passive tracking 中文意思是什麼

As an important branch of target tracking techniques, passive target tracking plays important roles in improving the viable ability and battle effectiveness of weapon systems in modern electronic warfares

作為目標跟蹤領域的一個重要分支，被動式跟蹤對于提高武器系統在現代電子戰環境下的生存能力和作戰能力有著重要的研究價值和應用前景。

The passive tracking system with active assistance

基於有源輔助的被動跟蹤系統

Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation

在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。

An algorithm for the moving emitter passive location and tracking based on toa and doa measurements by a single fixed station is given

提出了一種測量目標輻射源脈沖到達時間和到達方向實現固定單站對運動輻射源進行無源定位的演算法。

Appropriate evaluation indexes are established based on the considerations for the missile impact, the target tracking stability and the flight stability of the missile. a simulation program is designed to simulate the missile - ship engagement scenario, and also evaluate the electronic protection capability of the active - passive multimode seeker

分別從反艦導彈彈著點、導引頭目標跟蹤穩定性和反艦導彈飛行穩定性三個方面考慮，研究了評估復合制導反艦導彈主被動復合導引頭抗干擾性能的基本理論和方法，建立了評估指標。

In this paper, there are presented that a single stationary station single target passive bearings - only tracking and data association algorithm and a simplified single stationary station multiple target passive bearing - only tracking and data association algorithm, then a single stationary station multiple target tracking problem can be regarded as a single stationary station single target tracking problem. 3. based on least square method, this paper presents the line - of - sight location method of multiple stationary station single target

針對實際無源探測網路中存在同一探測區域內只布置了一個無源聲音探測傳感器站的情況，給出了一種單靜止站單目標無源純方位定位與跟蹤的演算法，提出了一種簡單的單靜止站多目標無源純方位定位與跟蹤的演算法，從而將單靜止站多目標問題轉化為單靜止站單目標問題。

Although the single passive searching and tracking system with angle only measurement has wide application, but now the corresponding tracking algorithm cannot deal well with the actual problem, and tracking lost often happens

摘要僅有角度量測的被動式單傳感器跟蹤搜索系統有廣泛的應用前景，但現有的針對性跟蹤演算法並不能很好的處理實際問題，失跟現象常常發生。

Passive localization and tracking technology plays an important role in the electronic warfare, because it works silently without any electromagnetic radiation

無源定位跟蹤技術自身不輻射電磁波，具有很好的隱蔽性，在電子對抗具有重要意義。

For large errors introduced by nonlinear state - space model in passive locating and tracking problems, various suboptimal recursive filtering algorithms are aralyzed and summarized, such as the extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), the modified gain extended kalman filtering ( mgekf ), the second order filtering and the adaptive extended kalman filtering ( aekf )

摘要針對被動定位跟蹤中狀態空間模型非線性程度較高所引發的濾波精度偏低的問題，分析和總結了已有的包括推廣卡爾曼濾波（ ekf ） 、修正增益的推廣卡曼濾波（ mgekf ） 、二階濾波、自適應推廣卡爾受濾波（ aekf ）等各種次優遞推濾波演算法的特點。

The single observer passive location and tracking system ( soplat ), which uses electromagnetic wave emitted by target, has proved its merits of self - hiding and far - distance detecting in modern electronic warfare and information warfar

在現代電子戰、信息戰環境中，由於利用目標輻射電磁信息的單站無源探測定位系統具有機動性強、自身隱蔽和探測距離遠等優點，因此它具有重要的應用價值。

The passive location and tracking system, which uses electromagnetic wave emitted by target, has proved its merits of self - hiding and far - distance detecting in modern electronic warfare ( ew ) and information warfare. and it is now the hotspot in the field of non - linear tracking and estimation

在現代電子戰、信息戰環境中，由於利用目標輻射電磁信息的無源探測定位系統具有自身隱蔽和探測距離遠等優點，因此它具有重要的應用價值，並已成為當今非線性跟蹤與估計研究領域的熱點問題。

Also, as the combination of action unit and detection unit, it is very flexible, agile and aggressive and becomes one of the key technologies in warfare. the study in this paper is performed around the key problems of the technology of location and tracking with network of passive airborne radars

機載無源雷達組網作為無源探測和雷達組網的結合兼具二者共同的特點，同時又可以實現偵察平臺與作戰平臺相結合，具有很強的機動性、靈活性和攻擊性，將是今後戰爭中所依賴的關鍵技術之一。

Observability of maneuvering target passive tracking with bearing and doppler measurements

基於方位角和多普勒的機動目標無源定位跟蹤可觀測條件

Essentially, passive localization and tracking technology consists of localization and tracking measure methods and algorithms

無源定位跟蹤技術實質上是定位跟蹤方法和定位跟蹤演算法的融合。

Constraint target passive tracking based on particle filter

基於粒子濾波的約束目標被動跟蹤研究

To solve the resource problem of anti - missile radar omnidirectional and high data rate tracking targets, missile self - position technology to improve missile position precision based on the scheme of passive bd is put forward

摘要為了解決近程防空導彈制導雷達實現全方位、高數據率跟蹤多自標、截獲跟蹤多導彈遇到的資源緊張問題，提出了利用bd無源定位方案實現導彈自定位，提高導彈自定位精度的方法。

The nonlinear problem is inevitable in bearing - only target tracking problem. here the monte carlo based nonlinear filters are compared with the classical extended kalman filter ( ekf ) in this field : the unscented kalman filter ( ukf ), the particle filter ( pf ) and the unscented particle filter ( upf ). furthermore, a multi - sensor passive tracking algorithm, through combining the ukf and probability data association ( pda ), is provided for bearing - only target tracking in dense clutters

本文將典型的montecarlo非線性濾波器? unscentedkalmanfilter （ ukf ） 、 particlefilter （ pf ）和unscentedparticlefilter （ upf ）應用於被動定位跟蹤，並在二維空間目標跟蹤模擬中與經典的擴展卡爾曼濾波演算法（ ekf ）進行了對比；本文將ukf演算法與概率數據關聯演算法（ pda ）相結合，給出了適用於雜波環境下多站被動式跟蹤的ukfpda演算法。

This paper studies on algorithms of multiple moving targets passive tracking and data association in the field of passive acoustic detective network forwarning system, the major contributions and innovations are as following : 1

本文針對無源聲音探測網路預警系統，研究了多運動目標無源跟蹤與數據關聯問題中的相關演算法，主要貢獻與創新在於： 1

These factors make the problem of multiple moving targets passive tracking and data association become especially difficulty, many algorithms become helpless in this problem which are available in active multisensor - multitarget tracking and data association

這些因素導致多運動目標無源跟蹤與數據關聯問題變得異常復雜困難，許多適用於多運動目標有源跟蹤與數據關聯的演算法在這個問題上變得束手無策。

According to the presented sensor array form, the corresponding mathematical mode1 is established, and factors which influence tde accuracy have been analyzed in detail. the influence of tde accuracy to the estimation of tafget distance and bearings estimation is discussed also. meanwhile, the limitation of passive tracking methods and the difference between passive positioning and passive tracldng which based on three - element array are discussed

論文的主要研究工作有以下幾個方面： 1 ）針對三元直線陣的陣列形式，建立了相應的數學模型，對影響時延估計精度的因素進行了詳盡的分析和研究，討論了時延估計精度對目標距離和方位估計精度的影響，並討論了三基元被動定位的局限性以及被動定位和被動跟蹤的差別。