principles of economics 中文意思是什麼

principles of economics 解釋
格里高力曼昆的經濟學原理
  • principles : 法則
  • of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
  • economics : n. 1. 經濟學。2. （國家的）經濟（狀況）；經濟。
  1. Many economists, from adam smith, carl marx, marshall to bain, galbraith and chandler, have treatises on the tendency of enterprises " becoming larger. in more than two hundred years, we can see the track of their thought in their respective works : the wealth of the nations, principles of economics, the theory of industrial organization, monopoly and economic concentration, and visible hand

    關于企業大型化的趨勢從亞當?斯密開始，經馬克思、馬歇爾、到貝恩、加爾布雷斯和小艾爾弗雷德?錢德勒，二百多年來，國外學者論著眾多，我們可以從《國富論》 、 《資本論》 、 《經濟學原理》 、 《產業組織論》 、 《新產業國家》和《看得見的手》等系列文獻中看到他們的理論思想軌跡。
  2. This paper, takes rli as an object of study, takes property rights relationship and management relationship of rural land as a main clue, takes raising the management benefit into full play of rural land and ensuring rural land sustainable utilization as objective, uses the theory of western institution economics and market economics for reference, adopts the method of study of combining macro analysis with microanalysis and combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, reviews systematically the developing process of rli in china since the founding of our country and the developing tendency of rli in the world, summarizes the influence law of rli to rural land management benefit, analyses the innovative mechanis m. institutive achievement and being faced with difficult position and gauntlet of the present rli in china, and defines the objective and following principles of rli innovation proceeding from the actual conditions of our country. on the basis of these, constructs the innovative models by stages of rural land property rights institution and management institution, which accords with the market economic law and the law by stages of rural economic developing levels and gives consideration to efficiency and fair

    本文以農村土地制度為研究對象，以農村土地的產權關系和經營關系為主線，以農村經濟發展水平（包括農村生產力發展水平和農村工業化、城鎮化水平）和農民的承受能力為依據，以最大限度地提高農地經營效益、確保農地資源的可持續利用為目的，借鑒西方新制度經濟學理論和市場經濟理論，採用宏觀分析與微觀分析、定量分析與定性分析、規范研究與實證研究相結合的研究方法，系統地回顧了建國后我國農地制度的演變過程及世界農地制度的演變趨勢，總結了農地制度對農地經營效益的影響規律，分析了我國現行的家庭承包經營責任制的創新機理、制度績效及其面臨的困境與挑戰，並從我國的實際出發，確定了農地制度創新的目標及應遵循的原則，在此基礎上構建符了符合市場經濟規律和農村經濟發展水平的階段性規律、兼顧效率和社會公平的階段性農地產權制度創新模式及其對應的經營制度創新模式。
  3. The principles of economics of languages in internet catchphrases

    網路流行語的語言經濟學原則
  4. I major in business english. the main courses i have studied are the basic courses for english majors, french, fundamentals of business, macroeconomics, microeconomics, international commercial law, internatioal trade, the economics of money, banking and financial market & principles of marketing during my college time, i study hard, and get good marks in most of the subjects. i pay attention not only to my study but also to improving my social abilities, i taught in qin huangdao chuangzhi foreign studies school from july 2003 to 2004, was an interpreter for the world bicycle championships b 2001 in june 2001, taught in qin huangdao cambridge school from mar. 2001 to sep. 2001, and i have abundant house - teaching experiences. what ' s more, i practised in qin huangdao chia tai co. in jan. 2003. i also tried my best to improve my other abilities besides my major, such as computer, managing abilities. i got " 1st grade " in the " hebei college students ' plan for company - creating contest " ( our work will participate in the national college students ' plan for company - creating contest ), and got " excellent " in the " web - making contest " of yanshan university

