pollution damage 中文意思是什麼

pollution damage 解釋
污染損害
  • pollution : n. 1. 污染（作用）。2. 腐敗，墮落。
  • damage : n 1 損害，損傷；〈口語〉傷害，毀壞。2 〈口語〉費用，代價。3 〈pl 〉 【法律】 賠償損失；賠償金。vt...
  1. Protocol of 1992 to amend the international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage, london, 27. 11. 1992

    1992年11月27日訂于倫敦的修正《國際油污損害民事責任公約》的1992年議定書
  2. Chapter four analyses risks undertaken by the lesser, namely, maritime liens, possessory liens, and civil liability for oil pollution damage

    然後，對出租人作為所有權人所面臨的船舶優先權、留置權、船舶油污損害賠償責任這些特殊風險進行了分析。
  3. To avoid confusion over the applicable law in the civil compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, the relevant domestic laws and the international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage are analyzed

    摘要針對目前我國船舶油污民事賠償責任法律體系中法律適用較混亂的情況，在分析我國現行幾部調整船舶油污民事法律關系的法律及《國際油污損害民事賠償責任公約》之後，從國際條約法和國際私法角度闡述法律的適用問題。
  4. The paper refer to the two oil pollution compensation regimes, one is established by the 1969 international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage and the 1971 international convention on the establishment of an international fund for compensation for oil pollution damage, another is established by the oil pollution act of 1990 of america, combine with the oil pollution compensation cases in recent years, introduce the present situation of oil pollution compensation in our country, discuss several problems in practice of oil pollution compensation, such as the scope of oil pollution compensation, the claimant of oil pollution compensation, the responsible party and liability of oil pollution compensation, the evidence of oil pollution damage case, the limits on liability of oil pollution compensation, present that our country would draft the oil pollution compensation law according to the principles of the oil pollution act of 1990 of america and establish the complete oil pollution compensation regime, which the responsible party and the user of oil joint compensa te the oil pollution damage, expect to completely settle the problems of oil pollution compensation

    本文比較《 69民事責任公約》 、 《 71基金公約》及其議定書和美國《 1990年油污法》建立的兩套油污損害賠償的法律制度，結合近年來油污損害賠償的案例，介紹了我國油污損害賠償的現狀，並就油污染損害賠償實踐中的油污損害賠償范圍、油污損害賠償的索賠主體、油污損害賠償主體和責任、油污損害案件的證據問題、油污損害賠償的責任限制幾個具體法律問題展開討論，提出我國可以重點參照美國《 1990年油污法》制定專門的《油污損害賠償法》 ，建立由污染責任人和油類受益人共同賠償的完整油污損害賠償制度，以期徹底解決油污損害賠償的問題。
  5. From 20 century 60s, continuous world - shaking oil tankers leakage badly polluted ocean, which urge related international conventions and domestic legislation put out objectively, mostly international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage, 1969 and international convention for the establishment of an international fund for compensation for oil pollution damage, 1971

    但是至今，我國未加入《 1971年設立國際油污損害賠償基金公約》 （ fund1971 ） ，國內也沒有相應的賠償基金，因而往往使溢油事故發生后得不到充分的賠償。
  6. The environmental protection departments of the coastal provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government shall be responsible for organizing, coordinating, supervising and inspecting the marine environmental protection work in their respective administrative areas and shall be in charge of environmental protection against pollution damage caused by coastal construction projects and land - sourced pollutants

    沿海省、自治區、直轄市環境保護部門負責組織協調、監督檢查本行政區域的海洋環境保護工作，並主管防止海岸工程和陸源污染物污染損害的環境保護工作。
  7. If the salvor has carried out the salvage operations prescribed in the preceding paragraph and has prevented or minimized pollution damage to the environment, the special compensation payable by the owner to the salvor under paragraph 1 of this article may be increased by an amount up to a maximum of 30 % of the expenses incurred by the salvor

    救助人進行前款規定的救助作業，取得防止或者減少環境污染損害效果的，船舶所有人依照前款規定應當向救助方支付的特別補償可以另行增加，增加的數額可以達到救助費用的百分之三十。
  8. Any vessels carrying more than 2, 000 tons of oil in bulk as cargo shall hold a valid " insurance or other financial security certificate for civil liability against oil pollution damage, " or a " credit certificate for civil liability against oil pollution damage, " or furnish other financial credit guarantees

    載運2 ， 000噸以上的散裝貨油的船舶，應當持有有效的《油污損害民事責任保險或其他財務保證證書》 ，或《油污損害民事責任信用證書》 ，或提供其他財務信用保證。
  9. The owner of a ship registered in a contracting state and carrying more than 2, 000 tons of oil in bulk as cargo shall be required to maintain insurance or other financial security, such as the guarantee of a bank or a certificate delivered by an international compensation fund, in the sums fixed by applying the limits of liability prescribed in article v, paragraph 1 to cover his liability for pollution damage under this convention

