price and bargaining 中文意思是什麼

price and bargaining 解釋
價格和討價還價
  • price : n 普賴斯〈姓氏〉。n 1 價格，價錢；市價；代價；費用。2 報酬；懸賞；交換物；〈美俚〉錢；（為取得某...
  • and : n. 1. 附加條件。2. 〈常 pl. 〉附加細節。
  • bargaining : n. 1. 討價還價，議價。2. 交涉；契約。
  1. This paper deeply analyzes and describes the dynamic price mechanism in two aspects : first, through basic matching, the matchmaking agent decides the bargaining collection and the bargaining price. besides, the bargaining agents ( including the purchaser agent and bargainer agent ) dynamically decide the strategy of biding and progress through learning according to either historical experience or practical environment

    論文中從兩個方面深入的分析和設計了動態價格機制：一是在撮合主體中通過基本匹配動態確定交易對集以及交易價格；其二是在交易主體（買賣方主體）中通過學習（根據歷史經驗學習、從現場環境中學習）動態確定出價要價策略（競標價格策略） 。
  2. After the effective interval is analyzed, the dissertation moves on to the bargaining process, which is divided into two different stages, information exchanging and bargaining. quoting - dickering occurs in the stage of information exchanging, but it is different from that in the stage of bargaining. the former can be interpreted as that a stable " common interval " are introduced by all kinds of information exchanging, in which the trade ceases if any party expects the final price is not in the interval and the other can not change his expectation

    信息交換階段雖然也有「報價還價」的現象，但是此時的「報價還價」不同於討價還價階段的「報價還價」 ，因為前者是在進行信息交換並通過各種可能的信息交換方式來得到一個穩定的「共同區間」 ，當交易雙方中任一方對于在共同區間內最終成交價格的預期不在有效區間內時，如果另一方不能使其預期發生改變並在有效區間的范圍內，那麼交易就會中止；而此時的「報價還價」就是各種信息交換方式中的一種。
  3. The price of labor is sometimes determined through collective bargaining between a union and an employer or his representative.

    勞動力的價格有時是通過工會和它的僱主或僱主代表進行集體談判決定的。
  4. But jade is difficult to price, and bargaining is best left to the experts. a little further north, on tung choi street, is ladies market, the daylight equivalent of temple street night market

    小至精緻香囊錦盒飾物和精緻容器，大至巨形人物塑像，玉石擺設等，林林總總，只要到百貨公司和市集逛逛，保證滿載而歸。
  5. This phenomenon is prominent especially among the privately owned companies recently. in my thesis, i have discussed the forming, classifying, characters and actuality of shell resource of the stock market in our nation, also systematically analyzed the price of bargaining and the influence factors, in a detail analyzed its movitity and choose of utilizing shell resource, actively thought of and research the efficiency and the shareholder ' s fortune

    在殼資源利用過程中，買殼方和賣殼方考慮的核心問題是殼公司的定價問題，本文通過評價國內外對殼公司定價的方法之後，利用成本收益法對買殼上市行為進行了成本收益分析，得出殼資源交易的邊際價格，並且根據邊際價格公式發現價格受到殼公司資產流動性、籌資成本等因素的影響。
  6. The infomediary is able to empower buyers with information from which they could experience significant increase in bargaining power. this includes price and product comparisons, market trends update, and other market information

    資訊中介可以為買家提供資料，加強他們的議價能力，其中包括貨物和價格的比較、市場最新動向等資訊。
  7. After the calculation, revision and test of the bargaining price data on market of 2000, we could evaluate the datum land price on land distinctions and types of the main urban zone of chongqing

    在對市場交易地價資料進行了計算、修正和檢驗后，即可以利用樣點地價評估重慶市主城區分類分級基準地價。
  8. The cognizance of crime concerning the control of futures bargaining price and its prevention amp; amp; control

    操縱期貨交易價格犯罪的認定及防控對策
  9. Bargaining has been discussed in many models, but few papers are focused on the price interval and the explicit bargaining interval based on it acceptable for the sellers and buyers, both parties in the bargaining. the bargaining interval is a determined condition in existing studies, but how to find the interval is not presented. this issue is the above all problem in the dissertation

    雖然，已經有一些模型分析過討價還價問題，但是，對于討價還價過程中的交易雙方? ?賣者和買者的可接受價格區間，以及在此基礎上一個明確的討價還價區間問題，這方面的分析卻鮮見闡述，並且已有的研究是將這么一個討價還價區間作為一個給定條件加以考慮的，但是如何得到這個區間，卻沒有進行分析，這，就是論文首先要考慮的問題。
  10. The paper starts from the price interval acceptable for the traders in the commodity selection, and then discusses the optimal opportunity selection according to traders " market information and their own utilities. thus, the concept of effective interval is presented in this dissertation, which is how to choose commodities and traders at the beginning of bargaining

    論文先從交易者在商品選擇過程中可接受的價格區間入手，根據交易者擁有的市場信息和其自身的效用評價等因素來考慮最優的機會選擇，這樣，在機會選擇的基礎上就可以分析得到一個討價還價過程中的「有效區間」的概念。
  11. This thesis introduces the definition and main contents of spinning reserve, renders the model of defining the spot price of spinning reserve according to the marginal cost pricing, and exploit the software system of pricing and bargaining, by which we analyze the grid of central china

    論文重點研究了旋轉備用容量的定價理論，給出了以邊際成本來確定旋轉備用容量電價的模型方法，開發了旋轉備用最優定價與交易的軟體系統，並應用該軟體對華中電網進行了實例計算分析。
  12. The course of commercial bargaining is very complicated, and there are many variables relating to the course of bargaining. in order to simplify the problem, this paper mainly researches the deciding dynamic price model in the commercial bargaining. at the same time, some important indexes such as bargaining quantity and the time participating in the bargaining are considered

    由於商務交易本身的復雜性，交易過程所涉及的因變量眾多，為了使問題盡量簡化，論文主要研究了商務交易中交易價格的動態確定模型，同時還考慮了交易量以及參與交易的時間等幾個重要指標。
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