market imperfection 中文意思是什麼

market imperfection 解釋
市場不完全
  • market : n 1 （尤指牲畜和食品的）集市；市場；菜市，菜場。2 需要，銷路；推銷地區。3 市價；行情，市面，市況...
  • imperfection : n. 不完全，不足；缺點。
  1. In present dissertation, most stirpses are repartitioned and redefined, and the structure characteristic, course of formation, cause of formation, function and risk of stirpses are analyzed. the main conclusions are : [ 1 ] rapid development of corporations engenders urgent demand of financing, conflict between capital market imperfection and demand of financing leads corporations to control listed corporations by purchasing " shell " and enhance it ' s financing capability ; [ 2 ] two kinds of pricing institution of stock provides stirpses for controlling listed corporations by low cost, monitoring institution imperfections provides corporations for operating listed corporations. adjust of national assets provides more " shells " ; [ 3 ] more private corporations purchase listed corporations, some of them form stirpses ; [ 4 ] stirpses have positive influence about adjusting industry and enhancing capital market financing function ; [ 5 ] stirpses magnify financial risk by controlling listed corporations, and transform listed corporations from shareholders benefit to block shareholder benefit, having tendency of infracting shareholders benefit

    本文主要的結論： [ 1 ]中國企業的迅速發展對融資有迫切的要求，中國國內資本市場發展不完善與這種強烈的融資需求的沖突導致了企業尋求通過買「殼」的方式控制上市公司，以此來提高自身的融資能力； [ 2 ]中國上市公司股票的兩種定價機制為「系」低成本控制上市公司提供了可能，監管機制的不完善為「系」提供了操縱上市公司的空間，國有資產在調整過程中從部分競爭行業退出，為資本市場提供了一定數量的「殼」資源； [ 3 ]民營企業紛紛買「殼」上市，在這個過程中，部分實力突出的企業形成了「系」 ； [ 4 ] 「系」現象對進行行業整合、提高資本市場融資能力等方面起到了積極的作用； [ 5 ] 「系」通過對上市公司進行的操縱放大了金融風險，將上市公司的股東利益最大化變為大股東利益最大化，存在著侵害小股東利益的潛在傾向。
  2. The illegal environment of chinese security market, the governance defect of the listed companies and the imperfection of the self - disciplining organization are the main factors which lead to the low inevitable illegal cost of the lawbreakers, and the security legislation and judicature problems, the supervision defect and the blocked channels to the supervision by the media and the masses etc. are

    而導致我國證券市場違法的可能性成本較低的原因有：證券立法不完備；在司法過程中沒有全面發揮法律責任的功能；證監會角色定位模糊，監管理念不清；媒體和社會大眾對證券違法行為的監督渠道不暢等。
  3. Because non - rational bubble, sheep effect and moral hazard, adverse selection, imperfection competition induced by information asymmetry in stock market, the information efficiency in chinese stock market is low

    由於股票市場的非理性泡沫、羊群效應、信息不對稱引發的道德風險、逆向選擇和不完全競爭等問題，我國股票市場的信息效率比較低。
  4. Nowadays, credit imperfection is disturbing market economy development more and more, including taxation sphere

    當前，信用缺失已成為困擾中國市場經濟發展的桎梏，稅收領域也概莫能外。
  5. More attention is recommend to be paid to information flow by the thesis in order to resolve the worsen credit system of china ' s market due to both natural and government - induced market imperfection

    本文建議我國工程機械製造商充分重視wto對中國市場分銷系統的影響，花大力氣將營銷尤其是分銷渠道培養成企業的核心能力。
  6. From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered

    第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。
  7. And market imperfection has the tendency, among other things, to disadvantage those with less market bargaining power

    市場的不完全競爭，亦往往會令討價還價能力較低的一群處于不利位置。
  8. The analytical results have indicated that the market power or market imperfection world affect not only the behaviors of competing firms but also the performance of the entire market

    研究結果指出，市場結構或市場力量對該產業中廠商的競爭狀態及市場績效有相當的影響。
  9. The comparative advantage of chinese enterprises is still weak. the obstacles in realizing the real economical complementarity include the shortage of fund, the relatively poor management, and the imperfection of market mechanism. at

    中國企業發展對俄投資的比較優勢還較弱，此外，實現兩國經濟上的現實互補性還存在一些障礙，比如資金短缺、管理水平相對落後、市場機制不盡完善等等，同時還要克服投資中的非經濟目的。
  10. The dualism of finance caused by financial regulation, the system disfigurements and institutional defects during the economic transition period, and the lack of the internal supervision and stimulus derived from the imperfection of the corporation governance structures of economic bodies, offer enough rent for banks " rent - seeking behaviors. the economic result is that, implicit interest rate forms in the market

