macro-cost 中文意思是什麼
macro-cost
解釋
宏觀成本-
The essay discusses the existence of mobilizable resources and the means of managing them through analyses of the work systems of civilian economic resources, macro management and, micro cost - effectiveness. the essay also demonstrates the feasibility of employing input - output analysis / models and state transition models in the management of mobilizable resources
通過對社會經濟系統資源運作、宏觀管理與微觀投入產出分析，論述了可動員資源存在的客觀性及可調節性，並探討了投入產出分析與模型及狀態轉移模型用於可動員資源管理的可行性。 -
This paper used in system economics, political economics, western economic theories from different perspective : from the macro to explore inspection and quarantine system generation, the role of mechanisms, reform basis ; at the micro - from the cost, quantity effects of starting to explore the system of
本文採用制度經濟學、政治經濟學、西方經濟學等幾種經濟理論從不同角度分析:從宏觀上探討檢驗檢疫制度的產生、作用機制、改革依據;在微觀上從成本、數量效應方面出發，探討檢驗檢疫制度之中的壁壘問題對我國出口企業造成的不良影響。 -
Study these problems from production function and cost function of each firm, find out the frame of aggregate supply and production function, and prove that aggregate supply of products and aggregate demand of factors are the ones which realize the social profit maximization, so as to found the micro - foundation of aggregate supply and production function for the macro - economics
本文從各個企業的生產函數和成本函數出發研究這些問題，找到了社會總生產函數和社會總成本函數的構成形式，並證明了社會的產品總供給和要素總需求正好是在社會總生產函數下，實現社會利潤最大化的產品供給與要素需求，從而為宏觀經濟學中的總供給和總生產函數建立了微觀基礎。 -
The efficiency of institutional change lies on the coupling extent of market mechanism and macro - policy, therefore how to reduce the cost of institutional change, how to shorten the duration of institutional innovation, and how to bui ld the effective pattern of the grain market - oriented reform, and so forth, these issues " essential rests with whether the economic main body have impetus to stand by the institutional arrangement according to government thought at the given seedtime
糧食制度變遷的效率取決於市場運行機制與宏觀政策的耦合程度，因此，如何減少糧食制度變遷的成本、如何縮短糧食制度創新的時間、如何建立有效率的糧食市場化模式等一系列問題的實質在於：在特定的糧食發展階段上，經濟主體是否有動力按照政府的思路去遵守糧食制度安排。 -
It project management contains nine fields of knowledge : the management of project scale, the management of item, the management of cost, the management of quality, the management of risk, the management of stuff, the management of purchasing, the management of communication, and the macro management of item
項目管理包含項目范圍管理、時間管理、費用管理、質量管理、風險管理、人員管理、采購管理、溝通管理、項目整體管理等九大知識領域和項目啟動過程、項目計劃過程、項目執行過程、項目監控過程、項目收尾過程等五大項目過程。 -
The dissertation analyzes determinants of financial structure of listed agribusinesses in china by using the empirical methodology, and provides the empirical evidences of theories of financial structure and traits of chinese listed agribusinesses. the influence of the micro - factors and macro - circumstance is tested. in addition it shows reasons from tax, bankruptcy risk, agency cost and asymmetric information perspectives
全文從微觀因素和宏觀環境兩個層面展開，分析了盈利性、經營風險、資產實質性、規模、稅收制度、股權結構、金融體系等因素對融資結構的影響，並從稅收、破產風險、代理成本和不對稱信息的角度分析了產生的原因。 -
These years, with the stabilization of macro - economy and attaching importance to cost management and economic benefit, some enterprises have taken the lead in bringing standard cost system into effect. on the foundation of existed research results, by using the advanced theories and methods home and abroad, and through analyzing a great amount of data, the author discussed issues related to theory and practice of standard cost system
近十幾年，隨著宏觀經濟環境的穩定、企業內部對成本管理和經濟效益的重視，以及會計電算化在我國企業中的普及，為推行標準成本制度提供了方便，一些企業率先實施了標準成本制度，並且在我國的三資企業中得到廣泛的應用，取得了較好的效果。 -
