因素、實踐活動中的因素、體制上、制度上的因素；提出了辨別錯誤的實踐標準、 「三個有利於」標準，辨別政治錯誤的「左」和右的標準；闡明了有錯必糾、堅決改正，自己糾錯，不搞運動，重在教育，對待犯錯誤的人要與人為善、分別對待，強調幫助，不強調懲處、處理要謹慎等治錯、糾錯的原則和方法；強調了思想認識上、實踐活動中的防範錯誤的原則以及主要是防大錯、根本是要從制度上、體制上、從人的因素上防錯的原則和方法，並指明改革、發展是解決一切問題的關鍵。
  4. To allow me to focus on political issues and to enhance institutional and operational efficiency, i will authorise the chief secretary for administration and the financial secretary to play the important role in policy co - ordination. they will be tasked to ensure government policies are properly staged, public resources are efficiently used, and duplication, inaction and ineffective action are avoided. our aim is to better deliver on our performance pledges and to raise the communitys trust in the government

    8 .為了配合我對政治領導工作的專注，提高制度運作的效率，我授權政務司司長和財政司司長在政策統籌和協調上擔當重要角色，確保政府各項政策能夠密切配合，公共資源能夠更有效運用，避免政出多門或政策決而不行行而不果，更好地兌現政府服務市民的承諾，和提升市民對政府的信任。
  5. Architectural support services for institutional facilities. we focus on understanding the complete life cycle of building facilities for long term building owners and managers

    為機構設施提供建築支持服務。我們致力於了解長期房屋居住者和管理員的完整生活周期。
  6. Wth standardization as its central thread, fairness and efficiency as the criterion of its value judgment, this dissertation, which falls into 6 chapters apart from an introduction, has its focus concentrated upon institutional construction

    在中國資本市場發展進程中，規范運行已成為矛盾的主要方面，推進中國資本市場的規范化已經成為資本市場管理的中心任務。資本市場一般是為企業、政府與居民的長期投資所做出的制度安排。
  7. In strategy implementation, the thesis proposes the practical function strategysuggestions to support the focus strategy, for instance : combine group institutional framework and cultivate the corporate culture of guangmang, strengthen cooperation with rival, promote the vertical and integrated strategic alliance, implement value chain control cost and seek the important market

    在戰略實施方面，論文提出了具有可操作性的職能戰略建議，如：整合集團組織結構，培育光芒企業文化；加強與競爭對手的合作；促進縱向一體化的戰略聯盟；實施價值鏈控製成本，尋求重點市場突破來支持基於低成本的聚焦戰略實施。
  8. In democratic and institutional countries in modern world, judicature enjoys independence under media supervision, yet the balance of the independence and supervision has often been the focus of public attention

    在這兩個基本要素中，司法獨立與媒體監督間的關系如何，成為人們議論的中心和注目的焦點。
  9. Corporation laws therefore should establish a system to deal with those substantial or procedural flaws inherent with the defective incorporation and the system should focus on safety and efficiency of transactions. the two major law systems have accomplished theories and institutional arrangements in this regard. the civil law in principle denies the legal personality of defective incorporation, while traditionally the common law granted the legal personality to these corporations either basically or conditionally but now it is inclined to basic acknowledgement

    本文試圖運用比較法學等研究方法，對公司瑕疵設立制度進行系統地研究，分析公司瑕疵設立制度的基本理論、比較兩大法系對公司瑕疵設立的態度及具體的制度安排，並評述我國公司瑕疵設立制度的不足，提出完善我國公司瑕疵設立制度的建議，從而更好地維護公司、股東和債權人的利益，保障交易安全和增進交易效率。
  10. Part one analyses the market structure of china ' s newspaper industry through the angles of market concentration, scale economy and scope economy, and barriers of access and exit. part two discusses the institutional innovation and the workable competition of china ' s newspaper industry on the basis of the analysis of the relationship of its economic features and politic features. part three expounds the overall cost leadership strategy, the differentiation strategy, the focus strategy, and the innovation strategy of china ' s newspaper industry

    第一部分主要從市場集中、進入與退出障礙、規模經濟和范圍經濟等角度，分析中國報業的市場結構；第二部分從論述報業的經濟屬性和政治屬性的關系出發，討論報業的制度創新和有效競爭；第三部分主要從成本領先戰略、差異化戰略、集中戰略、創新戰略等方面闡述中國報業的競爭戰略。
  11. The relevant research materials mainly focus on evolutions of mncs ' overseas r & d institutional types, their interactions with local research institutes, and effects of their r & d investment on developing host countries ' innovation capabilities

    已有文獻主要從跨國公司海外研發機構的類型演變、與地方研發機構的相互作用、跨國公司海外研發對發展中東道國創新能力的影響效應以及實證分析等角度展開。
  12. Firstly, according to the feature of the banks that involve in the internationalization, we focus on the utility of country and build a synthetic analysis framework by usage of new institutional economics and cost - benefit approach

    本文首先從銀行業國際化主體的特徵出發，通過借鑒新制度經濟學、成本收益分析方法，以國家效用函數為核心，構建了一個進行銀行業國際化研究的綜合分析框架。
  13. The focus of our rehabilitation programme is also shifting from an institutional approach to community - based approach

