problems in probability 中文意思是什麼

problems in probability 解釋
題解
  • problems : 前面指代的是
  • in : adv 1 朝里，向內，在內。 A coat with a furry side in有皮裡子的外衣。 Come in please 請進來。 The ...
  • probability : n 1 或有；或然性。2 【哲學】蓋然性〈在 certainly 和 doubt 或 posibility 之間〉。3 【數學】幾率，...
  1. In the first part, the author mainly analyses the compilation of statistics and probability from following aspects : basic compilation principles, basic skeleton design of compilation, main characteristics and some problems of compilation

    在「統計與概率」編寫研究中，主要分析了以下幾個方面： （ 1 ）編寫的基本理念； （ 2 ）編寫的基本框架設計； （ 3 ）編寫的主要特點； （ 4 ）編寫中尚存的問題。
  2. The probability problems in theoretical mechanics

    理論力學中的概率問題
  3. Based on the current research achievements on durability under chloride environment, probability theory, structural reliability theory, concrete structures theory, neural network theory and structure dynamic theory are employed comprehensively in this dissertation. some problems of durability of reinforced concrete structures under chloride environment were studied through the exploitation of experimental data, the rule of chloride ingress and steel bar corrosion, the performance of corroded member, and residual life prediction. the main issues and results in this dissertation are as follows : 1 、 the probability method for the prediction of durable life based on the stipulated reliability index for concrete structures under chloride environment is presented in this dissertation

    本論文在國內外對氯離子侵蝕環境下混凝土結構耐久性研究成果的基礎上，綜合運用概率理論、結構可靠性理論、混凝土結構理論、神經網路理論、結構動力學理論等基本理論和方法，結合實際檢測數據，按照氯離子侵蝕、鋼筋銹蝕、銹蝕構件性能、銹蝕構件壽命預測的思路對氯離子侵蝕環境下鋼筋混凝土結構耐久壽命預測的有關問題進行了深入系統地研究，完成以下主要研究工作並取得相應成果: 1 、提出了氯離子侵蝕下基於規定可靠指標的混凝土結構耐久壽命的概率計算方法。
  4. Based on the statistic values of the bars " strength fracture experiment, the failure probability theoretical value of five bars truss structure is obtained. with the aid of the theory of the incremental load method [ icm ], the failure probability experiment plan of the five bars truss structure is discussed. some problems of using the icm in the five bars truss structure reliability experiment are analyzed, and some author ' s opinions are presented

    通過桿元的拉伸破壞實驗，得到了五桿桁架結構失效概率的理論值；結合增量載荷法，給出了進行桁架結構體系失效概率實驗的實驗方案；分析了應用增量載荷法進行五桿桁架結構失效概率實驗所面臨的問題，提出了一些個人的見解和建議。
  5. To avoid the probability, engineer calculate the cable tension and the pre - rising elevation with finite element theory, it cost much time in design the program and repeat calculation, the other hard work is to find out the place where the cables located in span arch structure, its must find out the optimized result manually which restrict the design work. recent years, lots of commercial fea software develop rapidly. engineers focus on the solution of commonness problems by the software existed

    為了解決這個問題，設計人員常常採用有限元方法計算扣索受力及拱肋控制標高，並根據計算結果設計扣索吊裝位置，在此過程中大量重復編程及計算工作佔用了很多工作時間，另外在扣索吊裝位置的選定過程中又沒有明確的方法，只能根據大量的計算結果人工尋找優化方案，這些都制約著設計工作的開展。
  6. Comparing with non - bnyain methods, it ' s prominent featares lay in that it combines the prior and posterior information, which avoids the disadvantag of subjective bias caused by simply using the prior information only, of blind search caused by the incomplete sample information, of noise affection caused by simply using the sample information only if we choice a suitable priof, we can conduct the bayesian leaming effectively, so it fits the problems of data mining and machine leaming that possess charaters of probability and statistics, especially when the samples are rare

    與非貝葉揚方法相比，貝葉斯方法的特出特點是其學習機制可以綜合先驗信息和后驗信息，既可避免只使用先驗信息可能帶來的主觀偏見，和缺乏樣本信息時的大量盲目搜索與計算，也可避免只使用樣本信息帶來的噪音的影響只要合理地確定先驗，就可以進行有效的學習。因此，適用於具有概率統計特徵的數據採掘和機器學習（或發現）問題，尤其是樣本難得的問題
  7. This paper presents a method of probability analysis in order to develop the general design and analysis methods for problems of the embankment stability under random storm wave actions as well as with random properties of the embankment medium. the major purpose of this study is carry out modellings of ( 1 ) probability analysis for the problem of seepage stability of levee projects ; ( 2 ) probability analysis for the problem of erosion due to washout sediments from the embankment ; ( 3 ) numerical analysis for coastal evolution due to beach erosion under energy actions of storm wave

