observed value 中文意思是什麼

Beryllium powders with the same particle size and various contents of beo were prepared by pre - sintering - acid washing processes initiatively and the influence of beo alone on o mys of beryllium was observed and some new results have been obtained - compared with the content of beo, the distribution of beo in beryllium has more critical influence on mys ; finely dispersed beo along the grain boundaries and in the matrix results in the dispersion strengthening of beryllium matrix and thereby the higher mys value ; on the contrary, the coarser beo particles clustering on the grain boundaries results in negative influence on o mys

開創性地用預燒結? ?酸洗工藝制備了相同粒度、不同beo含量的鈹粉，從而開展了beo含量單獨對鈹材_ （ mys ）影響的研究，得出一些新的結果：與beo含量相比， beo在鈹中的分佈狀態對_ （ mys ）的影響更大。沿晶界、晶內彌散分佈的較細小beo對基體鈹有彌散強化作用，使_ （ mys ）即較高；如果beo較粗大地成簇狀聚集在晶界，反而對_ （ mys ）有不良的影響。

The methods for predicting foundation settlement in existence are always limited by the simplified presumptive conditions, which as a result causes the inconsistence between the calculated and the observed value

現有地基沉降預測方法受其假設條件與實際存在較大不符的限制，所得沉降預測結果往往與實測沉降值之間存在較大差異。

In civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, making compensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed

第四條民事活動應當遵循自願、公平、等價有償、誠實信用的原則。

Article 4. in civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, making compensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed

第四條民事活動應當遵循自願公平等價有償誠實信用的原則。

Article 4 in civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, making compensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed

第四條民事活動應當遵循自願、公平、等價有償、誠實信用的原則。

The v was tested by yjy stress transducer with mvad card by the methods of recording the deformation in the wideness and thickness direction of the specimens during the tensile test. a stable auxetic polyolefin blend with the minimal value - 1. 4 was observed after repeated test

採用附有mvad通道卡的yjy型片式傳感器，記錄試樣在拉伸過程中寬度和厚度方向的形變並根據泊松比的定義進行計算，反復實驗后獲得最小值為- 1 . 4的負泊松比烯烴共混體系。

A reasonable method to adjust observed coordinate value is put forward for total powerstation traverse in this paper. its validity and feasibility are proved by example

本文依據誤差理論，針對全站儀導線提出了一種合理的對其坐標觀測值進行平差的方法，並用算例驗證了該方法的正確性與可行性。

Abstract : it is observed that the sommerfeld ' s formula for a progressive spherical wave is not covariant with respectro the rotation of the coordinate system. it contains complex partial waves that are not physical. the standing wave representation of the same formula is shown to be covariant and physical. it is applied to solve the boundary value problem of fiber optics. the radiation modes as well as the guided normal modes are obtained in closed forms. the intensity distribution in various modes is obtained. it is remarked that the mode of critical refraction is missing

文摘:說明了球面行波的索末菲公式在坐標轉動下不協變.證明了球面波的駐波表示是協變的，因而是一個物理的關系式，故適用於圓柱坐標中各類波動方程的定解問題.作為一個例，應用於光纖光學，導出了受導簡正模和輻射模的表達式，以及各模式的強度分佈

Through examination of the recession limbs of the observed hydrographs, during periods with no rain and thus no surface runoff, one can determine the value of. for this catchment, a value of 0. 8 is obtained. the simulated subsurface runoff at each grid is routed to the outlets through a unit - hydrograph method for overland flow and the linear saint - venant equation for channel flow to get the discharge at xixian station

對所研究的流域而言，經過估算消退系數為0 . 8 .耦合著這兩種不同地下徑流機制的clm模型都可以計算出每個網格的地表地下徑流深，採用dag lohman 34 ， 35發展的匯流模型進行匯流由於是研究地下徑流，所以取每個網格的地表徑流為0 ，該模型採用單位線計算坡面匯流線性聖維南saint - venant equation進行河道匯流

Perhaps not the less so from feeling a doubt of my positive happiness had my fair cousin honoured me with her hand ; for i have often observed that resignation is never so perfect as when the blessing denied begins to lose somewhat of its value in our estimation

即使蒙我那位美麗的表妹不棄，答應了我的求婚，或許我仍然免不了要懷疑，是否就此會獲得真正的幸福，因為我一向認為，幸福一經拒絕，就不值得我們再加重視。

In other words, an estimate is a specific observed value of a statistic.

就是說，估計值是指統計量的一個具體觀察值。

This counter displays the last observed value. the

此計數器顯示最近的觀察所得值。

It is not an average ; it represents the last observed value

此計數器不是平均值；它表示最近觀察所得值。

The residual value is the observed value at the center minus this average.

從圓心上的觀測值減掉這個平均值，就得到剩餘值。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

This counter is not an average ; it displays only the last observed value

此計數器不是平均值；它只顯示最近觀察所得值。

This counter is not an average ; its value reflects the last observed value

此計數器不是一個平均值；它的值反映了最近觀察所得值。

The proposed model predictive result follows the tracks of the observed value quite well

工業現場數據模擬結果說明該模型能很好地預測4 - cba濃度。

Values is the best predictor that is, the mean of a set of values is often a useful predictor of the next observed value making it the default model

值的均值是最佳預測值（也就是說，一組值的均值通常是下一個觀測值有用的預測值，使之成為預設模型） 。

As per optimal operation pattern function with annuals cycle, each decision of annual cycle and corresponding operating factors in the light of observed value of random variable, regression analysis at each time - interval is carried out and then regression equation will be as the operation function to guide cooperating operation for group hydropower station

依據優化調度模型函數，以年為周期，將各年周期的決策值及其相關的運行要素作為隨機變量的觀測值，逐時段做回歸分析，並將其回歸方程作為指導水電站群聯合運行的調度函數。