loadings 中文意思是什麼

It showed no signs of exudation or other failure to contain liquid loadings.

未出現滲液或其它的不能保持住液體的跡象。

Eyelets on apparatuses for mounting ; dimensions and maximum loadings

安裝用設備上的吊環.尺寸和最大載荷

Accepted design loadings in the united states vary with the latitude.

在美國被採用的設計負荷隨著緯度而變化。

This is especially true where the effluent is being discharged to a municipal sewer to avoid shock loadings to the treatment plant.

特別重要的是，在廢水排入城市污水管道時不要對城市污水處理廠造成沖擊負荷。

Based on extensive investigation of construction technique history of chinese ancient buildings, the structure method, structure developing history and seismic behavior of chinese ancient timber structure buildings are analyzed in several respects of the structural system and form. through a series of experiments on constituent parts of chinese ancient timber building structure, including the tests on the corbels and brackets called dougong subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on the wooden frame using the tenon - mortise joints as connections of column and beam subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on vibration isolation effect of friction and slippage between column footing and their socle base, and a series of shaking table tests on a chinese ancient timber structure palace building mode under artificial earthquake at serving conditions, destroyed conditions and reinforced conditions, many valuable results of structures such as moment - curvature hysteretic loops of dougong structure and tenon - mortise joints under low cyckc reversed loadings, the static function, the seismic performance, energy dissipation, vibration reduction, energy - loss mechanism, nechanicalmode and failure mode were studied. aplenty of valuable parameters of the structure system were obtained, such as the natural period of structure, vibration modes, damping ratio, factor of vibration isolation, oscillate amplitude of ineitial accebration, velocity and displacement, magnitude of slippage, and the mechanism of structure failure and collapse etc. based on these research, the complete analysis of ancient timber structure under earthquake were carried out in which including mechanism analysis method, calculating mode, strength analysis of members and joints, strengthening methods for serving damaged ancient timber structure buildings were also taken into account

依照宋代《營造法式》建造了抬梁式殿堂木結構構件及結構模型，對中國古代木結構中的典型構造如：柱腳在礎石頂面平擱簡支、柱架榫卯連接、柱高不越間之廣、側腳、生起、斗拱等的構造機理及結構功能進行了量化分析和實驗研究： （一）通過木柱石礎靜摩擦試驗，測定了柱腳與石礎古鏡面間的摩擦系數及摩擦力隨上部結構荷載變化的規律； （二）通過單柱承載力試驗，測定了古建築中木柱的受力變形特徵、破壞模式、及模型材料的變形模量、極限承載力、極限變形等參量； （三）通過柱架低周反復荷載試驗，測定了柱架的抗側移剛度、柱架恢復力特性及滯回曲線、榫卯張角剛度及其變化規律、柱架及榫卯的極限承載力和極限變形、及榫卯減振參數； （四）通過斗?低周反復荷載試驗和受壓試驗，測定了古建築木構件與木構件間摩擦系數，斗?抗側移剛度，斗?恢復力特性及滯回曲線，斗?抗壓極限承載力及受力變形規律； （五）通過抬梁式殿堂間架模型振動臺試驗，測定了殿堂木構架結構自振周期，地震反應振形、阻尼特性及阻尼比；按結構分層特點對柱腳、柱頭和斗?層上的屋蓋的地震反應採用多點同步測量，對柱根滑移、榫卯變形、斗?的變形、復位、耗能減振參數等進行了定量分析。

Consequently, on the basis of non - winkler foundation model, a finite - element method that utilizes foundation flexibility matrix into iterative calculation is proposed in this paper originated from the item " the optimal design theory and research of pile capping beam " sponsored by natural science fund of hunan province, which the continuity of soil mass can be accounted for under various boundary conditions, different loadings and irregular beam characters

