market structure and efficiency 中文意思是什麼

market structure and efficiency 解釋
市場的結構和效率
  • market : n 1 （尤指牲畜和食品的）集市；市場；菜市，菜場。2 需要，銷路；推銷地區。3 市價；行情，市面，市況...
  • structure : n. 1. 構造，結構；組織；石理，石紋。2. 建造物。3. 【化學】化學結構。4. 【心理學】（直接經驗中顯現的）結構性，整體性；整體結構。adj. -d ,-less adj.
  • and : n. 1. 附加條件。2. 〈常 pl. 〉附加細節。
  • efficiency : n. 1. 功效。2. 效率；效能；實力，能力。3. 【物理學】性能。
  1. Because of imperfect in regulation, laws and market, the model brings out lots of problems such as insider - control, excessive freedom for large stockholder, no efficiency of supervisory, hollowing out the listed firm, etc. the fourth chapter : to solve the problems of corporate governance in china, we must do these things as follow : to diminish the difference of currency stock and incurrence stock, to realize that common stocks have common rights, to perfect the stimulation and control mechanism, to perfect the - structure of the board of the directors through introducing independent directors, to perfect market system and law system

    4 、研究問題的目的是為了解決問題，而要解決我國公司治理中的問題，不但要克服制度構造的缺陷，逐步縮小流通股與非流通股的利益差別，實現同股同權：要完善公司的激勵、約柬機制，改善董事會的結構，引進獨立董事，加強公司對其他利益相關者利益的考慮：而且還要建立和完善市場體系，加強法律和執法體系的建設，使外部治理市場和法律、法規在公司治理中發揮強勢的監督和約柬功能，最終形成公司治理的良勝生態環境。
  2. Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks

    突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。
  3. Research of this paper opens out enclosing the subject that m & as and reconstruction of public companies can help to realize resource collocating of securities market, advance quality of public companies, and promote the optimization of structure and function of stated - owned economy. the paper researches how to change the financial and speculative reconstruction at present to the strategic and material reconstruction aftertime. firstly, the author proves the feasibility of m & as and reconstruction that conduces to advance management efficiency of companies and efficiency of securities market in theory, and emphasizes on some conceptions which have certain differences between westward m & as and reconstruction market and ours

    西方的並購重組理論為我們提供了一定的思考的角度，其中比較有代表性的有效率理論，從管理、經營、財務的協同效應和多元化經營、戰略重組等方面解釋了並購重組對改善企業經營管理的可能性；代理問題理論，把並購重組作為解決企業委託代理問題的一個外部機制，即當由於公司管理層的無效率或代理問題而導致公司經營管理業績不佳的時候，公司就可能面臨著被收購的威脅；信息與信號理論，認為並購重組信息向市場傳遞了有關公司管理、股票價值、資本結構等方面的信息，從而引起公司的市場價值被重新評估，導致股價波動。
  4. The development of chinese capital market makes remarkable contribution to the development of china ' s economy in the past 15 years. first of all, the money that enterprises raise through the stock market offers fund for its enlarged reproduction. secondly, enterprises have set up modern enterprise system, improved company ' s government structure and offered the system guarantee to the future development by listing 。 moreover, the separation of fictious capital and material object capital realized by the capital market can realize the rational collocation of the fund and improve the efficiency of social resources and improve the industrial structure development by merger and acquisition

    中國資本市場發展近15年來對中國經濟的發展做出卓越的貢獻，首先，企業通過股票市場籌集到的資金為其擴大再生產提供資金保障;其次，企業通過上市建立起現代企業制度，完善了公司治理結構，對企業未來發展提供製度保障;再次，通過資本市場實現虛擬資本與實物資本的分離，可以實現資金的優化配置，進而提高社會資源的使用效率，並且通過兼并和收購，可以促進產業結構的完善和發展。
  5. " the rent - seeking consequence effect on the project quality, the market efficiency, the market structure and trade development, through on the rent - seeking economic models and principles it indicated the danger of rent behaviors

    建築市場尋租行為的危害從經濟原理上表明了尋租行為產生后建築市場的工程質量、市場效率、市場結構及行業發展的變化，闡明了尋租行為的危害。
  6. The enterprise running means, strengthen our achievement in equipment. 4. structure innovated and line rebuilt. try our best to exchange the enterprise running means, strengthen our achievement rebuilt, the organization structure, and improve the market - reflect system and enterprise running and managing efficiency

