reducing surface 中文意思是什麼
reducing surface
解釋
簡約表面-
The gravity analysis is carried out especially for the synthetic fused silica and calcium fluoride used in 193nm lithographic objective as well as the optical elements with structural sizes of ( 200mm ~ ( 300mm. large numbers of analysis data for surface shape error are obtained by using algor finite element analysis software. then these data are plotted into curves and comparison analysis will be carried out, finally the measures and schemes for reducing gravity deformation are proposed
因此，本論文重點對大口徑光學系統在高精度光學鏡頭裝校中，因重力變形進行了詳細的分析研究，特別針對193nm光刻物鏡系統所使用的材料sytheticfusedsilica和caleiumfluoride以及用到的結構尺寸200mm ~ 300mm光學零件進行了重力變形分析，使用algor有限元分析軟體獲得了大量的面形誤差分析數據，然後將這些數據繪成曲線進行對比分析，最後提出了減小重力變形的措施與方案，並進行了實驗，驗證了分析結果是正確的，減小重力變形的方法是有效的。 -
The obtained polysilane - polyacrylate gradient films showed no macro - interface with the silicone content reducing gradually from the top surface to the bottom one. dma thermograms indicated that polysilane - polyacrylate gradient films contained two glass temperatures with their bands drifting from and their range extending much from each component. the good properties of waterproof, calorifics, and ultraviolet - absorption were also determined by dsc, uv and water contact angle measurements
結果表明：有機硅聚合物-聚丙烯酸酯梯度膜有一個較寬的玻璃化轉變溫區，玻璃化轉變范圍相對組分材料的玻璃化轉變范圍發生了擴展：有機硅聚合物-聚甲基丙烯酸酯梯度膜具有較好的熱學性能；硅含量的提高有利於改善膜層的憎水性能和紫外吸收性能。 -
Reducing the surface emissivity of a clothing ensemble is not in fact a very effective way of increasing its thermal insulation.
事實上減少整套服裝的表面發射率並不是增加其隔熱性能的最有效途徑。 -
This project which is based on the demand of increasing the electron tube ’ s qualities totally and reducing the manufacture cost has done a large amount of investigative work as follows to improve and perfect the technologies for the important part of electron tube manufacture ? the grid surface processing : on the surface processing of the molybdenum grid, the primary purpose is to reduce thermionic emission and secondary electronic emission of the grid. by the constantly experiment and grabbling the different technology routes, we have successfully developed these new technologies on the tac and zrc electrophoresis and electroplating platinum black of the grid, and made its surface cladding quality very stable and reliable
本課題是基於整體提高電子管的質量和降低生產成本的要求，對電子管生產中的重要部分? ?柵極的表面處理技術進行改進和完善，主要在以下方面進行了深入研究:在鉬柵極表面處理方面，主要為實現降低柵極的熱電子發射和二次電子發射，通過不同工藝路線的不斷試驗和摸索，成功開發出柵極電泳tac 、 zrc和電鍍鉑黑的新工藝，使柵極的塗覆質量穩定可靠。 -
And the major results and some new viewpoints were presented as follow : 1 ) sediment content of cn tillage system in runoff process is substantially low compared to st under rainfall with high intensity, showing cn bear the efficient capacity of control soil loss. nevertheless, when soil is saturated, the runoff intensity of both tillage systems is near, implicating cn has the limited function of reducing runoff. 2 ) based on the case analysis of observed all rainfall - runoff generation processes, a ) the initiation time hysteresis of surface runoff generation is notable when rainfall fall upon the unsaturated purple soils, which is attributed to the property of rapid water sorption and much non - capillary porosity
經近幾年的觀測和理論分析，取得了以下結果和創新的認識： 1 ）在降雨強度較大的情況下，保護性耕作制? ?聚土免耕的產沙強度明顯較常規耕作制? ?順坡耕作的小，說明聚土免耕耕作制防治土壤流失是有效的；但當土壤達到飽和后，聚土免耕的徑流強度與常規耕作的差異較小，產沙強度也增大，因此，聚土免耕防治水土流失的能力是有限的。 -
Three kinds of microbe, i. e. methane - oxidizing bacteria, anaerobic cellulose - decomposing bacteria and sulfate - reducing bacteria, were selected for experimental study, so the disturbance of surface biochemical effect was effectively inhibited, thus causing the microbiological anomaly to be able to reflect objectively the deep - seated hydrocarbon micro - leakage, it is pointed out that the result of predicting subsurface hydrocarbon distribution by use of the microbiological anomalies is obvious