    金融抑制導致的金融二元性、經濟轉型時期的體制缺位和制度缺陷，以及微觀經濟主體不健全的法人治理結構導致的內部監督激勵不足，為銀行尋租行為的發生提供了不竭的租金源泉，結果形成了市場上的隱性利率。
  11. Secondly, the thesis analyzes the conditions of high - tech enterprises to apply stock option, points out that the high growth of high - tech enterprise and specific characteristics of high - tech talent motivation are favorable conditions of high - tech enterprises to apply stock option. but the abnormal capital market undeveloped talent market imperfection relative laws and rules and unconsummated enterprise administration structure are unfavorable conditions of high - tech enterprises to apply stock option. then the thesis promotes corresponding improvement measures after specifically expounding their unfavorable influences to stock option utilization

    其次，論文分析了高科技企業運用股票期權的條件，指出高科技企業的高成長性和高科技人才激勵的特殊性是高科技企業運用股票期權的有利條件，但我國資本市場的不規范、人才市場的不發達、相關法律法規的不健全及企業治理結構的不完善是高科技企業運用股票期權的不利條件，在具體闡述了它們對股票期權運用的不利影響后提出相應的改善措施。
  12. External causes mainly include : little support for reform of state - owned enterprises from state ; imperfection of system of state - owned commercial banks and underdevelopment of capital market ; unsoundness of social insurance system ; lag of structural reform of government

    外部成因主要有：國家對國企改革支持力度不夠；國有商業銀行體制不順及資本市場不發達；社會保障制度不完善；政府機構改革滯后。
  13. Such defects may unfavorably effect many aspects of economy such as investment efficiency, investors, government and listed company etc. the causes may be explained as follows : ( 1 ) the unsoundness of the market economy, ( 2 ) the imperfection of security market system ( 3 ) the irrationality of the present governance structure of securities investment fund ( 4 ) errors in guiding principles ( 5 ) insufficiency of government supervision

    2 、證券投資基金不規范對資本市場和投資者及其他市場主體者的不利影響： （ 1 ）使投資效率降低。不利於證券投資基金改善投資結構、金融結構，不利於儲蓄向投資轉化，降低了資本市場競爭性，從而降低資本市場配置資源的效率。 （ 2 ）對投資者的影響。
  14. They all start from their individual rationality to search for the maximization of personal profit. the real destination is not sure be the group rationality, i. e. that securities market realize the efficient allocation of resources. on the contrary, it often cause the irrationality of group for such reasons as imperfection in law, accountant ' s non - qualification, the lack of independence of accountant firms, inefficient supervision reasonableness, i. e. sever distortion of accounting information disclosure damage the investor ' s profit

    反而由於投資者的素質不高、非理性預期和從眾行為；上市公司委託代理機制不健全、治理結構不完善、造假成本與造假收益的嚴重不對稱；會計師事務所獨立性的缺乏、注冊會計師素質不證券市場會計信息披露失真問題研究高;證監會監竹效率和力度不夠等原因所致，博弈的結果是集體的斗理性，即證券市場會i
  15. Specially the problems and imperfection of our open market operation reanalyzed exhaustively in this part. generally speaking, the insufficiency in the amount of treasury bill, the imperfection of treasury bill structure, the immaturity of bond market between banks and the non - liberalization of interest rates restrict the development of china ' s open market operation. at the end of the third part, some suggestions of policies are provided to improve china ' s open market operation

    第三部分為本文的重點章節，主要討論我國公開市場操作的發展及現狀，其中更是著重分析了目前我國公開市場操作中存在的問題，從工具和環境兩個角度入手，指出我國國債數量不足、結構不佳、銀行間債券市場發育不成熟以及利率尚未實行市場化等現實條件制約了我國公開市場操作的發展完善。
  16. At present the establishment and imperfection of entrepreneurial market choice mechanism of stated - owned enterprises should have several respects at least as follows. first, selective subjects should be marketized, that is, entrepreneurs of stated - owned enterprises should be selected by their board of directors. second, selective objects whose selective scope might be inner entrepreneurial market or outside entrepreneurial market of stated - owned enterprises should be marketized

    現階段我國國有企業要建立和完善企業家市場化選擇機制，應該從以下方面採取對策措施：第一，選擇主體市場化，即由董事會來選擇國有企業的企業家；第二，選擇對象市場化，其選擇范圍可以是國有企業的內部企業家市場，也可以是外部企業家市場；第三，堅持市場化的選擇原則和程序。
  17. The establishment and imperfection of entrepreneurial market choice mechanism of stated - owned enterprise need set up a serial of corresponding mechanisms, such as entrepreneurial training mechanism, entrepreneurial appraising mechanism, entrepreneurial replacement mechanism and entrepreneurial incentive and restraint mechanism

    國有企業企業家市場化選擇機制的建立和完善需要一系列配套機制的建立，如企業家培養機制、評價機制、更替機制以及企業家激勵約束機制。
  18. However, such institutional factors as ideological restraint, absence of proprietor, low efficiency of running system and imperfection of legal system have reduced the efficiency of market allocation of scenic resources

    然而，意識形態的束縛、所有權主體的缺失、經營體制的低效以及法制管理不健全等制度缺陷導致了市場配置風景名勝資源的低效率。
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