negative demand 中文意思是什麼
negative demand
解釋
負需求-
Complementary goods have a negative cross elasticity of demand.
互補商品的需求的交叉彈性為負數。 -
At the same time, the kangda corporation firstly faced the negative saleroom, the salesman sending in one ' s papers and the cost of marketing increasing and increasing. the key problem is that the existing no - difference marketing strategy can not adapt the change of market and the demand of culturist. so, kangda corporation need institute differential marketing strategy to guidance the future marketing work to decrease the marketing cost, enhance customer satisfaction, and advance the competition of company so that the company can gain the excess profit
同時康大公司也遇到公司歷史上首次銷量負增長、營銷人員高流失、營銷成本大增等問題，原因在於現行的無差異化營銷策略不能適應市場變化和養殖戶的需求，故需要制定差異化營銷策略來指導未來營銷工作，以減少公司營銷成本，增加養殖戶和經銷商滿意度，提升公司競爭力，使公司獲得高於行業平均的利潤。 -
If the scm model matches to the company ’ s strategy and production type, it can help the company carry out supply chain and realize bpr on basis of customer ’ s demand what will eliminate inefficacy activity of the operation. it can lead to the company get the initiative status. quite reverse is true, inefficacy brings negative effect
與企業戰略和產品類型相匹配的供應鏈運作模式可以幫助企業實現供應鏈戰略;使企業能夠根據客戶需求重組業務流程，消除業務流程中不增值的無效活動，從而降低成本，提高收益，在市場競爭中占據主動。 -
This paper develops a deterministic inventory model for perishable items with a mixture of back orders and lost sales under inflation and time discounting, where the backlogged demand rate is dependent on the negative inventory level during the stock out period. the main differences from the existing related models are that the present model takes the maximum present value of profit in a repeatable order cycle as the objective function and proposes a more practical constraint of maximum customer - waiting time to ensure a proper customer service level. then the existence and the uniqueness of the solution to relevant systems are examined and a solution algorithm is shown to find the optimal replenishment policy. at last, some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicatioh of the model
本文建立了一種考慮通貨膨脹與時間價值的變質性物品的庫存模型，在模型中允許短缺發生且拖后的需求速率與在缺貨期間已經發生的缺貨量有關.和已有相關模型的主要區別在於本模型把一個可重復的訂貨周期內的最大平均利潤的凈現值作為目標函數，且增加了在缺貨期間最長顧客等待時間的限制，以確保庫存系統擁有較高的服務水平.然後討論了模型最優解的存在性與唯一性，並提供了尋求模型整體最優解的演算法.最後用實例說明了此模型在實際中的應用 -
After demonstration we can get the main conclusions : there are notable positive relativity between audit fee and audtee ' s total assetses or subsidiaries, and auditor ' s scale ; while the audit opnion is not clean, audit fees are higher, but audit quality are n ' t increased that suggestes that independentance in chinese public audit market is negative. ; when auditors give special audit or consultations, they may demand more audit fees and their auditees may buy audit opinions ; there is pricing - cutting when cpa audit listed companies that need middle audit or special audit or consultations for the first time ; there is also a unprompted price bottom line in chinese public audit market, but audit quality is n ' t improved for it
通過實證，得出的結論主要有：我國證券市場的審計費用和客戶資產、經營規模、事務所規模顯著正相關；出具非標準無保留意見的審計報告，審計費用較高，但審計質量並沒有提高；提供專項審計或管理咨詢服務的事務所收取的審計費用顯著偏高，上市公司有利用這些服務收買審計意見的行為；在有中期審計和專項審計或管理咨詢的公司，注冊會計師初次審計存在一定的「削價」行為；上市公司獨立審計市場自發形成審計價格下限，但沒因此促成審計質量自發的提高。 -