選擇三種微生物指標：甲烷氧化菌、厭氧纖維素分解菌和硫酸鹽還原菌進行試驗研究，有效地抑制了地表生物化學作用的干擾，使微生物異常能夠較客觀反映地下深部油氣微滲漏情況，微生物異常預測地下油氣的分佈，效果顯著。 -
In acid copper sulphate solution, the nc copper has a more negative corrosion potential which is decreasing with reducing the grain size and diffusion impedance was only found in the as - prepared and as - annealed at 180 ? nc copper due to the diffusion within the pores and channels on the surface. both the tafel plots and eis study demonstrated that the nc copper exhibits a higher corrosion current and lower polarization resistance than its mc couterpart
在酸性硫酸銅溶液中，納米晶銅的腐蝕電位比微米晶銅要負，並且隨著晶粒尺寸的減小而降低。 eis研究表明，未退火的和180退火的納米樣品中發現了擴散阻抗，與表面孔洞和通道中的擴散有關。極化曲線外推法和電化學阻抗研究都表明納米晶銅的腐蝕電流比微米晶銅高，而極化電阻要低。 -
Meanwhile, fundamental principles about electroless tin plating by reducing agent and disproportionation reaction were explained. function of every component in the bath was explained that complexing agent can effectively change the potential of copper and tin, and accelerate the beginning of replacement reaction favorably ; reducing agent can increase the rate of chemical reaction and has the effect of promoting reaction dynamics too ; antioxidant can effectively prevent sn2 + in the bath from being oxidated ; additive agent a can improve the stability of the bath ; additive agent b has such effects as refining and brightening for the tin deposits, and it enlarges the range of brightening section ; additive agent c used as leveling agent can not only make the depostis level off, but also improve the dispersive ability of the bath ; surface - active agent can solve bubble problem which gathered on the surface of the deposits, and improve the surface quality of the deposits and the bath stability
闡述了鍍液中各組分的作用：絡合劑能有效地改變銅、錫的電位，促使初期的置換反應順利進行；還原劑能加快化學反應速度，對反應動力學有積極的促進作用；抗氧化劑能有效地防止鍍液中sn ~ （ 2 + ）的氧化；添加劑a能提高鍍液的穩定性，添加劑b對鍍層能有細化和光亮作用，擴大了鍍層光亮區的范圍；添加劑c作為平滑劑，不僅能增強鍍層表面的平整性，而且能提高鍍液的分散能力；表面活性劑較好地解決了化學鍍過程中汽泡在鍍件表面聚集的問題，提高了鍍層的表面質量和鍍液的穩定性。 -
Trailing edge of fork crown and frame down tube present a virtual continuous surface to the wind. reducing aerodynamic drag
前叉肩部的延伸邊緣和車架的下管形成一個虛擬的連續迎風面，從而有效地減少風阻。 -
The pbc technology is a new - fashioned restoration technology of friction surface, and its essential is restoring the friction surface and enhancing the performance of friction - reducing and anti - wear of the friction surface by putting pbc restoration agent into lubricating oil
摘要摩聖技術是一種新型的摩擦表面再生技術，其實質是通過在潤滑油中添加一種「摩聖修復劑」以達到增強摩擦件減摩抗磨能力、對摩擦表面進行原位免拆卸修復的目的。 -
( 1 ) first, metallizing abs plastics surface by chemical coarsing, metal ion absorption, metal ion reducing and chemical copper - plating. then, the copper - coating was thickened by electroplating in order to improve adhesion between following - coating and plastics matrix, and nickel was preplating. finally, ni - sic composite was plated
（ 1 ）通過反復實驗，確定工藝流程：首先通過粗化、敏化、活化和化學鍍銅，使塑料表面金屬化，再電鍍銅加厚銅鍍層，增強后續鍍層與塑料基體的結合力，然後預鍍鎳，最後電鍍ni ? sic復合鍍層。 -
The scc has the following advantages : remarkably reducing the noisy pollution and the worker s labor intensity in construction, deducing the rough surface or segregation because of missing - vibration or excessive - vibration in conventional construction, resolving the quality - defect problems resulting from lacking - vibration in the section of complex shapes and densely - packed reinforcement area. at the same time, large of industrial solid waste such as fly ash and blast furnace slag is utilized in the proportioning of scc. it is helpful in comprehensive utilization of resource and environment protection, so the scc belongs to " green concrete ", it is a branch of hpc which will be developed in the future
