long-run cost 中文意思是什麼
long-run cost
解釋
長期成本-
It takes agency theory as its premise, human resource property right as its core, and modern distribution theory and risk theory as its foundation. its basic idea is to give high - level managers headed by chief executive officer the right to purchase common stocks of the company at a certain price and time in the future. through this equity system, it ' s expected to inspirit organizations " management in the long run, avoid operators " short - term behavior, and thus reduce agency cost, improve organizations " management structure, and promote the stability of management, so that both constituents ( stake holders ) and vicegerents " ( operators ) targets of gaining profit will be realized finally
其本質是對經營者的一種薪酬安排；它以代理理論為前提，以人力資本產權理論為核心，以現代分配理論和風險理論為基礎；其基本內容是給予公司內以首席執行官為首的高級管理人員在未來某特定的時間按某一固定價格購買本公司普通股的權力；通過這種機制希望對公司管理層起到長期激勵的作用，避免經營者的短期行為，從而減少代理成本，改善企業的治理結構，促進穩健經營，最終實現委託者（股東）和受託者（經營者）雙贏的目的；它是把期權理論應用於現代激勵機制的一種制度創新，比較符合市場經濟條件下企業經營者的價值取向和企業發展的戰略要求。 -
However, in the long run, the government ’ s activity does not calculate the economy account but politics account. as a result of the communality of government cost and non - exclusiveness of government product, the people neglect to control the operation cost of the government in great degree
本文以政府能力為視角，從政府機構能力與外部效能兩方面入手分析影響政府成本的主要因素，並探討如何通過提升政府機構能力和外部效能來解決政府成本控制問題。 -
The entomophthoralean fungus, pandora delphacis ( hori ) humber, ( zygomycotina : entomophthorales ) is an insect pathogen specific to homopteran insects such as planthoppers, leafhoppers, and aphids and frequently cause epizootics in insect populations. problems with propagation of inocula at a low cost, but high efficiency, have been a technical obstacle to progress for entomophthoralean study and utilization for a long run
飛虱蟲癘霉（ pandoradelphacis （ hori ） humber ）是同翅目昆蟲的專性昆蟲病原真菌，分類上屬于接合菌亞門（ zygomycotina ）的蟲霉目（ entomophthorales ） ，常引發飛虱、葉蟬的流行病，也侵染蚜蟲、沫蟬等寄主。 -
Buy more units when market prices go down and buy fewer units when market prices are high. in the long run, you may benefit from a lower average cost for the same number of units
當基金價格下跌，你可買入更多單位；相反，當基金價格高企時則買入較少單位。長遠而言，每個基金單位可享較低的平均成本價，從而減少短期市場波動所帶來的風險。 -
In this paper, we give the dual relationship of short - run cost function and short - run production function, and long - run cost function and long - run production function, we point out the two important features of cost function and production function with dual relationship
本文給出短期生產函數與短期成本函數、長期生產函數與長期成本函數的對偶關系，並指明具有對偶關系的生產函數與成本函數的兩個重要特徵。 -
Long run marginal cost
長期邊際成本 -
First, this paper introduces the fundamental theory of power market, presents the component part and rules of power market, gives the basic methods of price calculation, including the embedded cost method, long run marginal cost method and spot price
本文首先全面介紹了電力市場的基本情況，給出了電力市場中各組成部分和市場中的一些基本原則，給出基礎電價計算的一般方法：綜合成本法、長期邊際成本法和實時電價法。 -
Verage cost curve long run lrac
長期平均成本曲線 -
Long run average cost
長期平均成本 -
Long run total cost
長期總成本 -
With this policy the long - run average cost rate of system is minimized
運用該演算法，求得了使系統長期運行平均費用率最低的預防性維修閾值與檢測間隔分佈。 -
Realize long - range way that control we adopt at present management convenient, run cost low carrying on long - range to control through public telephone network relatively, already original each led display screen 3 parts of system on the spot ( display screen, controller, computer ) change into whole system adopt two computer can control and show display screens and controllers of place all, join through public telephone network controller realize go on and control and realize and show to led display screen content upgrade, realize computer to each display screen long - range to control and upgrade content transmit, increase modem and one design with special - purpose on the modem and led interface board of display screen of joining fully and newly at hardware of system, this is to make up into a special - purpose long - range controller the controller in the modem and original system
實現遠程控制的方式我們採用目前管理方便，運行成本較低的通過公共電話網路進行遠程控制，既將原來的每個led顯示屏系統的3個部分（顯示屏、控制器、計算機）改為整個系統中採用兩臺計算機就可以控制全部顯示地點的顯示屏和控制器。通過公用電話網連接控制器實現對led顯示屏進行遠程控制和顯示內容的更新，從而實現計算機對每個顯示屏進行遠程控制並對顯示內容進行更新。在系統的硬體上增加了數據機和一塊全新設計專用於連接數據機和led顯示屏的介面板。 -
