railway monopoly 中文意思是什麼

railway monopoly 解釋
鐵路專利
  • railway : n. 1. 〈英國〉鐵路；鐵路系統，鐵道部門。2. 〈美國〉（市內）輕軌（鐵路）。vi. 〈英國〉坐火車旅行。vt. 在…鋪設鐵路。
  • monopoly : n 1 壟斷[獨占]（權） 專利（權） （of 〈美國〉 on）。2 壟斷[專利]公司；獨占[專利]事業。3 專利品。 ...
  1. Before the reforms, the chinese railway industry was highly centralized, main artery and half - militarized. it is a model of our country ' s traditional planned economic system, which lacks effective competition of government monopoly

    改革開放以前，我國鐵路運營與管理體制是以高度集中、大動脈和半軍事化為特點的，是我國傳統的政府壟斷型缺乏有效競爭的計劃經濟體制的典型。
  2. Good results have been attained in reforms in chinese traditional monopoly industry of railway since china ' s reform and opening up. on the one hand, a gradual separation of the functions of administration from those of management is being carried out through the following steps : decentralization, all - round contract, production operation responsibility system and property operation responsibility system

    改革開放以來，我國鐵路採取了一系列改革措施，一方面：從放權讓利到實行「大包干」 ，再到生產經營責任制，最終到實行資產經營責任制以求實現政企分開；另一方面，通過精簡機構，減員增效，調整路局結構及結構性分離等措施，以求提高鐵路行業整體競爭力。
  3. The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as the followings : l ) deducing and proving the " three in one " theory of natural monopoly, that is, from the angles of economies of scale, economies of scope and economies of network, giving an explanation of natural monopoly ; 2 ) putting forward the concept of " strict superadditivity " and proving that total value function and total revenue function of network economy have strict superadditivity ; 3 ) summarizing the emerging characteristics in the market definition of natural monopoly, that is, in the monopoly industry, " market " tends to be more and more smaller than " industry " ; 4 ) expounding that the objective patterns of regulatory reforms of the railway industry in china are explicit regulation with partly characteristics of implicit regulation ; 5 ) proving the idea that the structural reforms of the railway industry in china should be hierarchical ; 6 ) demonstrating the theoretical bases for whether infrastructure management should be separated from transpo rt operation ; 7 ) expounding and proving that the interior of the railway industry in china should implement the differential property rights reform pattern

    本文的研究特點在於： （ 1 ）在規模經濟、范圍經濟的基礎上進一步推導並證明了網路經濟與自然壟斷的關系，即自然壟斷可以從規模經濟、范圍經濟、網路經濟三個角度來解釋論述； （ 2 ）明確提出了一個與鮑莫爾、潘澤與威利格等人提出的「成本劣加性」相類似的概念? ?價值優加性，並證明了網路經濟的總價值函數和總收益函數具有嚴格優加性； （ 3 ）概括了自然壟斷市場界定中所出現的新特徵，即在壟斷產業中， 「市場」正越來越小於「產業」 ； （ 4 ）進一步論證了中國鐵路產業規制創新的目標模式是兼有部分內生規制特點的外生規制； （ 5 ）在中國鐵路產業的結構改革中應體現分層次的思想； （ 6 ）明確論述了內容提要鐵路路網公司等自然壟斷環節是否分割的理論基礎; （ 7 ）提出並進一步證明了中國鐵路產業內部應實行差異化的產權改革模式。
  4. The story of the taichung brewery parallels the history of governmental monopoly in taichung. it was first established in 1916 during the japanese colonial era, while the newly developed railway and civil works served as an incentive of its growth. at the time liquor trading had been monopolized by the japanese government and taichung brewery was used to produce sake, rice wine and honey wine

    臺中酒廠的歷史與臺中菸酒公賣局的發展息息相關，一九一六年日據時期臺中地區的都市計畫與市政工程促使臺中酒廠的設立，鐵路貨運，新興街廓與其自然地形為酒廠提供了良好發展環境，生產清酒米酒與糖蜜酒等等，為大正制酒株式會社的臺中工廠。
  5. The government because of its quasi - public goods character, natural monopoly as well as its costing investment, has always regulated railway industry

    鐵路因其消費的準公共性、自然壟斷性和資本密集性而成為政府管制的對象。
  6. In the wave of monopoly industry reforms, the reform of railway industry is the most stagnant, and will be the concern of the next stage of regulation reform

    在當前中國四大自然壟斷產業的規制改革中，鐵路產業是最遲滯的，也是中國自然壟斷產業規制改革下一步關注的主要對象。
  7. Accompanying the breaking monopoly and reform of railway industry, the railway engineering enterprises are also reforming their construction under the impact of the market economy

    鐵路行業打破壟斷進行重組，鐵路建築企業在市場經濟的沖擊下正進行著組織變革。
  8. The key problems of railway system reformation is how to break monopoly and introduce competition, how to choose reorganization models of the railway enterprises and how to work out the railway transportation price policy

    鐵路改革的突出問題是如何打破壟斷、引入競爭，如何選擇鐵路運輸企業的重組模式，如何確定鐵路運價政策，本文就這些問題進行了深入的分析。
  9. On the natural monopoly efficiency in railway industry

    鐵路行業自然壟斷效率淺析
  10. Under the traditional institution, telecommunication, electricity, railway, gas, water and other network industries were run by state - owned monopoly enterprises

    摘要在傳統體制下，電信、電力、鐵路運輸、管道燃氣、自來水等網路產業基本上是由國有企業壟斷經營的。
  11. Because of the production height concentrating, the natural monopoly of the trade, the long - term management mode, that makes railway become planned economy brand dark department very, brings the enormous obstacle to reform of the railway

    但由於鐵路運輸生產的高度集中性，行業的自然壟斷性及長期的管理模式，使鐵路成為計劃經濟烙印很深的部門，給鐵路的改革帶來巨大的障礙。
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