normal operation loss 中文意思是什麼

normal operation loss 解釋
正常運行損失
  • normal : adj 1 正常的,平常的,普通的;平均的。2 正規的,標準的,額定的,規定的。3 智力正常的,精神健全的...
  • operation : n 1 動作,行動,活動;業務,工作;作用。2 效果,效力;有效范圍,有效期間。4 【數學】運算;【醫學...
  • loss : n. 1. 喪失;丟失,遺失。2. 減損,損失,虧損(額);損耗;減少,下降。3. 失敗;輸掉。4. 錯過;浪費。5. 損毀;【軍事】傷亡;〈pl. 〉 傷亡及被俘人數。
  1. As electronic funds transfers mainly use the bank card as launch tool, however, the present bank card itself has inhesion defaults, such as easily be forged and illegally used, so there have many unauthorized electronic funds transfers, and then it becomes a problem that any country which want to develop it. the loss caused by the third party outside the system is that party, such loss should be beard by the third party, just for sustaining normal operation of the system of electronic funds transfers, when the third party disappears, the loss should be allocated among parties in the system

    由於磁條式銀行卡易被偽造和冒用,使得未經授權的電子資金劃撥不斷發生,由此而造成的系統內的損失承擔也成為一個難以解決的問題。筆者通過考察我國各發卡銀行制定的銀行卡章程及領用合同中確定損失分擔的條款,發現這些條款違背了《合同法》第四十條的規定,違背了誠實信用原則,應當認定為無效。
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