During the period of increasing resident ' s overall income, there are various negative factors, such as over - sized disparity in income, pessimistic forecast of future income and expense and shrinking scope of residents " increased income. additionally these factors exerted tremendous influence in residents " consumption demand, savings and investment demand
發現在居民收入總體水平不斷提高的過程中，存在著居民收入差距過大、對未來收入和支出的悲觀預期以及居民收入增幅不斷減緩等種種不利因素，而這些因素又對居民的消費需求、儲蓄和投資需求產生著深遠的影響。 -
Although the problems with the supply is one factor that effect the domestic demand, the excessive decentralization of social purchasing power has a great negative influence on domestic demand. early in 1998, the geni coefficiency had exceeded the security line of 0. 4, which indicated that there were serious inequity in income distribution
供給滯后雖說是影響內需的重要原因之一，但社會購買力的過渡分散也對啟動內需起了很大的負面作用，我國早在98年，表徵收入分配差距狀況的基尼系數就已經突破了0 . 4的警戒線。 -
In 2005, 61 physical and chemical parameters were measured and analysed in sediments. these included particle size, electrochemical potential as highly anoxic sediment with negative potential is related to organic pollution, chemical oxygen demand which indicates organic pollutants, total sulphide inorganic constituents, source of the unpleasant - smelling gas hydrogen sulphide, 15 metals and metalloids aluminium, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, vanadium and zinc, and trace toxic organics pahs and pcbs - 16 compounds and 18 congeners respectively
2005年，沉積物監測包括分析61種物理及化學參數，其中有粒子大小電化學勢有機污染促使沉積物缺氧，而讓電化學勢呈負數值化學需氧量顯示有機污染程度總硫化物無機物，是造成難聞氣體硫化氫的主因15種金屬及準金屬鋁砷鋇硼鎘鉻銅鐵鉛錳汞鎳銀釩及鋅和痕量毒性有機物多環芳烴及多氯聯苯分別為16種復合物及18種同質物。 -
( 3 ) it proved that the factors such as technology, market, management, fund and policy environment make different impaction on the result of the valuation of the investment opportunity of hi - tech enterprise during different developmental phases. ( 4 ) the competition intensity, the time lag of investment and the riskless rate make great negative impaction on the option value of hi - tech enterprise. ( 5 ) the conclusion of analysis achieved from which the varieties of the market supply and the market demand make impaction on the result of the valuation accord with the conclusion of analysis achieved from which the varieties impact to price on economics
本文的主要研究成果如下： （ 1 ）投資機會價值在高新技術企業價值評估中佔有重要的地位； （ 2 ）在提出的投資機會價值評估模型的基礎上，結合實際，深入探討隨機跳躍頻率下的評估結論對投資決策的影響； （ 3 ）從定性和定量兩個角度系統地說明了技術、市場、管理、資金及政策對評估結論的影響程度是隨著企業發展階段的不同而不同； （ 4 ）證明了外部競爭強度、投資的時滯和無風險利率對企業的期權價值評估產生極大的負影響，即外部競爭強度越強、投資的時滯越長和無風險利率越大，企業的期權價值就越低，反之就越高； （ 5 ）市場需求和供給的分析結果與從經濟學上的供需對產品價格的影響結論是一致的。 -
The positive movement in power in government is a government agency within the scope of the law clearly show authorizes or negative tacit consent of according purpose, spirit with fair and reasonable principle, according to effective demand with concrete circumstance, judgment, choice, decision administration behavior method with contents
政府權力良性運行是政府機關在法律法規明示授權或消極默許的范圍內基於立法目的、精神和公正合理原則，根據實際需要和具體情況，判斷、選擇、決定行政行為方式和內容。 -
In the past decade, the combination of negative real interest rates, limited land supply, and strong housing demand, led a surge in the prices of property - related assets
在過往10年，香港經歷了負實質利率、有限土地供應，以及強勁的房屋需求下引致與物業相關的資產價格暴升的現象。 -
However, satisfaction of this demand brings us back to the problem of the market dynamics of globalisation, which, as we all learnt from bitter experience, can have very negative effects
但為滿足這種需求，我們要再度面對全球化下市場變動的問題，而我們從痛苦的經驗中已學習到，這個問題是可能會帶來極度負面的影響的。 -
