research and development costs 中文意思是什麼

research and development costs 解釋
科研費用
  • research : n. 1. 仔細搜索 （for, after）。2. 〈常 pl. 〉研究，調查，探測；追究。vt. ,vi. 追究；調查，研究 （sth. , into sth. ）。
  • and : n. 1. 附加條件。2. 〈常 pl. 〉附加細節。
  • development : n. 1. 發展，發達；進化。2. 展開；擴充；開發。3. 發達物，新事物，發展階段。4. 【生物學】發育（史）；【軍，數】展開；【攝影】顯影，顯像；【音樂】展開（部）；研製，研製成果。
  • costs : 訟費
  1. With the rapid development of high - speed networks and the design of software for network parallel computing such as pvm, mpi, express linda and p4, the merits of network parallel computing, such as small costs, quick returns, strong flexility and high ratio of performance to costs, are more outstanding, making the network parallel computing be favored by more and more universities and research institutes both at home and abroad and become one of the important branches of parallel and distributed computing

    高速信息網路的飛速發展以及網路并行計算支撐軟體如pvm 、 mpi 、 express 、 linda ， p4等的出現，使得網路并行計算的投資少、見效快、靈活性強、性能價格比高等諸多優點顯得更加突出，受到國內外越來越多的大學和科研單位的青睞，已成為并行計算和分散式計算技術的重要發展方向。
  2. This thesis introduces the whole development process of gyns transportation costs payment requests system, which from requirement analyzing and system designing and system achieving to application, and sums up the process of research and development experience and inadequate. furthermore, i summarized the differences of china and japan in software engineering. above all, the chapter introduces the applications field background

    本文主要介紹說明一汽豐田物流項目中，運輸費用支付請求系統的需求分析、設計理念、功能模塊、系統實現和系統相關的一些理論和工具，以及系統完成後的測試部署、經驗總結;在此基礎上，對中日雙方在軟體工程中的差異區別作以簡要的分析和觀點闡述。
  3. Follower countries can just borrow the latest technology cheaply without having to bear the costs of research, invention and development.

    技術后進國可以低價引進最新技術，而無需負擔研究、發明和發展的費用。
  4. The following conclusions have been drawn from this research program, : ( 1 ) the model following architecture allows for straightforward implementation of requirements of handling quality standard, and it can be utilized for helicopter handling quality design. ( 2 ) the adaptive model - inverse control theory can provide the referenced helicopter with consistent handling quality throughout its operating envelope, with requiring only an approximate linear model at a single operating point. ( 3 ) the technology of adaptive neural network model - inverse control can reduce costs and period associated with pcs development

    通過該課題的研究，得到以下結論： （ 1 ）參考模型跟蹤結構能夠直接實現飛行品質規范要求，可以用於直升機飛行品質設計； （ 2 ）自適應模型逆控制方法只需一個基準狀態下的近似線性模型，卻可在整個使用包線內提供協調一致的飛行品質； （ 3 ）自適應神經網路模型逆控制技術可節約成本，縮短飛控系統研製周期； （ 4 ）在某些部件部分意外失效或戰損情況下，自適應神經網路具有實現控制的在線快速重新配置、保持飛行品質的潛力； （ 5 ）軌跡跟蹤控制器可以用於任務科目基元模擬及飛行品質評估。
  5. In the equity value view this paper discovers that the shareholders really bear some financial distress costs. using multielement linear regression to analyze influencing factors of the financial distress costs, the paper discovers the corporate government, corporate characteristic and external environment are obviously relative to the financial distress costs. embarking from the above research conclusions this paper gives some advice that establishing the prediction system of financial distress, and perfecting the mechanism of corporate government and the corresponding law system policy, in order to provide the policy - making reference for distressed companies to get rid of the financial distress or reduce the financial distress costs, promote the sound development of the listed company, and realize the rational distribution of social resources