    本文根據598084號年浙江省自然科學基金項目和g59901號國家教育部回國留學人員科研啟動基金項目的部分研究目標和研究內容的要求應用概率分析方法研究了在隨機風浪荷載作用下和築堤材料隨機性影響下防護堤壩抗滲流、抗沖刷穩定性的分析計算模型；用數值分析方法研究了在浪潮能量作用下岸灘侵蝕造成海岸演變問題的數學分析模型。
  8. Probability and statistics : a sampling of classic problems in probability and statistics

    機率和統計:機率和統計經典問題範例。
  9. In mice, for instance, delivery of melatonin increases the risk of tumor development, and the overproduction of growth hormone leads to kidney problems, premature heart and lung failure, and an increased probability of early death

    譬如在小白鼠身上，給予褪黑激素會增加腫瘤發生的風險，而生長激素過量，也會造成腎臟問題、心臟與肺臟發育不全，以及增加早夭的機率。
  10. Investigated the water resources volume and quality and exploitation condition, conducted water balance for the present condition at 75 and 95 probability levels, and listed the problems in water resources development and management. 4. two methods, one looked into the percentage of surface water and groundwater ; and the other introduced fuzzy set theory, and took the social economy and water system as one system for analyzing

    4 、對全市水資源開發利用程度用兩種方法進行了分析，一是用傳統的方法單一地對地表水、地下水的開發利用量占資源量的百分數進行了分析；二是引入模糊綜合評判的方法，將社會經濟和水資源納入一個系統進行分析研究，較為客觀地評價了水資源的開發利用程度，兩種方法的評價結果基本上是一致的。
  11. Risk theory is a hot topic in the present actuarial science and mathematics research. it helps to construct the risk model in the light of the instrument of stochastic processes and to study the problems of ruin probability and adjustment coefficient

    風險理論是當前精算界和數學界研究的熱門課題，最初主要藉助隨機過程理論來構造保險經營中的余額過程，並研究其破產概率、調節系數等問題
  12. However, according to the bifurcated approach to problems of causation, the scope of damages that defined by the " cause in fact " is provided with the probability of enlargement infinitely and uncertainty, so it is necessary to restrict the scope of damages by some legal means within the meaning of techniques of law. meantime, it is unfair that the risk of transaction is only undertaked by the defaulting party, so it is necessary to make use of some legal means to delimit the reasonable damages for the defaulting party

    首先，筆者提出：根據全部賠償原則，違約方應賠償因其違約行為給合同債權人造成的所有損害，而借用國外學者關于因果關系二分法的觀點，該「事實上的因果關系」所劃定的損害賠償范圍具有無限擴大的可能性和不確定性，因此從法技術講，就有必須要利用一些法律手段對該賠償范圍予以限界；同時，交易活動本身固有的風險單由合同違約方承擔也是不公平的，因此也有必要利用一些法律手段為違約方劃定一個合理的賠償責任范圍。
  13. Researching on the technology if reverse order is to study strains if pits, structural systems if basement, environmental surwey and underpinnings. on account of emphasizing developing methods if checking strength if pick - ets, modemizing machenes of excavation and studying methods of underpinning is put forward and is a way if controlling the quality of pickets in sites, which leads an active effect ; synthetic application if rankintheory, spatial and time effect theory to excavation tl aanalyze the state of soil force and strain is brought forward and the time effect should be considered in the zone of clay, the formation and development of soil plasticity are analyzed and the most dangerous zone to decide how to excavate and where to begin is found ; analyzing the cause of picket settlement during reverse order and the differential settlement and discussing hlw to solute it. duringh the temporary survey and the environmental warship, bringing rorward the theory of environmental vibration and analyzing the state of soil force and probability of losing stabilization of soil under the effect of environmental vibration ; analyzing the state offeree in underground concrete wall by the method of mathematics and pointing out the place of the maximum force and deformation. based on systematic illustrating the reverse order, problems about application and development of reverse order and suggestions also are expressed

    鑒于國內外的研究把重點放在大力發展工程樁的實驗室承載力監測方法與設備、如何使土方開挖機械現代化及對周圍建築的臨測方法上，本文提出了現場利用聲波層析成像技術監測鋼砼樁內部質量的方法與程序，並得出了聲波層析成像技術是砼樁的動態質量檢測的有效手段，這對指導施有積極、現實意義；提出了綜合運用朗肯土壓力理論、基坑空間和時間效應影響理論來分析逆作法施工過程中基坑邊坡土體應力及應變的變化情況，指出粘土地區也應考慮時間效應，並且進一步分析了基坑邊坡土體的塑性區形成和發展，找出邊坡最不利的區域，以確定地下室土體的挖掘的方式和順序，指出憑主觀臆斷與經驗來施工是不可取的；在分析、經較逆作法與大開挖順作法的地下室結構體系受力情況及施工順序的不同，提出了節點處理技術；分析了逆作法施工期間樁的沉降變化原因及由此而產生的差異，並探討了解決的方法；本文還提出了環境振動對土體邊坡穩定產生影響的觀點，並分析了在環境振動影響下，土體的應力狀態及土休失穩破壞概率，並且還運用彈性力學知識和數學分析的方法定量地分析了地下混凝土墻受力狀態，指出了被監測墻體的最大應力、應變位置。
  14. As it is difficult to obtain the accurate analytical solutions for the stress constraints of general 3d cracks, we have conducted systemically detailed researches on the out - of - plane stress constraint by finite elements ( fe ) and proposed a two - parameter description of non - through thickness 3d crack fields. several problems in damage tolerant design were also investigated based on continuum mechanics and probability theory