Document materials up until now show, no matter abroad or domestic, the research that is about enterprise clusters centralized in the fields of macro - economy and industry economy. the dissertation takes the lead in analyses and studying the enterprise clusters systematically from the micro field, point out that the intergrowth contributes to reduce marketing cost of the enterprise and inside management control cost, thus improved the whole competitive power of enterprise clusters. the dissertation has proposed the mode that enterprise has emerged under the intergrowth relation, the choice mechanism to the intergrowth target of enterprise, the regulation mechanism to the enterprise clusters evolution
在企業集群的理論研究中，從現有的文獻資料看，不論是國外還是國內，都是在宏觀經濟領域和中觀產業領域層面對企業集群進行研究，論文運用共生理論，率先從微觀領域系統地分析和研究企業集群，指出集群企業的共生有助於降低集群企業的市場交易成本和內部管理控製成本，從而提高了集群的整體競爭能力；論文提出了共生關系下的集群企業衍生模式、集群企業對共生對象的選擇機制、集群發展過程的調節機制。 -
In the thesis, first, with the view to new institutional economics, the author researched the asset appraisal standards and deeply analyzed its character, function, making and etc. second, the author made a theory model of demand - supply, and then analyzed the affect factors on the demand and supply of assets appraisal standards so to find the reason of its imbalance. after that, the author studied the cost and profit of the making of assets appraisal standards as well as many affect factors, so that the profit will be the most on the conditions of fixing cost. at last, on the basis of theoretical analysis, the author brought forward some suggestive conclusion such as : reasonable location of standards making ; the process of making should be full played ; choose the china appraisal society as the organization of making the assets appraisal standards through the comparing of many institution of standards making ; consult to the foreign assets appraisal standards so as to lower the cost of standards making ; streng then the theoretical preparation of assets appraisal ; standards making should be in a long run ; making standards as early as ; strengthen teaching on standards ; attach importance to macro - environment analyzing
本文從新制度經濟學角度研究資產評估準則，對資產評估準則的性質、功能及制定等進行了深入分析；通過構建供需分析理論模型，對影響資產評估準則的需求和供給的因素進行系統分析，剖析資產評估準則供需不平衡的成因；對資產評估準則制定的成本收益進行研究，全面分析影響成本和收益的諸多要素，達到成本一定的情況下，收益相對最大；在理論分析的基礎上結合中國資產評估的宏觀環境，分析了我國宏觀環境對準則制定的影響；提出了我國資產評估準則制定的對策定位：準則制定要合理定位；制定過程要充分博弈；對準則制定機構的選擇；借鑒國外資產評估準則；加大資產評估理論準備；準則制定要有前瞻性；準則制定應有緊迫性；強化準則培訓力度；準則需明確宏觀環境分析。 -
Currently, the theory study of commercial cost control is scant, because in our country, the banking measures are considered to be part of the country ' s macro policy. the commercialization in banking has come into exercise before long, method unitary and cost consciousness weak ; but facing to the competition pressure from foreign banks after the entry to wto, commercial banking should put the improvement of management into the first place, transform the open and competition pressure to reform and exceeding force, in order to win the competition
目前，商業銀行成本控制在理論上卻是研究得甚少，原因是我國一直把銀行業作為國家宏觀政策及其實施的一部分，進行商業運作的時間不長，方法單一，成本意識淡薄，但「入世」後面對外資銀行的競爭壓力，我國商業銀行把提高經營管理水平放在第一位，把開放和競爭的壓力轉化為改革和趕超的動力，才能贏得競爭，而成本控制卻是提升核心競爭力的關鍵。 -
On the one hand the macro - transaction cost are classified into market transaction cost, governance transaction cost, political transaction cost and merit - culture transaction cost, and the author has contrasted the transaction cost between agriculture and industry. on the other hand the author has contrasted microscopically the transaction cost of production, living, the labor force shifts, the innovations and the appliance of technology between the rural and the city
一方面以宏觀視角將交易費用劃分為市場型交易費用、管理型交易費用、政治型交易費用和道德文化型交易費用，並在工與農、城與鄉之間進行了比較分析;另一方面以微觀視角從生活、生產、剩餘勞動力轉移、科技創新與成果轉化四個方面對比分析了工與農、城與鄉之間的交易費用差距。 -
The analytical basis of this article is the policy - changing theory of the new policy economists. its analytical method is mainly the cost - income analysis ; employment policies are variable, macro - analysis and micro - analysis are combined in this article