    大學期間，我嚴格遵守學校規章制度，尊敬師長、團結同學，有很強的集體榮譽感；學習認真刻苦，成績良好，我的專業學習涉及內容相當廣泛，包括英語的所有基礎課和國際商法、市場營銷、國際貿易、國際金融、工商導論、宏微觀經濟學等；重視理論聯系實際，在學好專業課的基礎上，積極參加各項社會實踐、實習活動， 2001年6月，我曾為世界b級自行車錦標賽（中國?秦皇島）擔當翻譯工作，在多所外語學校擔任英語教師，還多次為北方物流置業有限公司（國家、河北省重點建設項目）翻譯招商材料，而且2002年年底，在秦皇島正大有限責任公司行銷部實習；在學好專業課的同時，為了補充和擴展自己的知識面，我廣泛涉獵其他學科的知識，如計算機、網路、創業等，盡量使自身更快成長為一專多能型人才， 2002年4月開始參加燕山大學學生創業計劃大賽，並在2003年上半年參加了河北省大學生創業計劃大賽，獲得了一等獎的優異成績，並將報送參加國家大學生「世紀杯」創業計劃大賽， 2002年4月，參加燕山大學「綠色網路」網頁製作大賽，獲得了優秀獎。 。
  5. This paper adopts the method of positive study and normative study, and quantitative analysis is combined with qualitative analysis in the paper. this paper uses the basic theory principles of industrial economics, regional economics, economical geography, urban geography and sustainable development that are for industry transformation. the author takes example of daqing city, which is a typical resource - based city to research the transformation guide rules, model, key strategic point and implementation of the strategy for the maturity rsource - based cities

    本文用規范研究與實證研究相結合的方法，以定性與定量結合，運用產業經濟學、區域經濟學、社會學、經濟地理學、城市地理學、可持續發展等有關產業轉型的基本原理，以典型的資源型城市大慶市為例，對處于成熟期的資源型城市發展接續產業的基本思路、戰略選擇以及實施措施進行了探討。
  6. Starting with the traditional theory of industrial cluster, taking the fundamental principles of industrial economics, ecological economics and west economics, and on the basis of the present situation of the high - tech industrial clusters of each country all over the world, and trying to construct a comparatively complete theoretical system of the high - tech industrial cluster theory, including high - tech linkage theory, high - tech convergence theory, high - tech coexistence theory, high - tech ecology theory etc. putting forward the scope of high - tech industrial cluster theory and bringing to light the inner relationship of the high - tech industrial cluster

    本文從產業聚群的傳統理論入手，以產業經濟學、生態經濟學、西方經濟學的基本原理為工具，以國內外高技術產業聚群區的發展現狀為研究基礎，構建了以高技術產業關聯理論、高技術產業波及理論、高技術產業共生理論、高技術產業融合理論、以及高技術產業生態理論五大理論為支柱的高技術產業聚群理論體系，提出了高技術產業聚群理論的研究范疇，並在該理論體系的基礎上進一步分析了高技術產業聚群現象的內在理論依據，揭示了高技術產業聚群的內在機理。
  7. This thesis will explore the problem in developed countries vertically and the problem in developing countries and china horizontally. in the paper the basic principles of development economics and institutional economics will be employed comprehensively

    本文綜合運用發展經濟學、制度經濟學的一般原理，既從縱向上研究發達國家的貧困問題，同時也從橫向比較上研究發展中國家以及中國的貧困問題。
  8. It also shows the two principal methods to measure and evaluate the extent of equity, and summarizes the gains and losses, the success and failure that china has made during the decades of planning economy and socialist market economy. after that, the thesis makes an empirical study on the status of equity and efficiency and their relationship in some other countries in the world. at last, using the experience on the issue of equity and efficiency of other countries for reference, and employing the fundamental principles of marxism " political economics and the general approaches of the western economics, the thesis analyzes and demonstrates the issue of equity and efficiency during the process of modernization in china, and proposes the view that china should realize the sound interaction of equity and efficiency basing itself upon the reality and taking a broad view of the future