Because of the demand of aspherical lenses, itrc combines optical, mechanical and electrical technology to develop an aspherics polishing system using negative - shape polishing method
在非球面光學鏡片需求增加的今日，儀科中心集成光、機、電技術，發展出應用負形拋光法之非球面拋光系統。 -
At the same time, effective instructions are not available to investors in the market. all these have brought negative effects on the healthy and sustainable development of the nation ' s house industry, and therefore have pressed an urgent need for the establishment of an urban house price model which helps to analyze house investment and house policies based on a comprehensive study of the relations between house demand and house supply
在此背景下，論文以城市住宅價格為研究對象，試圖探討哪些主要動力因素對住宅價格產生影響，並通過實證的方法進一步研究其內在運行機制，希望在發展我國住宅價格模型的同時，為政府調控、企業經營、銀行信貸管理和購房者投資提供分析方法和工具。 -
Due to technology demand would carry out multi - place measure of wind pressure or negative pressure. because measured medium include high concentration coal powder and coal dust grain, often makes sample pulse pipe to stop up, and effect on correct measure of wind pressure, so to safety production causes serious menace
由於工藝上的需要，要進行多處的風壓或負壓的測量，因被測介質中含高濃度的煤粉或煤灰顆粒，常使取樣脈沖管堵塞影響風壓的正確測量，對安全生產造成嚴重威脅。 -
The analysis of cause from demand, cognition, stressor searches for many factors that cause the negative emotion
本文從需要、認識、壓力源等多角度對此狀況進行了成因分析，探尋使高校貧困生產生負性情感的多種因素。 -
The further research in port engineering pile foundation is considered to be important of such as behavior and bearing capacity of laterally loaded single piles and pile groups, and the functional mode of wharf foundation pile under flood tide torrent, and load - deflection curve, and negative skin friction along the pile, et al. the bearing capacity and the negative skin friction of port engineering piles are analyzed, to satisfy port engineering development demand better
在港口樁基工程領域，港口工程水平承載（群）樁的工作性狀以及承載力計算方法，漲潮急流等動態荷載作用條件下碼頭基樁的受力性狀，樁的作用荷載與變位趨勢關系、樁的負摩擦等問題都要求作進一步的研究。本文致力於以港口工程樁基為主要研究對象，對港口工程（群）樁基水平承載力和負摩擦力進行研究，以更好地滿足港口工程建設需要。 -
Demand uncertainty is a common phenomenon in business activity, which lowers the efficiency of resource disposal and bring about negative effect on all the business activities of the supply chain members
需求不確定是商業環境中的一種普遍現象，它降低了資源配置的效率，給供應鏈成員的所有經濟活動都帶來了嚴重的負面影響。 -
All the expansionary monetary policies are introduced, intending to stimulate domestic demand and offset the negative affect of international economic recession for keeping a relative higher econo mic growth. however, the expansionary policies did not succeed as originally expected. neither investment nor consumer showed a clear rising trend
但是，擴張性的貨幣政策實施的效果並沒有達到預期的效果，無論是投資還是消費總體上都沒有出現明顯的回升，銀行出現了普遍的「惜貸」現象，除了政府為了拉動經濟增長進行積極的投資之外，民間投資和消費的增長速度很慢。 -
With the coming up and development of capitalist production relationship, the modern national debt system came up and developed in the end of fcudai society. most classical economists showed negative attitude to nationall debt and deficit. this viewpoint is not only related to their focus of economics ' but also related to the liberal philosophy thought they believed ? the core view of the classical economics is the say ’ s law of supply createsits own demand and market mechanism can automatically adjust to full employment equilibrium
國債對經濟增長的影響主要表現在國債對資本形成的兩個重要因素? ?儲蓄和投資的影響上。在財政范疇內，國債對稅收的平滑作用保證儲蓄的穩定增長，而國債資金為政府投資籌集資金來源，則直接擴大投資的供給;在金融范疇內， 』國債市場是「剩餘儲蓄」轉化為投資的主要渠道。
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