    我們亦正把康復計劃的重點，由院舍為本改為社區為本。
  14. The methodologies that will be applied in this claim include : game theory, western labor economics, labor law theory, economics of property right and institutional economics. the important experiences achieved by the western market economies with regard to collective bargaining and collective agreement mechanism will be used as a reference point, all the while maintaining a focus on the changes taking place in the field of labor relations during the transitional period in china. finally, several important problems involving progression to a proper operation of the collective bargaining and collective agreement mechanism will be fully addressed, with the intent of advancing this mechanism forward to a new stage, and thereby realizing a more harmonious, stable labor relationship in china

    本文將在分析市場經濟條件下集體談判和集體合同制度一般規律的基礎上，充分運用博弈經濟學、西方勞動經濟學等學科的研究成果，借鑒西方發達市場經濟國家處理勞資沖突的重要經驗，結合我國向市場經濟過渡過程中勞動關系發生的新變化，分別從勞動法學、產權經濟學和制度經濟學的多重角度論證在我國現實條件下加快推行集體談判和集體合同制度的特殊必要性，並針對當前實踐過程當中所存在的若干主要問題進行較為深入的分析，以期推動集體談判和集體合同制度在我國的順利實施和運行，促進利益協調性勞動關系在我國的實現。
  15. Today, venture capital investing represents a significant focus of most institutional or corporate investment portfolios, and many of the largest venture funds are operated by major financial institutions, or by subsidiaries specifically designed for private equity investment

    今天，風險資本則成為絕大多數機構投資證券組合和公司投資證券組合的投資焦點，很多最大的風險資金由金融機構或為私有證券投資的子公司來管理運作。
  16. Chinese scholars pay much attention in internal control system while they are studying the corporate governance mechanism. furthermore, they focus much on the corporate market of control while they studied the external control system. the specific and systematic study of institutional shareholder activism is comparably lack

    但目前，國內對公司治理的研究目前主要集中於公司內部治理機制，對公司外部治理機制的研究大部分集中在公司控制權市場，還比較缺乏對機構投資者積極行動這一外部治理機制的專門研究。
  17. The analyst s supervisor wrote in 1999 that the analyst s focus was primarily on banking and that, notwithstanding the growing demand for the analyst s time on investment banking matters, the analyst needed to devote more attention to institutional investors and the firm s institutional sales force. 36

    1994年12月8日，美國國會根據其國內「快車道」立法程序，通過烏拉圭回合一攬子協議之後，有些國會議員顧及新的wto爭端解決機制的準司法性質，擔心美國主權會受到制約。
  18. In order to picture the tourist routes, the third part of the dissertation finds out three threads at three different spheres - - the educational system, the educational practice and the educational ideas. they are as follows : from institutional schooling to life - long learning in the constructing of educational system, from teaching - centered to learning - centered in transferring of the focus of educational practice, from learning to be to learning to live together in the deepening of educational ideas. these three scenes and three routes compose of a relatively complete tourist picture

    為了標出遊覽路線，論文第三部分沿著從外到內的思路分別理清教育制度、教育實踐和教育觀念三個層面的發展脈絡：在教育制度層面上，戰后國際教育思潮經歷了教育體系的不斷建構的過程，從制度化學校教育到終身教育再到終身學習：在教育實踐層面上，戰后國際教育思潮經歷了教育實踐重心的轉移過程，從以教為核心到以學為核心；在教育觀念層面，戰后國際教育思潮經歷了教育觀念的逐步深化過程，從學會生存到學會共存。
  19. Paper is divided into first, second and third parts : the first articles are historical research, focusing on the analysis of old industrial bases in northeast china from the formation, development of the process stalled since the founding of the prc government agencies and the creation, institutional reform and positioning functions, the focus of analysis of environmental management problems ; the second articles are his autobiographical short comparative study on the analysis of some western governments and the transformation of old industrial bases in the new government management experience, as well as parts of the country to explore new management structure ; the third articles are to study countermeasures proposed northeast governance innovative ideas and approaches

    東北老工業基地政府管理環境研究，主要是探討在振興東北老工業基地的過程中，政府如何在管理體制、組織結構、機構設置、職能配置等方面實現創新，為東北區域振興提供良好的政府環境問題。全文共分上、中、下三篇，上篇為「歷史研究」 ，中篇為「比較研究」 ，下篇為「對策研究」 。上篇，從歷史的角度，分析東北老工業基地從形成、發展到陷入困境的過程和建國以來政府機構設置、政府體制改革情況，以及振興戰略提出后東北地區政府管理情況，著重研究了東北老工業基地政府管理上存在主要問題，提出這些問題是困擾東北經濟發展的突出癥結。
  20. Chinese government should perform the function of the political organization, and focus on facilitating the institutional arrangement, establishing a fair market order, breaking monopoly and protecting national economic security

    中國政府將履行政治性組織職能，著力于制度安排，建立公平的市場秩序，反對壟斷，維護國家經濟安全。
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