    積極做好企業經營方式的轉變，逐步實現集團二級企業法人的體制，強化業務流程重組與再創造，優化組織架構體系，建立市場倒逼傳遞機制，提高市場反映速度和企業經營管理效率，從而實現扁體化和矩陣式管理模式。
  7. Firstly, the paper retrospects the development of eso and tries to probe into the theoretical field : the explanation of it ' s definition, the conclusion of it ' s characters, the comparison of eso and other stock inspiration system, followed by the analysis of it ' s theoretical basis and incentive effect ; meanwhile, the paper probes into the realistic situations of eso in usa and china in order to seek the regulation and draw the advantages and disadvantages ; to this part, the paper takes the following four items as the main barriers to eso ' s implementation in china : the over restriction of current law system, the low efficiency of the market, the poor corporate governance structure and a lack of a reasonable performance index system, and elaborately analyze the impacts of the obstacles on eso ; after the analysis made above, the paper gets down to taking some methods to solve the problems in accordance with the characteristic of the barriers. as far as the internal defects of the mechanism are concerned, the paper begins with the scientifically design of the key components, studying the aspects of bestowal, change, loss, the executive method and the executive time. then the paper focuses on designing a performance index system which is an essential part of eso, introducing the bsc to improve the present performance index system, under the reasonable guidelines resigning it at both the levels of company ' s and employee ' s levels. finally, as regards how to perfect the outside surrounding of eso, the thesis makes some suggestion

    本文首先回顧了股票期權制在國內外的發展及較為詳盡的分析了股票期權制度的相關理論：闡述了其涵義，特徵，理論基礎，激勵效應並於其他幾個較易混淆的股權激勵機製作逐一的比較，以進一步澄清人們對其的錯誤認識；同時，對股票期權制在美國和我國的現狀進行深入的實證研究，探求其內在規律，在肯定其成果時指出其不足；至此，筆者認為，我國上市公司要推行股票期權制度將主要面臨以下四類障礙：公司治理結構不完善、市場有效性差、現行法規體系不完善及缺乏客觀的業績考評指標體系，並詳細分析了各類障礙的現狀及對股票期權制的負面影響；在此基礎上，針對各類障礙的不同性質，著手探討消除這些障礙的措施：對于股票期權制內部的缺陷，本文先對各個關鍵要素進行科學設計，系統的剖析了贈與、變更、喪失、執行方式、股票來源等技術性問題，再以大量篇幅研究了如何構建出一套與實施股票期權制相配套的業績考核指標體系，引進平衡計分卡的思想對國內現有的指標體系加以改進，以一組合理的評價原則為指導，從公司及員工個人業績考評兩個層面上來設計該指標體系。
  8. Nations ordain the property rights structure, and it is a source to affect the capital market efficiency. but nations need to ordain the specific property rights structure to obtain the rent from public finance, which reflect on the chinese institutional change as follows : th e nation and its public finance demands play a key role in capital market development, but the nation ' s unilateral demand of public finance to obtain the rent caused the predicament in capital market

    而從產權視角看，兩者又具有了內生關系，因為是國家界定產權結構故而是影響資本市場效率的根源，而國家之所以構造出特定的產權結構則與其獲取租金的財政需要息息相關，反映在中國制度變遷實踐上就是：國家及其財政需要既是資本市場興起的關鍵，而國家單方面獲取租金的財政需要又是造成資本市場困境的根源。
  9. Adopt market segmentation, market positioning, and market combination in anglicizing the current situation of passenger transportation in southwest china, take, its technologic economic characteristic and the resources of the form of railway passenger transportation into consideration in developing and selling new products, we can create the best market value and economic efficiency. in accordance with basic theories of transportation system and modern marketing, the thesis takes the means of marketing segmentation and balance of supply and distribution, makes a thorough analysis on influential factors of passenger transportation, requirement, structure, transportation net, etc. dealing with the requirements and supplies of passenger transportation market of southwest china, the thesis tries to advance a new market countermove including the overall strategy, product development, brand design, sale ' s organizations, on the basis of present situation of leaving time, passenger mobility, average distance, geographical position and passenger composition

