proximate cause 中文意思是什麼
proximate cause
解釋
近因-
Research on managerial principles of export credit insurance, including exposition on fundamental principles of insurance, i. e. utmost honesty and credibility, insurance interest, compensation for loss, basic connotation of proximate cause and its application in export credit insurance. it will also include research on some special applicable principles in export credit insurance, such as risk sharing, insurance fee, buyer ' s credit quota application, blanket insurance, indemnity waiting period, and claim persistence, etc
其中包括：對保險法基本原則即最大誠信、保險利益、損失補償、近因的基本內涵及其對出口信用保險的適用進行論述；對出口信用保險中適用的風險共擔、保險費、買方信用限額申請、統保、賠款等待期、債權不放棄等特殊原則進行研究。 -
The other one advocated regarding the dominant, effective cause as the proximate cause. and the insurer would be responsible to the loss caused by proximate cause. in this chapter, i will try my best to show the theories of causation of different scholars, and how the principle of proximate cause is used in the leading cases
對保險人來說，他只負責賠償承保危險作為近因所造成的損失，對于承保危險為遠因造成的損失不承擔賠償責任，避免了保單項下不合理的索賠；對被保險人來說，他可以防止保險人以損失原因是遠因為借口，解除保單項下的責任，不承擔承保風險所造成的損失。 -
Therefore, the following chapter mainly discusses the background of the principle of proximate cause, and its development. this principle originated from one proverb in ancient law, " causa proxima et non remota spectatur "
本文第二章將從近因的產生入手，結合經典案例詳述近因原則在海上保險法與實踐中的運用，這部分是文章的重點。 -
When the excluded cause is in the chain of causation, no matter whether it is the proximate one or not, the insurer will not indemnify the loss. furthermore, when the assured breached the warranties he had made, this principle wo n ' t be applied, either
在一些特殊情況下，比如說彼保險人違反保險合同中的保證條款，無論損夫與承保風險之間是否有因果關系，保險人都可以拒賠（定期險的情況例外） 。 -
About the word " proxima ", there were 2 main opinions. one treated time as the standard to judge which was the proximate cause
近因理念最早產生於英美法之中，而明確將近因原則作為海上保險法的基本原則首見于英國1906年海上保險法（ mia1906 ） 。 -
In this test, they advocated that judges should apply common acknowledge of people on the street, while trying to find the proximate cause in the complicated relations between causes and effects
英美法中關于近因原則的判定還提出了常識標準（ commonsensetest ） ，本文也將有簡單介紹。 -
In french civil law, it contains two aspects of meaning : the first is the reason the parties make a contract, i. e. the proximate cause ; the second is the ultimate aim that the parties want to achieve through a contract, and it is called the remote cause of a contract
原因是大陸法系契約法中的術語。在法國，原因包含著兩層意思：一是當事人訂立合同的理由，即近因；二是當事人訂立合同所希望達到的最終目的，即遠因。 -
The insurance company will not entertain the claim if the risk covered is not the proximate cause of the loss
如果投保的險別不是造成損失的直接原因，保險公司不予賠償。 -
There are various different opinions about it, but among them, the principle of proximate cause is prevailed in law and practices in marine insurance
尤其是在保險業不斷發展之後，因果關系運用在該領域體現了一定的特殊性。 -
The judgments vary according to different judges. in this chapter, the author try to give general ideas about what should be considered when this principle is applied. about the criterion of proximate cause, judges in common law system suggested one " common sense test "
文章將區分幾種情況來介紹近因的判定過程，主要是損失原因單一、多種原因致損、多種原因相繼發生並互為因果關系、多種原因相繼發生並有新的介入因素等。 -
Then the latter intervene events take the place of the proceeding causes and become proximate cause. this point of view had been criticized for the reason that it might lead the judge to an old fashion, i. e., to adopt the last event in the sequence of causation as the proximate cause
本文第一章將著重介紹兩大法系民法領域中關于因果關系的一些代表性觀點，如原因說、條件說、必然因果關系說、相當因果關系說等，以及在海上保險領域最具代表性的近因說。 -
In addition, the differences between the delay and detention also referred and emphasized. chapter 3 refers to the proximate cause in the off - hire event and its application in practice. only when the dominating cause of the delay is the enumerated cause of the off - hire clause, the off - hire appeal can be upheld
第二章就停租條款的解釋和分類，筆者分析延遲（ delay ）和滯留（ detention ）二者之間的區別及其區別的重要性，然後結合案例分析條款里的「立即需要的服務、阻止了船舶的完全工作」 ，以及凈時間損失條款和期間停租條款的區別。 -
Part hi the requirements of the damages within family, it holds that the requirements of the damages within family have little difference with the requirements of the common civil rights liability, which includes 4 requirements : ( 1 ) willful and wanton misconduct, ( 2 ) losses and harm, ( 3 ) intentional or negligence, and ( 4 ) proximate cause
第三部分，婚姻家庭法上損害賠償的構成要件。作者認為婚姻家庭法上的損害賠償的構成要件與一般民事責任中的損害賠償構成要件基本一致，包括：違法行為、損害事實、主觀過錯及因果關系。 -
34 having completed the comparison of the members of the fourth division, i pass on to a brief consideration of the third, since it is clear that the members of this division are mutually exclusive and exhaust what is divided, for ( tenth conclusion ) if two effects are compared to the same cause, the latter must be either a proximate or a remote cause
34在完成對第四種劃分元素的比較之後，我接著對第三種劃分作一簡要思考，很明顯，這一劃分的元素相互之間是排斥的，劃分窮盡了全部領域，因為（第十個結論）如果一個原因產生了兩個結果，那總有一個在前，另一個在後。
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