internalization of externalities 中文意思是什麼

internalization of externalities 解釋
外部性內部化
  1. Internalization may also come about spontaneously by the merger of two units inflicting large externalities upon one another.

    當兩個有著巨大的相互沖突的外差因素的單位合併時，內部化也可能自發地產生。
  2. On ways and effects of internalization of positive externalities - a comparison between pigou ' s and coase ' s internalization theory of positive externalities

    庇古和科斯的正外部性內在化理論比較
  3. The level of a subsidy can be obtained from three layers : the narrow level being financial budget, the broad level being non - internalization of externalities, and the integrated layer being the difference between private cost or price and market cost or price. several models and indicators of government assistance for agriculture have been developed, such as nrp, nra, erp, era, pse and ams

    農業補貼的測度，可從狹義（財政預算） 、廣義（外部性）和綜合層次（衡量農業資源的轉入與轉出凈額）上進行；在現有各種測度農業補貼水平的方法中， pse模型能更好地反映補貼的內涵。
  4. The paper points out explicitly that the " hard core " of property systems is the owner ship systems and the first prerequisite of distinct property systems is clear ownership systems ; the second, internalization of externalities. only with the two perquisites together can distinct property systems be established

    本文明確指出，產權制度的「硬核」是所有權制度，所有權制度的明確是產權制度清晰的必要條件之一，外部性內在化是產權制度清晰的必要條件之二，只有這兩個條件同時具備，才可能有清晰的產權制度。
  5. The second is that monopoly produces some positive effects : as static efficiency to say, there are four mechanisms, namely economies of scale, economies of scope, internalization of externalities and learning effect, which optimize the allocation of resources. monopoly advantages decrease of transaction cost. some extent monopoly has benefits to technology innovation and human capital accumulation

    其次，壟斷具有正的效應：從靜態效率來看，壟斷存在四種優化資源配置的機制（規模經濟機制、范圍經濟機制、外部性內化機制和學習效應機制） ；壟斷有利於機會成本的降低，從而可以提高社會經濟活動的效率；從動態效率來看，一定程度的壟斷有利於技術進步和人力資本的積累，因而是動態有效的。
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