present value concept 中文意思是什麼
present value concept
解釋
現值概念-
This text begins with analysis that our country appraises the confusion of the system at present in real example, exposing ontology question of the scientific knowledge in terms of philosophy of science, regarding this as the platform, the text has analysed the concept of the scientific evidence, procedure function of the scientific evidence, studied the value of the scientific evidence, put forward standard that scientific evidence can adopt should be : the scientific knowledge of the basis has validity, relevancy with the factum probanda the method and conclusion have reliability
本文以法官如何審查認定科學證據，限制專家話語權擴張對糾紛解決機制的侵襲為立論平臺，從實證分析我國目前鑒定體制的混亂切入，從科學哲學的角度闡述了科學知識的本體論問題，以此為平臺，分析了科學證據的概念、科學證據的程序功能，研究了科學證據的價值，提出科學證據可採的標準應當是：依據的科學知識具有有效性，與待證事實具有相關性，方法和結論具有可靠性。 -
In charpter 1, a compare research was made to the major value for that wto basic principle embodies concept and the present administrative value concept of our country. the conclusion is : the existent plenty of not fair, not just phenomenons of society need to be heavy urgently to mould our value concept according to law administrative, which establish value concept of the fair leading and promotes efficiency
第一章主要對wto基本原則所體現的價值理念與我國目前行政價值理念進行比較研究，得出結論是：目前社會存在的大量不公平、不公正現象，急需重塑我們依法行政的價值理念，從而確立公平主導、促進效率的價值理念。 -
Creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design
基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響 -
Abstract : creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design
文摘:基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響 -
From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered
第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。 -
This text has a foothold to develop the trend in the research our country competition of the telecommunication industry and it. first this text introduced the basic concept of etc. of telecommunication industry network, the telecommunication industry business, analyzing the development stage of the economic characteristics, the telecommunication industry of the basic characteristic, the telecommunication industry of the telecommunication industry ; connect down to the telecommunication industry of present condition and existent problem carried on the point to discuss, and put forward 9 : 00 solution to these problems writer ; finally the writer points out the development target of the our country telecommunication industry and the competition trend of the development strategy and our country the telecommunication industries. the writer expects this text ability to the development of the our country telecommunication industry the competition contain certain reference value
本文立足於研究我國電信產業的競爭及其發展趨勢。首先本文介紹了電信產業網路、電信產業業務等基本概念，分析了電信產業的基本特徵、電信產業的經濟特點、電信產業的發展階段;接下來對電信產業的現狀和存在的問題進行了重點論述，並針對這些問題筆者提出了九點解決方案;最後筆者指出我國電信產業的發展目標和發展策略及我國電信產業的競爭趨勢。筆者期望本文能對我國電信產業的發展競爭有一定的參考價值。 -
All these problems make human resource value accounting have trouble in being brought into the traditional accounting system. from the view of many arguments about basic theories which exist in human resource value accounting, the paper aims at some of which have not been reached agreements to present own thoughts : to define the concept and feature of " human resource ", and financial implication feature and measurement of " human capital " ; to divide human assets into two parts : human assets in liabilities and human assets in owner ' s equity ; to study the reason why people should share additional profits and the proportion and so on
本文從探討理論界對人力資源價值會計的基本理論存在的種種爭論入手，針對尚沒有達成共識的問題提出自己的見解：界定了人力資源的概念和性質、人力資本的財務含義、性質及度量方法，將人力資產分為債務型人力資產和權益型人力資產兩部分，探討了人力資本所有者參與企業超額利潤分配的原因和分配比例等等一系列問題，以期建立起人力資源價值會計賴以建立的理論基石。 -
Study work mainly is : part one, look back and look ahead the financial development history and present situation that derives market and the futuristic tendency, summarize domestic and international theory and method about venture capital investment, discuss establishment and develop the financial necessariness and important meaning of our country that derives market ; part two, establishthe relation between investment risk and the radom expectation effectiveness of investor ? verage stochastic dominance of asset profit ; part three, covari - ance matrix in mean - variance model is analysed with sensitivity analysis and fuzzy analysis ; part four, have looked back the concept of option, the price relation of option and black - scholes option price formula, have put forward option price formula of the discounted value of option present value ; part five, have looked back the financial concept and its classfication that financial derivatives risk, have summarized financial risk management theory, measured and assessed methods of financial derivatives risk