    本文按照交通運輸系統分析和現代市場營銷學的基本理論，運用供求分析和市場細分的方法，從影響因素、需求量、客運結構、運輸網各方面對西南地區客運市場需求和供給狀況進行分析和研究，並在此基礎上按照出行時間、客流性質、平均行程、地理位置、旅客成分等對西南鐵路客運市場進行市場細分和目標市場定位，提出了「以能保長、以速引中、以價爭短、以質創新」的營銷總體戰略和產品開發、價格管理、品牌設計、銷售組織等一系列營銷對策。
  10. Just imagine the stock market as a totally computerised trading and custodian system linked with the electronic money payment and settlement system, so that real - time delivery versus payment happens instantaneously when a transaction is made, even at the retail level. this market structure, being the most robust and desirable from the risk management and efficiency points of view is technically possible now, and should be considered as the target for market development

    試想像股市運作變成完全電腦化，買賣託管電子支付及交收程序連成一體，每宗交易包括零售層面都能貨銀兩訖即時支付交收：從風險管理及效率的角度來看，這都是最穩健的市場結構，而且在技術上已經可行，應該將此列作市場發展的目標。
  11. Firstly, we apply economic principles to analyses the structure and efficiency of stock market, conclude the ideal market structure and its top efficiency ? quilibrium efficiency, then, according to the theory of unsymmetyical information, point out that perfect competition market does n ' t exist in reality. every market has its own characteristics and stock market cannot fulfill the tasks that chinese government endovved to china ' s stock market

    首先從一般經濟學原理出發，分析證券市場結構與效率的關系，得出理想證券市場的結構及其最高效率? ?均衡效率，然後由市場交易客觀存在的信息不對稱的特點，指明完全競爭市場在現實生活中不可能存在，並且用證券市場信息不對稱原理分析證券市場的自身特點，表明任何資本市場不可能完全承擔管理層賦予中國證券市場的使命。
  12. As to the problem on the structure of the real estate market and operation pattern, a lot of experts and intelligences thought that the real estate, is the same as other manufactory in china, has too much competitive so that the industry structure is scattered. on the contrary, any people a lot of different point of view, for example, according to the 3 major index of undue competition concluded by jiang xiaojuan ( 1998 ) on the “ much accession of enterprise ”, “ low efficiency of the whole industry ” and “ competition and efficiency won ’ t produce elimination ”, explanation of mass situation - - - restructuring the

    與此觀點相對應，許多人也提出了不同的觀點，如:根據江小娟（ 1998年）將「企業進入太多」 、 「全行業長期低效益」 、 「競爭和低效益不能產生淘汰作用」總結的過度競爭的三大主要指標，任紀軍在《破解亂局? ?重整中國房地產經濟》一書中認為，房地產行業不存在全行業的長期低效益，而是相反。
  13. In the chapter 5 and 6, in the framework of the stakeholder theory, the governance efficiency and relations between control rights transferring and principal bodies ( large stockholders and the stakeholders protection ) and leadership structures ( post designated of boards and ceo ) and characteristic of boards ( board composition and board size and board behaviors ) of the stakeholders of listed companies samples were deeply analyzed. at the same time, in the chapter 7 and 8, affecting factors including the stock property structure and enterprises performances ( financial performance and market perfor mance ) before and after the control rights transferring were handed out in the face of readers and they were tested in the kinds of angles. as the beginning and base of the dissertation, conclusions and extents were arranged in the part 4

    其中第五章和第六章是在相關利益者的理論框架下，將控制權變更發生的上市公司的相關利益者等主體行為（大股東和相關利益者保護） 、領導權結構（董事會和總經理職位設置）和董事會特性（董事構成、董事會規模和董事會行為）與控制權變更狀態的相互關系和治理效率進行了深入研浙江大學博士學位論文上市公司控制權變更:理論與實證分析究;第七章和第八章是將影響我國上市公司控制權發生變更的股權結構（包括公司股權結構和前十大股東股權集中度） 、控制權變更前後企業績效（財務績效和市場績效）呈現在讀者面前，並進行了多角度驗證分析。
  14. The mode of railway reform, vhich is " separation of the railway infrastructures fiom operations " and reforming of locomotive & rolling stock purchase and management svstem, will create a rational market structure for locomotive & rolling stock market and standardized competition environment railway reform and high - efficiency operation aftenvards vvill be beneficial to raise competitive capacity on the transportation market, and make it possible to gain a bigger market share, vhich vvill stimulate market demand of locomotive & rolling stock. they have been demonstrated by the fact that the gliding situation of market share nas been reversed after development measures of speed - raising of locomotives & rolling stocks since 1996. on the same time, china ' s entry into wto make locomotive & rolling stock industry utilize resources on intemational market, especially impartially enter into intemational locomotive & rolling stock market and meet less trade baniers