    在締約國登記的載運二千噸以上散裝貨油船舶的船舶所有人必須進行保險或取得其他形式的經濟擔保，如銀行保函或由國際保賠基金出具的證書等，按第五條第1款中規定的責任限額確定擔保數額，以便按本公約規定補償船舶所有人對油污損害所應負的責任。
  10. Compensation claims for oil pollution damage caused by a ship carrying more than 2, 000 tons of oil in bulk as cargo that has a valid certificate attesting that the ship has oil pollution liability insurance coverage or other appropriate financial security are not within the scope of sub - paragraph ( 5 ) of the preceding paragraph

    載運2000噸以上的散裝貨油的船舶，持有有效的證書，證明已經進行油污損害民事責任保險或者具有相應的財務保證的，對其造成的油污損害的賠償請求，不屬於前款第（五）項規定的范圍。
  11. Its main contributions in the imo in 2000 concerned standards of training and certification for seafarers, bulk carrier safety, radio communications, revision of the international maritime dangerous goods code, safety of navigation, prevention of pollution and matters relating to liability and compensation for bunker oil pollution damage

    參與的事務主要關乎海員培訓和發證標準、散裝貨船安全、無線電通訊、 《國際海運危險貨物規則》的修訂、航行安全、防污，以及關于裝卸燃料引致油污損害的責任和賠償事宜。
  12. Aimed at the international conventions on the topic, the third chapter undertakes a detailed discussion on the condition of the oil pollution laws from the different operation mechanism angles, such as precaution reaction, technique management, administrative management, liability contribution, and diversification of risk. the forth chapter carries on a reference discussion on two nongovernmental agreements which played an important role in the law practice of oil pollution damage compensation

    第三章主要針對有關船舶油污的國際公約，從預防反應、技術管理、行政管理、責任認定、風險分攤等不同的運行機制角度，對整個國際防止船舶油污立法狀況進行詳細論述。第四章對曾經在船舶油污損害賠償責任法律實踐中起到重要作用的兩個國際民間協定進行了參照論述。
  13. The state administrative department of marine affairs shall be responsible for organizing investigations and monitoring of and exercising surveilance over the marine environment and conducting scientific research therein ; it shall also be in charge of environmental protection against marine pollution damage caused by offshore oil exploration and exploitation and by the dumping of wastes into the sea

    國家海洋管理部門負責組織海洋環境的調查、監測、監視，開展科學研究，並主管防止海洋石油勘探開發和海洋傾廢污染損害的環境保護工作。
  14. " pollution damage to the marine environment " means any direct or indirect introduction of substances or energy into the marine environment which results in deleterious effects such as harm to marine living resources, hazards to human health, hindrance to fishing and other legitimate activities at sea, impairment of the useful quality of sea water and degradation of environmental quality

    一） "海洋環境污染損害"是指直接或間接地把物質或能量引入海洋環境，產生損害海洋生物資源、危害人體健康、妨礙漁業和海上其他合法活動、損壞海水使用素質和減損環境質量等有害影響。
  15. Any claim for compensation for pollution damage may be brought directly against the insurer or other person providing financial security for the owner ' s liability for pollution damage

    可向承擔船舶所有人油污損害責任的保險人或提供經濟擔保的其他人直接提出針對油污損害的任何索賠。
  16. Furthermore, the defendant may avail himself of the defence that the pollution damage resulted from the wilful misconduct of the owner himself, but the defendant shall not avail himself of any other defence which he might have been entitled to invoke in proceedings brought by the owner against him

    除此以外，被告人可以針對由於船舶所有人的有意的不當行為所造成油污損害援用抗辯權，但不得提出他有權在船舶所有人向他提出的訴訟中所援引的答辯。
  17. The dumping entity and those who benefit from the emergency aversion of hazards or life salvage shall make compensation for the pollution damage arising therefrom

    傾倒單位和緊急避險和救助人命的受益者，應對由此所造成的污染損害進行補償。
  18. During the salvage operations, the salvor and the salved party and the master are under an obligation to exercise due care to prevent or minimize pollution damage to the environment

    第四條在救助作業過程中，救助方和被救助方、船長均有義務以應有的謹慎防止或減少環境污染損害。
  19. " pollution damage " means loss or damage caused outside the ship carrying oil by contamination resulting from the escape or discharge of oil from the ship, wherever such escape or discharge may occur, and includes the costs of preventive measures and further loss or damage caused by preventive measures

    「油污損害」是指無論任何可能發生逸出或排放油類的地點，由於船舶逸出或排放油類的行為后，在運油船舶本身以外因污染而造成的污染滅失或損害，包括防護性措施的費用以及由於採取防護性措施而造成的進一步滅失或損害。
  20. When oil has escaped or has been discharged from two or more ships, and pollution damage results therefrom, the owners of all the ships concerned, unless exonerated under article iii, shall be jointly and severally liable for all such damage which is not reasonably separable

    如發生兩艘或多艘船舶逸出或排放油類，因而造成油污損害時，則全部相關船舶的所有人，除非依第三條免責，都應對不能合理分割的損害連帶地和個別地負責任。
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