In the thesis, first, with the view to new institutional economics, the author researched the asset appraisal standards and deeply analyzed its character, function, making and etc. second, the author made a theory model of demand - supply, and then analyzed the affect factors on the demand and supply of assets appraisal standards so to find the reason of its imbalance. after that, the author studied the cost and profit of the making of assets appraisal standards as well as many affect factors, so that the profit will be the most on the conditions of fixing cost. at last, on the basis of theoretical analysis, the author brought forward some suggestive conclusion such as : reasonable location of standards making ; the process of making should be full played ; choose the china appraisal society as the organization of making the assets appraisal standards through the comparing of many institution of standards making ; consult to the foreign assets appraisal standards so as to lower the cost of standards making ; streng then the theoretical preparation of assets appraisal ; standards making should be in a long run ; making standards as early as ; strengthen teaching on standards ; attach importance to macro - environment analyzing
本文從新制度經濟學角度研究資產評估準則，對資產評估準則的性質、功能及制定等進行了深入分析；通過構建供需分析理論模型，對影響資產評估準則的需求和供給的因素進行系統分析，剖析資產評估準則供需不平衡的成因；對資產評估準則制定的成本收益進行研究，全面分析影響成本和收益的諸多要素，達到成本一定的情況下，收益相對最大；在理論分析的基礎上結合中國資產評估的宏觀環境，分析了我國宏觀環境對準則制定的影響；提出了我國資產評估準則制定的對策定位：準則制定要合理定位；制定過程要充分博弈；對準則制定機構的選擇；借鑒國外資產評估準則；加大資產評估理論準備；準則制定要有前瞻性；準則制定應有緊迫性；強化準則培訓力度；準則需明確宏觀環境分析。 -
In the long run, the price of any given commodity should revert to the cost of producing an incremental unit of supply
最後，任何給定農產品和礦產品的價格都應該回歸到供給增加任何一單位生產的成本。 -
The new method of tariff setting - long - run marginal cost tariff 4
農村電價定價的新方法? ?遠期邊際成本定價法4 -
In this thesis, a detailed analysis is given to the rural tariff setting, in which flaws and weakness are also pointed out. with reference to advanced experience in management and enterprise abroad, i put up the new methods of rural tariff setting - long - run marginal cost tariff
本文就農村電價的定價機製作以詳細分析，找出其存在的缺陷和弊端，並參照國外農電管理和經營的先進經驗，探討了農村電價定價的新方法? ?遠期邊際成本法。 -
Some views consider that mandatory building inspection will eventually generate property owner s awareness of the need for good building management, thus leading to proper building management and maintenance in the long run. views are, however, divided on whether individual owners ( on grounds of the user - pay principle ) or the government ( on grounds of public safety ) should bear all or part of the financial cost of building inspections. there are also different suggestions on the types of government assistance, e. g
另有一些意見認為，強制驗樓會使業主意識到樓宇需要良好的管理，長遠來說更可達致妥善的樓宇管理和維修。不過，對于應由個別業主（基於用者自付原則）或政府（基於公眾安全考慮）負擔全部或部分驗樓費用，則各方意見不一。此外，就政府應提供的協助形式（例如是否由政府安排及資助初次的檢驗或擬備檢驗項目清單以供業主跟進）也有不同的建議。 -
On the basis of analyzing the result of the test, we have improved the structure of the damper and revised the systematic model. we have experiments on the damper to test its damping performance. comparing with the simulation force - displacement curves, we gave an explanation of why the factual force - displacement have aberrances, which gave warrants to the parameter design and structure ' s improvement. we found the state equation of the semi - active suspension on the semi - active adaptive control strategy and use computer simulations to compare the passive suspension structure and er semi - active suspension. computer simulations indicate that er semi - active suspension have greatly improved driving smoothing and control stability. at the same time semi - active suspension is of simple structure and low cost. so in the long run, the semi - active suspensions may have wider application
在對試驗結構進行分析的基礎上，改進了減振器的結構，修正了系統的模型；對自適應減振器性能進行了大量的測試，通過與模擬結果比較，分析了造成示功曲線局部畸變的原因，為機構及其參數設計以及改進提供了依據；基於振動半主動自適應控制策略，建立了半主動懸架系統的狀態方程，並且進行了模擬，從而得出與被動懸架結構相比，採用電流變流體減振器的半主動懸架在汽車行駛平順性和操縱穩定性上均有較大的改善，性能大為提高。 -
In a long run, firm capabilities, transaction cost, enterprise boundaries form a co - evolution mechanism of interactive circulating, realizing natural selection during the process of competition, arousing the evolution of industrial organization
長期中，企業能力、交易成本、企業邊界形成互動循環的演化機制，並且在競爭過程中實現自然選擇，引起產業組織演化。 -
Author believe that industrial clusters can strengthen industrially competitive power of a region and promote long - run growth of the regional economy for it can gain the advantage of economics of scale and scope economy, lower transaction cost of enterprises, possess learning effect and polarization effect, benefit innovation, adapt to the variation of market demand, favour to construct regional brand and implement region marketing
本文認為，由於產業集群能獲得規模經濟和范圍經濟的好處、降低企業的交易費用、具有學習效應和極化效應、有利於創新、能夠適應市場需求的變化、有利於創立區域品牌和實施區域營銷，因而能有效促進區域產業競爭力的提高和區域經濟的長期增長。
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