official misconduct 中文意思是什麼

official misconduct 解釋
官員瀆職
  • official : adj 1 職務上的，公務上的，官員的，公的；擔任官[公]職的。2 （出自）官方的，法定的，公認的，正式的...
  • misconduct : n 1 行為不正，不規矩；（尤指官吏等的）胡作非為，瀆職。2 通姦。3 辦錯，處置失當。vt 1 辦錯，處理…...
  1. Second chapter analysis the scientific misconduct reason. firstly, it lack science spirit. science spirit is basic moral norm that scientist set up and agreement norm for science study. because of many kinds reasons, the science spirit in the our country ca n ' t develop well, make the growth of science spirit in our country exist serious drawback, cause scholarship atmosphere not well. secondly, the scholarship judge rules have serious drawback. the manage way of quantity not used well for the scholarship management. the quality of the spirit product ca n ' t definition or measure by their quantity. the present scholarship of encourage system exist utility phenomenon, but impatient of scholarship management is the sources that produce large quantity plagiarize. the scholarship periodical uses the manuscript period over long, cause one manuscript give to some periodical. third reason is lacks of supervise, control and make track for the system of punish. the fourth is an administration management to act for the scholarship manages administration right dominate scholarship bushiness, cause official " look for rent " behavior

    由於種種原因，科學共同體的科學精神在我國一直無法得到充分的發展，使得我國學術界的科學精神氣質的發育存在著嚴重的缺陷，由此導致了學風不正。其次是學術評價機制也存在嚴重的缺陷，量化管理方式並不適用於學術管理。學術研究者的精神產品的質量和績效是無法用數量來界定或衡量的，高校的評價機制同樣存在嚴重的缺陷，現在的學術鼓勵制度，存在著明顯的急功近利現象，而急於求成的學術管理正是產生大量學術剽竊、論文抄襲現象的根源之一。
  2. Summing up from the limited case laws, it would appear that the offence covers a situation where a public officer wilfully neglects to perform an official duty. the neglect has to be culpable to such a degree that the misconduct impugned was calculated to injure the public interest so as to call for condemnation and punishment

    但要構成罪行，該項疏忽必須在沒有合理辯解或理由的情況下出現，而有關的不當行為又必須被視為足以損害公眾利益，因而有需要作出譴責及懲罰。
  3. Crime of misconduct in office may be traced back for a long time in history. there is no exception to this in morden or ancient times, in china or elsewhere. in ancient ages, a traditional idea goes : " a wise king does n ' t govern the common people but the official " in china. in light with it. the legislation of the crime of misconduct in office is characterized by its substantial, detailed and complete content

    瀆職犯罪可謂久遠根深，古今中外俱存。我國古代便有「明主治吏不治民」的傳統，反映在立法上，對瀆職犯罪的規定內容龐大、細密完整，其某些立法技術及內容至今仍具有借鑒意義。
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