主要研究工作為：第一章，回顧和展望金融衍生市場的發展歷史、現狀和未來，綜述國內外關于風險投資的理論與方法，論述建立和發展我國金融衍生市場的必要性及重要意義；第二章，建立投資者的隨機期望效用與投資風險之間的關系? ?平均隨機占優；第三章，均值方差模型協方差矩陣的靈敏度分析與模糊分析；第四章，回顧了期權的概念、期權的價格關系和black - scholes期權定價公式，提出了歐式看漲期權價格的折現值所滿足的微分方程；第五章，回顧了金融衍生品風險的概念及其分類，總結了金融衍生品的風險管理理論和金融衍生品風險計量和評估方法。 -
From the broad definition of option, this paper derives the concept of real option. further, based on theories of net present value, decision tree, and real options, the risk - neutral pricing theory is introduced
本文從廣義的期權定義中引出實物期權的概念，從凈現值、決策樹和實物期權的比較著手，引入風險中性定價理論。 -
2. base on the analysis of present research of web - based capp, the importance of process planning in a product lifecycle and the collaborative value network concept model of manufacturing enterprise, this dissertation is the first to present the strategy of contemporary capp information management that is plm - oriented web - based collaborative process planning in the distributed, heterogeneous and dynamic enterprise application environment
在分析基於web協同的capp系統研究現狀、工藝設計在產品全生命周期中重要性以及製造企業價值網路協同概念模型的基礎上，首次提出了分佈異構動態企業應用環境下，現代capp信息管理策略? ?面向產品全生命周期的web協同工藝設計，包括基本概念、四個主要觀點以及解決方案。 -
This paper begins with the summary of concept model and evaluation model of customer satisfaction theory and its measurement methods, and introduces the measurement model and evaluation indices system used in this paper ; then it explains how to analysis the results by using the matrix of satisfaction - importance with the combination of classify of measurement indices ; and when it comes to the research on the value relationship between customer satisfaction and performance, this paper establishes the shine model, which describes the relation between satisfaction indices, service function and enterprises " activities. then it conies up with the thoughts system of performance management for service enterprises. at last, it analysis " the present situation of customer satisfaction with shijiazhuang branch of railway communication and information co. ltd
本文先後從概念模型研究和度量模型兩方面綜述了顧客滿意的基本理論及測度方法，並介紹了本研究採用的測量模型和評價指標體系；進而闡述了如何用滿意度? ?重要度矩陣結合按相關性的指標分類來對測評結果進行分析；然後，在研究顧客滿意與企業績效的價值關系時，構建了顧客滿意測評指標、服務屬性和企業活動之間的映射模型；接著提出了績效管理的基本思想體系；最後，針對鐵通石家莊分公司用戶滿意度狀況進行了實例分析。 -
Furthermore, in the original of michael porter, analysis was made on the strategic efficiency based on a given value chain, with no emphasis on the strategic basis of the value chain structure. this was perhaps the main reason of miss - reading, misunderstanding and misusing of the value chain by the business circle or even the academic circle. confronting with this blank in the research area and the present status of the mechanical application, conscientiously or non - conscientiously, of the concept, this paper set forth a goal of clarifying the relation of strategy and value chain and of laying a solid foundation for the value chain structure
為此本文以嚴守價值鏈的基本概念的態度，遵循企業經營管理展開始於戰略的基本路徑，沿著價值鏈的構造必須建築于深入的戰略分析研究的基礎之上的思路，展開了對價值鏈優化構造的戰略基礎這一命題的研究，並以價值鏈是應對激烈競爭、改變傳統經營模式和恢復或提升競爭能力的現實要求中產生的研究結果作為引導，通過正確的解釋價值鏈的概念、結構和性質，告訴試圖應用價值鏈以解決企業經營實際問題的企業家和管理者們，價值鏈是一個將企業/事業競爭戰略與戰略實施展開的底層作業結合在一起的模式框架，所以缺失了哪一個層面的細致深入的研究而構造的價值鏈都不可能具有內在的有效性。 -
Based on the reflection on the present graduate education ideology, the author demonstrates the foundation on which the fundamental category of graduate education ideology was established ， endows with the fundamental connotation of graduate education ideology, which includes seven fundamental categories : talent view 、 quality concept 、 value 、 development view 、 pattern view 、 administrative concept 、 estimation and so on
作者反思了研究生教育思想的現狀，論證了研究生教育思想基本范疇確立的依據，並賦予了教育思想范疇的基本內涵，認為研究生教育思想基本范疇包含人才觀、質量觀、價值觀、發展觀、模式觀、管理觀、評價觀等七個方面。 -
Through expounding the concept of tax planning, the objective condition of tax planning, the rationality and the certainty of tax planning under current tax system, the preparation of tax planning and the method of tax planning, combining the concrete conditions of jinan weiming industry company, integrating the practice with the theory, the thesis adopts the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis, provide an overall tax planning for jinan weiming industry company on such 9 fields related to tax as the taxpayer ' s identity of value - added tax, buying and selling activities, hotels renting and pooling, freight charges, enterprise present, economic contracts, bad account transfer, advertisement models and depreciation with the aid of the number analysis, the charts and the mathematic tools