這種混凝土可以顯著降低混凝土施工中的噪音污染；大幅度減輕工人的勞動強度；減少傳統混凝土施工中因漏振或過振造成的麻面或離析；解決了配筋密集、結構復雜部位因振搗不足而造成的質量缺陷問題；同時，由於自密實混凝土在配製中，大量利用粉煤灰、高爐礦渣等工業固體廢棄物，有利於資源的綜合利用和生態環境的保護；從而被譽為「綠色混凝土」 ，是未來混凝土向高性能發展的方向之一。 -
By reducing bromine content and adding aluminum hydroxide in the surface of substrate for the printed circuit board, comparative tracking index ( cti ) of the substrate is improved significantly, meanwhile the size stability, heat resistance, the glass transition temperature of the substrate are improved too
摘要通過降低印製電路板的基板表層的嗅含量並加入氫氧化鋁，顯著提高了基板的相比漏電起痕指數（ cti ） ，並同時提高了基板的尺寸穩定性、耐熱性、玻璃化溫度。 -
On the basis of the work in xie et al. 5, xie et et al. 7 and liang et al. 8 established a dynamic repre - sentation of the groundwater table in a land surface model through reducing it to a moving boundary problem and solving it by the mass - dumped finite element method
基於以上工作，謝正輝等7 ， liang等8通過將地下水位動態表示問題歸歸結為運動邊界問題，用有限元集中質量法直接求解，建立了地下水位的動態表示模型 -
However, an effort at simply reducing the noise leakage at the expense of sacrificing the air supply in the engine room will result in an uneven cooling on the surface of the diesel engine
單純降低噪音的外泄而犧牲油機房內的空氣流量會造成油機表面冷卻不均勻，減少油機的發電容量，影響正常使用。 -
The effects of meor include as follows : being favorable to oil - gas percolation, changing wettability of rocks, improving hydrocarbon migration, reducing surface tension of emulsified oil, decreasing crude viscosity and improving sweep efficiency, etc
採油微生物具有自身的優勢，有利於油氣滲流及提高採收率，尤其是微生物能改變巖石潤濕性、改善油氣運移、乳化原油降低表面張力，微生物及代謝產物還對原油具有降粘作用，對地層水產生有利影響，提高波及系數。 -
With the reference of many relevant materials, the author prepared a fined molybdenum disulfide powder with a average size of 800nm by ball milling, and a nano - copper with average size of 30nm in micromulsion solution method, and synthesized surface - modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles with average size of 40nm in organic media via sol - gel method. the tribological performances of three particles were studied by universal test as well, with the result of fined molybdenum disulfide powder with good reducing wear and antiwear performance at low load, nano - copper with good reducing wear and antiwear performance at high load, surface - modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles maintaining stable reducing wear and antiwear performance from low load to high load due to its characteristics of organic and inorganic nanocomposite. the results indicate that the nanocomposite is the most perspective oil additive. the reducing wear and antiwear mechanism of nano oil additive was studied with in - situ tribochemical principle. nano additives possess broadly developing prospect with its above - mentioned performance
在參閱了大量文獻的基礎上，分別採用了球磨法、微乳液法、溶膠?凝膠法制備了超細二硫化鉬、納米銅粒子、表面修飾納米二氧化鈦，經原子力顯微鏡測試，獲得的超細二硫化鉬的粒度平均在800nm以內，納米銅粒子平均粒度約為30nm ，表面修飾納米二氧化鈦平均粒度約為40nm ，在萬能摩擦磨損試驗機上測試了三種粒子的摩擦學特性，結果表明：在合理的添加濃度范圍內，超細二硫化鉬在低載時具有優良的減摩抗磨性能，納米銅在高載時具有比較好的減摩抗磨性能，表面修飾二氧化鈦粒子因具有有機與無機復合物的特性，從低載到高載都保持穩定的減摩抗磨性能。 -
Ub grinding wheel provides heavy stock removal and uniformed surface finish, permitting automation of polishing operation which results in reducing finishing time and eliminating some of finishing processes
Ub磨輪可提供較大的切削量以及均勻的表面研磨較果。可應用在自動化的拋光作業中，也因此可以減少精磨時間及減去一些製程中的步驟。 -
The outer surface temperature of barrel can be efficiently cooled down by adopting the outside cooling fluid method in a rapid - fire gun, but its effect on reducing barrel inner peak temperature and prolonging the life is limited
（ 2 ）對于速射火炮，外液冷方式可以有效降低身管外壁的溫度，但對于身管內膛溫度的降低和壽命的提高作用有限。 -
Noise - reducing surface
吸音路面
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