    三維應力約束對精確預測結構破壞不可缺少，因此，本文採用三維有限元等方法基於連續介質力學、概率論等理論，對典型三維裂紋尤其是非穿透裂紋系統深入地開展了三維應力約束理論計算、三維裂紋端部應力場描述以及結構三維損傷容限設計的研究。
  15. In the first chapter, we narrate the characteristic of convertible bond, give some clues about development and actuality of the market and its pricing theory ; in the second chapter, we introduce modeling idea and some material problems in the model in detail, draw the yield curve which is very important to the model by spline method ; in the third chapter, we first explain the basic idea and convergent speed of monte carlo method, then, give the mathematical description for financial market, prove equivalence of non - arbitrage market, existence of risk neutral probability measure in the market and the price process of underlying asset is a martingale ; in the forth section, we introduce how to simulate stock price path by monte carlo method in detail, based on foregoing result, we prove the path is a martingale, thereby, the model is logical

    本文第一章先對可轉債的特點、市場發展和現狀及其定價理論的發展和現狀作一概述;第二章詳細介紹了建模思想和模型中的一些具體問題，利用spline方法繪出了在模型中具有重要作用的收益曲線;第三章首先敘述了montecarlo方法的基本思想和有關其收斂速度的一些性質，然後從數學的角度給出了對金融市場的描述，證明了市場無套利、市場存在風險中性概率測度及標的資產價格過程為鞅的等價性;在第四節中，對用montecarlo方法模擬的帶跳股價路徑作了詳細介紹，並利用前兩節的結論證明了模擬的帶跳股價路徑為一個鞅過程，從而保證了模型在理論上的合理性。
  16. The discipline has its own problems in its domain of investigation, as well as unimaginable applications in the real world. from the view of mathematical tools used in the investigation of probability, this paper divides the history of the theory into stages and attempts to analysis the characteristic of each stage. historically, it went through three main periods : classical probability theory, analytical probability theory and measurable probability theory

    從17世紀中葉誕生至1812年，概率計算主要以代數方法為主，這一時期稱為「古典概率論」 ；從1812年到20世紀初，主要以分析方法為主，如：特徵函數，微分方程，差分方程等，這一時期可以稱為「分析概率論」 ； 1933年以後，主要以測度論來研究概率論，可以稱為「測度概率論」 ，這時概率論已經實現了公理化。
  17. The relative problems ， whlchare charged factor that the part thro ’ blasting influence o 幾 the divided charges and the choice of blasting network in chamber blasting ， are studied on the basis ofyuncheng ? ? sanmenxlaexpressway large scale blasting engineering in this paper firstly ， the latter chamber ’ s charged factor influenced by part throwblasting ， are discussed the comparable figobtained from above discussion can reflect the influence clearly the divided charges are studied systematically by theoretic analysis ， engineering calculate and simulated experiments the simulated experiments and engineering practice have been proved that intervals bet ’ een the divided charges ， which are engineering calculated ， are practicable ； and blasting effect s good in order to find proper blasting networks for types of chamber blasting ， several familiar nonelectrlcal blasting networks are analyzed and calculated by probability theory and numerical stat

    本文以運城三門峽路塹大爆破工程為實驗基礎，對峒室爆破中局部拋擲對裝藥系數的影響、分裝藥包以及大爆破網路的選擇等相關問題進行了研究。從大爆破裝藥系數分析了局部拋擲對后續藥包的影響，並得到了它與常規裝藥系數的比較圖，從而更直觀地反映出局部拋擲對裝藥系數的影響。運用理論分析、工程計算和模擬實驗相結合對分裝藥包進行了系統的研究。
  18. Finally, the main problems in probability analysis and the development of condition assessment are presented

    最後闡述了狀態評估領域的主要研究問題和發展方向。
  19. " probability statistics " is one subject with strong character o appliance and practice, but there are various problems in present teaching content and teaching methods

    摘要概率統計是應用性和實踐性很強的一門課程，目前的教學內容和教學方法存在著各種問題。
  20. Meanwhile, probability theory made progress and became matured. during 1921 - 1928 borel considered dealing with some strategic game problems with probability theory, form which he established several useful conceptions in game theory, and it was at that time that game theory was found in the rudiment. at this period, steinhaus, berol ' s students ville and colleagues also contributed to the rudimentary theory

    同時隨著概率理論的進一步發展和成熟，波萊爾在1921 - 1928年首先用已有的概率理論考慮了幾個策略博弈的例子，並創造出了博弈理論中幾個非常有用的概念，同時產生出了現代博弈理論的思想萌芽，在這一時期對博弈論的早期理論有貢獻的還有思特豪斯、波萊爾的學生威利和他的同事。
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