本文在通過對納稅籌劃概念、納稅籌劃產生的客觀條件、現行稅制下企業納稅籌劃必然性和合理性的分析、納稅籌劃的準備工作以及納稅籌劃方法進行理論闡述之後，結合濟南偉民實業總公司的具體情況，通過理論聯系實際，採用定性與定量分析相結合的方法，藉助于數字分析，表格，數學工具等形式對濟南偉民實業總公司包括增值稅納稅人身份、購銷活動、酒店出租與聯營、運費、企業捐贈、經濟合同、壞帳轉銷、廣告宣傳方式和固定資產折舊等九個涉稅事項進行了納稅籌劃。通過本論文的撰寫，幫助濟南偉民實業總公司通過合理納稅籌劃，提高企業經濟效益，增強企業競爭力。 -
Moreover, a concept model for the service market, a detailed analysis on the service function on telecom products market and its economic and social benefit have been designed and made in this paper. furthermore, it formulates the developing strategies for the telecom service market in consideration of many aspects such as the developing phase and frame of the service market, service model, market strategy, combination of service and market and future developing direction, etc. the paper also analyzes the example of service system of foreign telecom suppliers. the suppliers should provide low - cost and high - value service for telecom operators, and help the operators to strengthen their core competition ability for the enterprises, at the same time, the suppliers will transfer their service model from present open model to a new value added model gradually
本文從電信產品服務的現狀出發，深入研究了其存在的問題和採取的相關對策，設計服務市場的概念模型，詳細分析了服務對電信產品市場的作用及其所產生的經濟、社會效益，並從服務市場的開發階段、電信業的服務市場架構、服務模式、供應商的服務市場戰略、服務與市場融合及服務市場未來發展方向等方面重點闡述了電信服務市場的開發策略，並進行了相關國外電信供應商的服務體系實例分析，說明供應商應為運營客戶提供低成本、高增值的服務，協助其提升企業核心競爭力，同時供應商的服務模式也將從現有的粗放型逐步轉換成有償增值服務的新模式，通過該新模式運作力求客戶滿意與公司效益的平衡，在保證客戶滿意的原則下，既增長客戶所需求價值，又能同時增強公司的核心競爭力，力求實現客戶滿意和公司滿意的雙贏目標。 -
This text from open the present condition of the exhibition engineering economic evaluation of the construction item to set out at home and abroad, to the engineering construction that this text mention investment item of the concept, scope carried on a define, the basic principle of basic characteristic, economic evaluation elaborated engineering construction an investment item, the classification discussed the time type, value type in the index sign system, ratio type an evaluation index sign in detail also, constucting investment item finance to evaluate to the engineering medium of the mathematics model in the estimate, finance of the foundation data evaluation, evaluate the accrual ability of index sign, item and liquidated ability and sensitivity to carry on analysis
經濟評價的核心是考察分析工程建設投資項目的經濟效益和社會效益。本文從國內外開展工程建設項目經濟評價的現狀出發，對本文所提及的工程建設投資項目的概念、范圍進行了界定，闡述了工程建設投資項目的基本特性、經濟評價的基本原則，分類並詳細論述了指標體系中的時間型、價值型、比率型評價指標，對工程建設投資項目財務評價中的基礎數據預測、財務評價中的數學模型、評價指標、項目的獲利能力、清償能力和敏感性進行了分析。 -
Finally, this article points out that the traditional method of net present value has the defect to assessing investment decision of company, also proves that investment of the company has the characteristic of the american call option through introducing the concept of the option of investment and the material object option
最後，本文將在指出傳統的凈現值法在評估公司投資決策缺陷的基礎上，通過引入投資期權和實物期權的概念，來論證公司的投資決策具有美式看漲期權的特性。 -
The paper carries out a research into the problem of the reception on the field of the ideological and political education. lt is divided into five parts : in the first part, the paper makes an on - the - spot investigation about the history and present condition of reception theory, especially the western reception theory, and appraises it from the marxist stand and viewpoint in order to form the investigative premise and basis. in the second part, the paper differentiates between the reception of scientific knowledge and the reception of knowledge of the value from the reception of the moral object, and by means of comparative investigation, interprets the concept of the reception of the ideological and political education, promulates the traits of the reception of the ideological and political education and analyses the type of the reception of the ideological and political education. in the third part, through analyzing the essential factors of the reception of the ideological and political education and their relations, the paper makes the sructure of the reception of the ideological and political education, and researches its traits to a certain extent
全文共分五個部分：第一部分考察接受理論尤其是西方接受理論的歷史和現狀，並用馬克思主義觀點和方法對之作扼要的評述，確立本課題研究的理論前提和依據；第二部分從精神客體的接受活動中區分出對科學認識成果的接受和對價值認識成果的接受，在兩者的比較研究中界定思想政治教育接受的概念、揭示思想政治教育接受的特徵、分析思想政治教育接受的類型；第三部分通過對思想政治教育接受的構成要素及構成要素間關系的分析，來建構思想政治教育接受的結構模式，並對其特徵進行一定的研究；第四部分在結構分析的基礎上，從接受的主體性要素的作用角度著重分析思想政治教育接受的動力機制、導向機制、加工機制和調節機制，從而獲得關於思想政治教育接受活動運行的規律性認識，揭開「接受」之謎；第五部分以關於思想政治教育接受的規律性認識為依託，從影響思想政治教育接受活動的客體性要素入手，提出思想政治教育接受優化的方略。
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