本文結合湖南省自然科學基金項目「樁基承臺梁優化設計理論與方法研究」 ，針對非文克爾地基（半空間、線性變形層或單向壓縮層地基模型等）上的樁基承臺梁，提出一種利用地基柔度矩陣來進行迭代的有限單元法，可充分考慮梁下土體的連續性，並對基礎與土體脫開、承臺梁截面變化、梁體邊界條件復雜、上部荷載類型變化以及梁下基樁承載力差異等情況進行分析計算。

This paper is focused on a series of experiments including two kinds of large - scale composite walls with different joint fashion under low cyclic loadings. the experiments are carried out in order to know the seismic of composite walls out - of - plane and research the impact of deformation out - of - plane on carrying ability in - plane, experimental design reference is expected to achieve and tech support provide

為了彌補這方面的研究不足，本文對兩種連接方式足尺復合墻片進行了低周反復荷載作用下的恢復力試驗，以了解配筋砌塊復合墻的平面外抗震性能，同時研究平面外變形對墻體平面內抗震性能的影響，為配筋砌塊復合墻的設計提供依據。

Under the complex loadings, the surface flaws of large complex structures and the original defects of materials would initiate the propagation of micro three - dimensional ( 3d ) cracks, and result in catastrophic accidents. for the limitations of the traditional theories of two - dimensional cracks, the safety of actual structures containing 3d cracks cannot be guaranteed completely without the out - of - plane stress constraint

復雜應力作用下，宏觀復雜結構表面加工質量和材料本身固有缺陷以及外來損傷等會引起三維裂紋的萌生、擴展，最終導致災難性的破壞，而傳統二維裂紋理論在解決實際三維裂紋問題時出現不足，無法完全保障結構安全。

On the basis, the effect of different factors such as the sloping angle of arch ribs, the stiffness of bridge deck system, the effect of non - orientedly conservative loadings of the hanger and tie bar etc is discussed

此外，採用線彈性方法，就拱的吊桿的非保向力效應、橋面系的剛度、橫撐布置形式、拱肋側傾角等因素對該橋整體穩定性的影響展開探討與研究。

The software ansys6. 0 is used to analysis the stability of the state after construction of tongwamen bridge, linear method is used in analyzing the finite element model of the bridge, the coeffient of stability of different state after construction is given. on the basis, the effect of different factors such as the arrangement of lateral brace, the sloping angle of arch ribs, the stiffness of bridge deck system, the effect of non - orientedly conservative loadings of the hanger and tie bar etc is discussed. the different coefficients of stability of changing these factors are given, so the factors that are vital to the lateral stability of x - type arches are found, and the rationality of the methods taken to enhance the lateral stability of tongwamen bridge is evaluated

本文應用有限元分析商業軟體ansys6 . 0 ，採用線彈性方法，通過對該橋的空間有限元模型進行穩定性分析，得出其成橋運營階段各種工況下的穩定安全系數。在此基礎上，本文還通過有限元模型分析，就拱的矢跨比、吊桿（立柱）的非保向力效應、橋面系的剛度、橫撐布置形式、拱肋側傾角等因素對該橋整體穩定性的影響展開探討與研究。文中給出了各因素變化情況下的穩定安全系數，指出了對鋼管混凝土提籃拱橫向穩定性有顯著影響的因素及其合理變化范圍，並對銅瓦門大橋提高橫向穩定性的措施的經濟合理性進行了分析。

The polymer - geogrid reinforced earth seismic characteristic from the analyse of the fea and the model experiment is a good base of deeply researching polymer - geogrid reinforced earth walls under earthquake and is referable to the preparation for design specification of geogrid reinforced earth walls subjected to seismic loadings

本文通過有限元方法和模型試驗分析得出的土工格柵加筋土動力行為特性，為將來進一步研究塑料土工格柵加筋土擋墻的動力行為特性打下基礎，並將對制定土工格柵加筋土擋墻結構設計規范地震荷載部分有一定的參考價值。