    本文採取理論研究與實證分析相結合的方法，在搜集和查閱了大量國內外文獻資料的基礎上，詳細介紹了國內外關于效率與公平的概念、分類和相互關系的認識、主張和觀點，介紹了對公平度進行評價的兩種主要方法，總結了中國幾十年計劃經濟和社會主義市場經濟的得失成敗，並對世界主要國家公平與效率的狀況及其結合狀態進行了深入的實證研究，在借鑒世界各國關于效率與公平問題的實踐和經驗教訓的基礎上，運用馬克思主義政治經濟學的基本原理，借鑒西方經濟學的一般方法對中國現代化進程中效率與公平的問題進行了全面、嚴密的分析與論證，提出了社會主義初級階段正確處理公平與效率問題的思路和原則及「立足現實，著眼長遠，實現公平與效率良性互動」觀點。
  9. A kind of networking and adaptive ecological economy operated according to the principles of ecological - economics of “ totality, co - evolution, recycling and self - reliance ”, having high efficiency of resource use, and harmony with surrounding life - support ecosystem

    循環經濟是按生態經濟原理組織起來的基於生態系統承載能力、具有高效的經濟過程及整體、協同、循環、自生功能的網路型、進化型復合生態經濟。
  10. This article begins with definition of hi - tech, uses some principles of the investment economics and analyzes the games between venture capitalists and venture entrepreneur

    本文從高技術的界定入手，運用投資經濟學的部分原理，分析了風險投資中風險投資家和風險企業家的投資博弈行為。
  11. Starting with the traditional theory of biologic symbiosis and industry economics, taking the fundamental principles of industrial economics, ecological economics, western economics and game theory, and on the basis of the present situation of the high - tech industrial clusters of each country all over the world, this paper researches into the deep economic roots of industrial symbiosis, mainly analyzes the special mechanism of innovation from the high - tech industrial symbiotic units, and it takes the example of the symbiotic relationship between multinational corporations and domestic hi - tech enterprises, anatomizes different internal and external symbiotic relations of high - tech industry. in addition to all above mentioned, this essay aims to offer gist of the routes choosing of the high - tech industry based on symbiotic theory, and brings forward a series of improving measures to create an better symbiotic environment for high - tech industry

    本文從生物共生理論與傳統產業經濟理論入手，在前人研究的一些有關共生經濟的基本概念和原理的基礎上，通過產業經濟學、生態經濟學、西方經濟學、博弈論等基本理論工具，探究了產業共生現象的深刻經濟根源，重點分析了產業共生體所帶來的特有的創新優勢的機理機制，並以跨國公司與我國高技術企業之間的共生關系為典型案例，剖析了高技術產業不同層次上的共生關系，從高技術本身的共生性，到高技術企業內部的各主體，以及同一產業鏈條上的不同的企業之間和高技術產業與其他產業之間的各種共生關系都是文章所要探討的重點。
  12. Concerning the securities investment ， via understanding the essence of investment & speculation practices, knowing how to forecast with principles of economics, probing into the essences and natures about securities market, studying at the strategies and applicability of the four famous analyses, let corporations accurately & systemically master the investment theories and strategies, establish the right investment philosophy and methodology ， recognize the rules about securities market, therefore better guide their investment practices on both domestic and international securities markets

    圍繞證券投資，通過對投資/投機活動的本質性認識，經濟學的預測原理，證券市場特徵及其本性的探索，以及四大分析流派的投資策略及適用性分析，旨在讓投資企業和投資機構準確、全面地理解投資理論和投資戰略，建立正確的投資哲學觀和方法論，認清證券市場存在的規律性，從而更好地指導國內、國際證券投資市場的投資實踐活動。
  13. With regard to the existing problems in the implementation of current water resources fee institution in china, according to the basic principles of economics, through nonnative analysis and based on analysis of necessity and feasibility, the viewpoint of " tax - for - fees reform " for water resources fee is put forward, and its systematic framework is also established

    摘要針對我國現行水資源費制度實施中存在的問題，依據經濟學的基本原理，以規范分析為主，在必要性與可行性分析的基礎上，提出水資源費「費改稅」的觀點，並構建了水資源費改稅的系統框架。
  14. In 1890, alfred marshall has integrated fruits of economics research ever since adam smith into a masterpiece book principles of economics. his idea of value equilibrium based upon costs of production and marginal utility theories is still the central guiding principal in market resources allocation research