    本文以上市公司為研究對象，將公司因財務狀況異常而被特別處理（ st ）作為企業陷入財務困境的標志，採用經營業績觀對企業承擔的財務困境成本進行考察，發現財務困境不僅給上市公司帶來成本，而且也具有福利效應;採用權益價值觀對權益投資者承擔的財務困境進行分析，發現權益投資者承擔了部分財務困境成本;採用多元線性回歸法對財務困境成本的影響因素進行分析，發現公司治理、公司特質、外部環境參數與財務困境成本有密切關系;從上述研究結論出發提出了建立財務困境預測體系、完善公司治理機制、完善相關法律制度的政策建議，以期能為企業擺脫財務困境、降低財務困境成本提供決策參考，促進我國上市公司的健康發展，實現社會資源的優化配置。
  6. Some foreign investors have already moved their businesses to countries with lower labor costs, wang yiming, deputy director of the academy of macroeconomic research, under the national development and research commission, wrote in a column published on wednesday

    國家發展與研究委員會宏觀經濟研究院副院長王一鳴在周三發表的專欄中寫道：一些國外投資者已經轉向勞動力價格更加低廉的國家去了。
  7. Weaknesses range from high costs, small markets, an education system that is not conducive to creativity, poor links between research and development ; hong kong people s poor knowledge of and connections with the pearl river delta and banks conservative bias towards asset - based lending

    弱項包括成本高、市場小、教育制度未能啟發創意、研究和發展聯系薄弱、香港人對珠江三角洲的認識和聯系太少、銀行對借貸傾向審慎保守。
  8. The resource bundle manager, or rbmanager, was developed at ibm s almaden research center to address these issues and to cut down on development time and costs

    Ibm的almaden研究中心開發了resource bundle manager ，又稱作rbmanager ，以解決這些問題，並節省開發的時間和費用。
  9. The basic development costs, like research and design, can be expected to be amortized on sales in many markets.

    用於基本發展（如研究和設計）的費用，可望依靠在各個市場上的銷售得到償還。
  10. The paper analyzes general accounting principle of oil & gas industry in the united states and evaluates two kinds of accounting methods. successful efforts & full costs. research is made to the investment accounting method of the united state relating to various phases of oil and gas operation, including property acquisition, retention and surrender, exploration, development and production

    本文從介紹美國油氣工業基本會計核算原則出發，在研究美國礦區購置成本、折舊的單位產量法以及勘探、開發、生產不同階段的核算方法的基礎上，分析了現階段我國石油投資核算現狀，指出了其存在的油氣成本反映不實、折舊方法不合理、國家對于礦區產權無法體現等問題。
  11. Microsoft also said it would increase spending on research and development, excluding equity compensation costs, by 4 percent to 4. 8 billion in its fiscal year to june 2005, from 4. 6 in fiscal 2004

    公司還稱在截止2005年6月前的財年內要增加剔除股權薪酬成本之外的研發開支4 % ，達48億美元，高於2004財年的46億美元。
  12. In 1974, the financial accounting standards board determined that all research and development costs of internally developed patents are expensed as they are incurred

    1974年，會計準則委員會決定，內部開發專利權的研究開發成本隨著其發生而計入當期費用。
  13. Through many years development, pension accounting research has set up a complete system that is based on accrual basis, systematical measure of pension costs, and accurate evaluation to record and disclose pension assets, debits and benefits. many entities have published many research results and the most respective entities are fasb and iasc

    經過多年的發展，以fasb和iasc為代表，國際上的養老金會計已經形成了以權責發生制為基礎、系統計量養老金成本；以精算估價為依據、記錄和披露養老金資產、負債和損益的一套較為完整的會計體系。
  14. A study of accounting for research and development costs

    研究和開發費用的會計處理研究
  15. Research and development costs that exceed the public s ability to pay will add impetus for such cooperation

    當研究及發展的成本超過公帑的負擔能力時，就更能加強大學之間的合作關系。
  16. Also included in the operating costs were a depreciation charge of hk 5, 000, 000 for the new factory in zhongzhan, china, and research and development expenses for the launch of new premium casual footwear styles

    營運成本中亦包括了中國中山新廠房的一項約5 ， 000 ， 000港元折舊支出，以及為推出新鞋款而投入研發費用，當中部份新鞋款為高檔優閑鞋產品。
  17. Oyl industries bhd, which makes york air - conditioners. will invest rm10mil annually as running costs for its rm20mil research and development centre in sungai buloh, to keep up with the latest technology in product development. .

    為了緊隨產品的科技發展腳步， york冷氣機製造商奧維爾工業每年將投資1千萬零吉作為研究與開發中心的營運成本，這座耗資2千萬零吉的研究與開發中心設在雙溪毛糯。
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