By means of the calculation results of interlaminar stress distributions, the influence of delamination growth on the resultant fatigue lives is qualitatively discussed, realizing that a more comprehensive analytical model is essential to include the effect of stacking sequence and the arosing interlamina stresses on fatigue behaviors of laminates. the recommended scheme was also used to calculate the fatigue lives of specimens with central holes subjected tensile - compressive cyclic loadings and has got comparable estimations with experimental results

發現和修正了有關文獻中的一些錯誤，重新建立了斷裂筋條彎曲修正的公式和位移協調方程，編制了相應的計算程序，根據計算結果探討了斷裂筋條和筋條彎曲對蒙皮裂紋的影響，指出了有的文獻上給出的計算曲線存在的謬誤。

Sm scales the nonlinear variation of tangential modulus during monotonic loadings into a piecewise linear distribution, which can easily be modified to simulate specific characteristics of soil material behavior during cyclic loadings. sm can simulate dynamic stress - strain response of arbitrary cyclic loadings

該模型將單調加載情況下呈非線性變化的切線模量量化成一種呈分段線性分佈的幾何結構，並通過對這種結構加以變換，來描述循環加載情況下材料的特性。

Standard for loadings of municipal bridge design

城市橋梁設計荷載標準

Contents of cd, pb, cu and zn in duckweed and alternanthera philoxeroides there were determined. as a result, high loadings of zn and cu in both plants were found ; in the duckweed, high content of pb was also observed

對香花橋中小河流中生長的水葫蘆和水花生cd 、 pb 、 cu 、 zn的含量進行測定，結果表明這兩種水生植物zn和cu的累積量均很高；而浮萍對pb也有明顯富集。

The situation in aviation is as worse than the travel agents and hotel industry. passenger loadings have dropped dramatically and flight cancellations numerous. last month, the airport authority announced a series of relief measures including cutting rental fee for three months and deferring 50 percent airport charges for three months, however, the hk 300 million measures cannot really help this badly hit industry survive the current crisis

在非典型肺炎的肆虐下，香港的航空業亦受到嚴重的沖激，乘客量大幅下降，航班不斷削減，雖然機管局上月宣布多項紓困措施，包括減商戶的租金三個月延遲收取一半機場費用為期十個月，涉及金額三億元，但對現時經營困難的航空業沒有多大幫助。

The situation in aviation is as worse than the travel agents and hotel industry. passenger loadings have dropped dramatically and flight cancellations numerous. last month, the airport authority announced a series of relief measures including cutting rental fee for three months and deferring 50 percent airport charges for three months, however, the hk $ 300 million measures cannot really help this badly hit industry survive the current crisis

在非典型肺炎的肆虐下，香港的航空業亦受到嚴重的沖激，乘客量大幅下降，航班不斷削減，雖然機管局上月宣布多項紓困措施，包括減商戶的租金三個月、延遲收取一半機場費用為期十個月，涉及金額三億元，但對現時經營困難的航空業沒有多大幫助。

The large concrete structures, such as bridges, safety hull of nuclear power plants, sea oil plateforms et al. are subjected to not only static loads, but also dynamic loadings such as vehicles, nuclear power, wind, wave, water flow and violence earthquake

許多大型的混凝土結構工程，如橋梁、核電站安全殼、壓力殼、海上採油下臺等，不僅受到靜載荷的作用，還要受到諸如車輛、核動力、風、浪、水流和強烈地震等動荷載的作用。

It is therefore necessary to investigate the fatigue resistance of the materials to the shear fatigue loadings

探討了含裂紋型材筋條的應力強度因子計算。

Water quality of the middle and small creeks in xianghuaqiao town, suburban shanghai has been monitored for more than one year. it indicates that : ( 1 ) the creeks are under heavy eutropic condition, with high loadings of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants

結果表明： （ 1 ）上海郊區中小河流氮磷和有機污染十分突出，河流表層水凱氏氮、總磷和cod _ （ cr ）指標均數倍于類水的最大允許值。