    鐵路「網運分離」的改革模式及機車車輛購置管理改革，將為機車車輛市場創造一個合理的市場結構、規范的競爭環境；而鐵路發展及改革后的高效運作有利於其提高在運輸市場的競爭力，從而有可能分得更大一塊運輸市場，從而刺激機車車輛需求，這已為1996年以來鐵路推行提速等發展措施以後扭轉市場份額下滑局面的事實所證明；同時入世可使機車車輛工業充分利用國際市場資源，尤其是公平地進入國際機車車輛市場而遇到相對更少的貿易壁壘。
  15. There is a widespread and deep - rooted idea in the circle of economics that perfectly competitive market is the best ideal model of market - structure. it can produce pareto efficiency while monopoly market always accompanies with lower - efficiency

    經濟理論界有一種普通的根深蒂固的觀念，即認為完全競爭是最理想的市場結構模式，它能夠實現「帕累托」效率，而壟斷總是低效的，有害的。
  16. As the customers require commodities of individuation rather than of popularity, the management should be upgraded accordingly. and the organizational structure of the enterprise changes from the traditional pattern of hierarchies directed by purely cost and efficiency to the flat pattern directed by many target include pursue innovation, then to the pattern of network and so on, as the enterprise supplies products or services aiming at the individual rather than at the mass generally ; meanwhile, it is required that the corporate supply chain should be changed into the relationship of alliance rather than that of purely market trading

    隨著顧客需要從大眾化向個性化轉變時，要求企業管理的質量水平相應的提升，企業提供產品或服務的流程形式從大量生產向單件生產轉變，企業的組織結構隨之從單純成本、效率目標導向的傳統層級型演變到追求創新等多目標的扁平型再發展到網路化組織形式等，同時要求供應鏈從純粹的市場交易轉為相對穩定的聯盟式的關系，並由此引起企業管理形式的變化。
  17. The dissertation, transition economy as background, describes full - scale analysis on constructing chinese natural monopoly industry effective market and put forward the boundary of market and government, market and corporation, monopoly and competition model. the dissertation analyses concealed administration monopoly ’ s character and its hazard, and considers that the most important reason which leads to the chinese natural monopoly industry ’ s short of efficiency is that scale economy is short of character and efficiency, scope economy isn ’ t realized, inefficiency non - regulation equilibrium coexists with regulation equilibrium and the dilemma of state - owned corporation. the dissertation puts forward the vertical configuration principal in the regulation structure and deems that natural monopoly industry ’ s regulation vertical configuration should

    論文以轉型經濟為背景，對中國自然壟斷產業有效市場建設進行了較為全面的分析，比較和描述了市場條件下與轉型期存在顯著差別的市場與政府、市場與企業、壟斷與競爭的邊界模型，界定和分析了隱性行政壟斷的特徵及其危害性，認為導致中國自然壟斷產業市場低效的基礎性原因是規模經濟特徵和規模經濟效率的雙重不足，范圍經濟沒有實現，無效率的非均衡規制和均衡規制並存，以及國有企業的困境。
  18. Corporate bond market is an important component of the financial markets. the development of corporate bond market is not only to expand funding channels for enterprises, optimize capital structure of the enterprises, meet the diverse investment needs of investors, but also to improve the financial structure and enhance the financial efficiency

    企業債券市場是金融市場的重要組成部分，它的發展不僅能拓寬企業融資渠道、優化企業資本結構、滿足投資者多樣化投資需求，而且對完善金融結構及提高金融效率具有重要的促進作用。
  19. At the time, it is the issues and challenges for industrial economy investigators that how to guide market participators " action and optimize market structure and improve market efficiency

    在這種情況下，如何引導市場參與者行為，優化市場結構，進而提高市場運行效率，是產業經濟研究者所面臨的問題與挑戰。
  20. Proceeding with the industry ' s market structure, re source allocation efficiency, grade of technical progress and level of market opening, the indicator system for evaluating the market performance of auto industry is abstracted. the market performance by using borda method is analyzed with actual examples, thus concluding that compared to the developed country the gap of the market performance with our auto industry is being gradually widened

    論文從產業的市場結構、資源配置效率、技術進步程度、市場開放程度入手，提煉出評價汽車產業市場績效的指標體系，並運用模糊borda數法對我國汽車產業的市場績效進行了實證分析，指出我國與國外發達國家的汽車產業相比，市場績效差距還在逐步拉大。
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