    1890年，馬歇爾對經濟學產生以來，主要是亞當?斯密以來的經濟學發展進行過一次綜合，他的《經濟學原理》一書，是古典經濟學的集大成之作。
  15. Under analyzing the situation of rapid development of china auto and parts, the paper mainly explores the characteristic of auto parts enterprises and the status of china auto parts enterprises. regarding to the situation which china auto industry is facing of, the paper synthetically uses fundamentals of technology innovation and basic principles of economics and management, systemically analyses and researches about building the technology innovation system of auto parts enterprises and selecting the effective approaches of technology innovation of national auto parts enterprises at present ; discusses the method of project management, and forecasts the development trend of technology innovation of auto parts enterprises in china, testifies the technology innovation practices of yangzhou auto plastic parts co., ltd. which has the typical feature of national auto parts enterprise in the current stage and proposes the suggestion for the improvement

    本文在分析我國汽車及零部件工業快速發展的形勢下，重點探討了汽車零部件企業的特點與我國汽車零部件企業的現狀，針對我國汽車零部件企業面臨的形勢，綜合運用技術創新的基本理論和經濟學、管理學的基本原理，對汽車零部件企業的技術創新體系的建立及目前我國汽車零部件企業技術創新有效途徑的選擇進行了系統的分析研究，對汽車零部件企業技術創新體系的建設及項目的具體管理方法進行了研究論述，並預測了我國汽車零部件企業技術創新進一步發展趨勢，對具有現階段我國汽車零部件企業典型特徵的揚州亞普汽車塑料件有限公司的技術創新進行實證分析，提出進一步提高改進的建議。
  16. With the above quotation, alfred marshall opens his famous "principles of economics".

    阿弗里德馬歇爾用上面所引的話開始了他的名著《經濟學原理》。
  17. Because many economists and management experts study the problem from their fields, the principles of economics and management also help us study the problem through the legal way

    經濟學家和管理專家從他們的角度分析這個問題，因此，公司治理機制形成的經濟學和管理學原理也有助於我們從法律的角度研究這個問題。
  18. With the above quotation, alfred marshall opens his famous " principles of economics "

    阿弗里德?馬歇爾用上面所引的話開始了他的名著《經濟學原理》 。
  19. In order to understand how different cultural factors have effected different national institutional innovations and economic developments and, in particular to understand how north ' s theory is able to explain the institutional reforms and innovations in latecomers, this dissertation plans to explore the historical background of each institutional innovator, with the application of marxist theories in analyzing and explaining the institutional principles of economics of the institutional formation and development in major latecomers under the different cultural background. the research focus extends from contemporary time into the historical process of those latecomers in catching - up with and surpassing the great britain in the 18th and 19th centuries. it examines how different interest groups used games to lead different process and to different results in the implementation process of the catch - up with and surpassing strategies in those latecomers under different or similar cultural settings

    為了能夠更好地理解和懂得不同文化因素是如何影響不同國家的制度創新和經濟發展業績的，更能準確地了解諾斯的結論對后進國家的制度改革和制度創新所進行的分析所應該具有的解釋力，本文結合各國制度創新的歷史背景，運用馬克思主義有關理論來分析和解釋具有不同文化背景下主要后進國家的制度形成和運行的制度經濟學原理，將研究范圍從當代追朔到19世紀各主要后進國家趕超英國的歷程，探討這些后進國家在不同或者相同文化背景下實施現代化趕超戰略成功與失敗中不同利益集團的博弈導致不同的制度變遷過程和結果，找出其演變背後成敗關鍵的制度性原因，對后進國家現代化趕超戰略與實踐進行制度分析。
  20. Many countries have to face this piece of great educational problem conscientiously. this text regards the basic principles of economics and economics of education as the basis, attempt to probe into the theoretical foundation and realistic meaning of the relation between public - welfare and industrial nature of education

    本文以經濟學和教育經濟學的基本原理為依據，試圖對教育公益性與產業性的關系及其理論基礎與現實意義進行探討，以求對這一問題形成比較系統深入的認識，並對我國教育改革實踐提供一些建議和意見。
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