本文的分析依據是新制度經濟學的制度變遷理論，採用的分析方法主要是經濟學中的成本?收益方法，把制度當作變量，宏觀和微觀研究相結合。 -
The last chapter comments on the “ chilean model ”. the author agrees on some successful facts in chilean pension reform, espiecally for the high investment return and the positive effects on the development of capital market as well as macro - economy brought forth by pension fund. however, there are still some difficulties and problems unsolved in chilean pension system, such as the low coverage of pension plan, high management cost, pension income gap, the fiscal burden and so on
同時，智利模式面臨的問題也是突出的:表現在參保率差，養老金收入分配差距擴大，針對低收入群體的財政支出負擔加重以及投資方面存在的成本負擔過重、市場監管過度等方面的問題上，這些問題的產生既有私營養老金體制自身的原因，也有經濟社會條件變化帶來的影響因素。 -
In this paper, the author firstly introduces the theory of enterprise strategy, and then analyzes the macro - policy environment, the coke industry condition and the coke enterprise situation. on the basis of the analysis and the prediction, the author presents the strategic position and objective of the chang zhou factory of coke and chemicals by means of swot analysis. in addition, cost leadership, backward integration and concentric diversification strategy of partial expansion, and the market - oriented strategy are put forward
本文首先對企業戰略研究的理論進行了簡單的介紹，然後對焦化廠的宏觀政策環境、行業狀況及企業現狀進行了分析，根據分析、預測結果及swot分析的基礎上，提出了常州焦化廠的戰略定位和目標、低成本戰略、局部擴張的後向一體化及同心多元化戰略、市場導向戰略。 -
Then, probing into the feasibility of bad bank asset securitization from macro - economic system and cost - income angle. afterwards, author puts forward the countermeasures to the obstacles of practicing bad bank asset securitization in our country. finally, author puts forward the ideas of operation mode of bad bank asset securitization in our country, according to the successful experiences of foreign countries and the reality of our country
接著，從我國宏觀經濟體制方面和微觀成本收益角度對我國實行銀行不良資產證券化的可行性進行分析；隨后，針對目前我國開展銀行不良資產證券化存在的障礙，提出了應對措施；最後，根據國外開展不良資產證券化的成功經驗，並結合我國現實情況，提出我國開展銀行不良資產證券化的運作模式構想。 -
Analysis on high macro - cost of investment pulling growth with economic growth in china
我國投資拉動的宏觀成本分析 -
The cost - drivers can be divided into macro - cost - drivers and micro - cost - drivers
農產品成本動因是指導致成本發生的因素。 -
Although the macro - cost - drivers have difficulty in calculating, they influence greatly on cost control of agricultural product. chapter 6. cost trade - off control of agricultural product cost results from many cost - drivers that influence not only on cost but also on each other themselves
這些成本動因雖不能具體化為成本項目而記入農產品成本中，但這些成本動因以不同形式影響著農產品成本的形成方式、形成內容及補償程度，而且這些動因一旦形成，又很難變動，對農產品成本具有長期影響。 -
The chapter mainly discusses macro - cost - driver control and its influence on agricultural product cost. macro - cost - drivers include agricultural production scale, agricultural business form, agricultural production construction, agricultural policies, agricultural scientific and technical level, agricultural sustainable development and agricultural production standardization
宏觀成本動因是指決定農業基礎結構的成本動因，主要包括農業經營規模、農業經營形式、農業生產結構、農民科技水平、農業產業政策、農產品質量、農業可持續發展及農業標準化。 -
The fourth chapter firstly points out that due to the special structure and procedures of asset securitization, the traditional legal and accounting institutions cannot fully explain and suit the development of asset securitization, so the cost of asset securitization is reflected in the increase of macro cost and micro cost. secondly, it points out that asset securitization could decrease information cost, increase company ' s cash flow and cut down transaction cost
第四章首先指出由於資產證券化特殊的結構和實施程序，使傳統的法律和會計制度不能完全解釋和適應資產證券化的發展，從而資產證券化的成本表現在由於制度變遷而引起的宏觀成本和微觀成本的增加；其次運用mm理論來分析資產證券化的效益問題，指出資產證券化可以減少信息成本、增加公司的現金流、減少交易成本。
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