scale-up problem 中文意思是什麼
scale-up problem
解釋
遞增問題-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
The actual circumstance that this text exactly from the petroleum process enterprise set outs, and apply the basic principle of technique economy analysis, we studied the address choice of the petroleum process enterprise ; superior economic scale ; superior crude oil settle choice problem ; superior oil conciliate project and oil refining enterprise of synthesized problem and bring up the solution scheme and established a series of models and gaved a series of solid examples
本文正是從石油加工企業的實際情況出發，應用技術經濟分析的基本原理，就石油加工企業的最優廠址選擇問題、最優經濟規模的確定問題、最優原油加工方案的選擇問題、最優油品調合方案的確定問題以及煉油企業的綜合規劃問題等五個方面進行了深入細致的研究，提出了一整套相應的解決辦法和建立了一整套相應的模型並給出了一整套相應的應用實例。 -
The third part of this paper starts from the present condition of chongqing venture capital, and it analyses the problems ( it primarily is that investment main - body is singularity, capital scale is little, the condition of policy and law is shortage and the exited channel is little ) existed in chongqing venture capital. the paper analyses the indispensability and feasibility of developing venture capital and clarifies that developing venture capital is important to solving capital shortage of chongqing high - tech industry, bringing up person with ability of chongqing high - tech industry and venture capital, assimilating social idle capital and solving employment problem. and it analyses that developing venture capital is feasible from some parts of economy circumstance, industry condition, person with ability market, government attitude and successful cases
文中第三部分從重慶創業投資發展的現狀出發，分析了重慶在發展創業投資中存在的問題（主要是投資主體單一、資金規模小、缺乏人才、完善的政策法律環境和通暢的退出渠道） ，並且指出重慶發展創業投資的必要性和可行性，闡明了在重慶現有的條件下發展創業投資對解決重慶市高新技術產業投資不足、培養重慶市高新技術產業人才和創業人才、吸收社會富餘閑散資金及解決勞動就業問題的重要作用，而且從經濟環境、產業條件、人才市場、政府態度、成功案例等幾個方面分析了重慶市發展創業投資是完全可行的。 -
The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level
文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。 -
Considering the different definition of the junction and channel between the model of hydraulics and water quality, the automatic unking the model of hydraulics with water quality in any complex river networks is built up, with which based on the flow pattern from computation, the problem of water quality numerical simulation in large scale complex river networks can be solved ; 5
考慮到水力模型和水質模型對結點及河道定義的不同，建立了任意復雜河網下兩者間的對應關系及水力模型和水質模型的自動聯結，使河網中的水質計算問題得以用本文對應的水力模型計算的流量為基礎進行求解，從而解決了大型復雜河網中的水質計算問題。 -
Most small and medium - sized enterprises in china still pay no attention to industrial design, even though some of them do, they still do not know how to apply industrial design effectively. the goal of this research is to settle this problem. this study combines the reality of our country ? medium and small - scale manufacturing company and relevant theory on design management and operation, puts forward solutions for the problem that industrial design ca n ' t operate properly and efficiently in order to set up a effective design management and cooperation system based on internet
本文通過分析我國中小型製造企業中普遍存在的對工業設計重視不夠，致使其未能很好地發揮作用的現實情況，結合國內外工業設計及其管理運作的相關理論，提出了解決工業設計在我國中小型製造企業中運用效應不佳，效率不高兩方面問題的基本構想? ?建立並有效運用基於網際網路的工業設計及其管理與協作系統。 -
The land concentration to the more specialized farming household and agribusiness satisfied the needs of appropriate land scale operations and improved the international competence of agriculture, but in a few areas the circulation is still spontaneous and in chaos. the peasants " contracted land rights to use have been often encroached. how to make the circulation of rural land right to use in a right and orderly direction and set up a circulation system to be truly " volunteer, by law, paid " is a urgent problem to be solved
當前不少地方正推進土地使用權流轉工作中進行了一些積極探索，土地向種田大戶和農業企業集中，滿足了土地適度規模經營的需要，提高了國際競爭力。但相當一部分地區還處于自發式的流轉或無序狀態，農民的土地承包經營權益仍然不斷受到侵害，如何使土地使用權流轉朝著健康、有序的方向發展，建立起真正的「自願、依法、有償」的土地流轉機製成為迫切需要解決的問題。 -
Base on the stratagem and the problem, the development direction of capital operation is : the target is expanding scale, boosting up core competing capacity, improving benefit ; the patterns are expanding strategy and constricting stratagem ; base on the scale expanding and core capacity expanding, the concrete mode is executing capital operation, adjusting capital configuration, expanding preponderant domain, dropping out non - dominate business, peeling off enterprise - run society, in order to realize the pluralistic of the main body of investment, establish modern enterprise system
本文認為，吉化集團公司要改變這種狀況，必須開展資本運營活動、整合內部資源、引進資金和先進技術，通過資源的流動、裂變、組合、優化配置等各種方式對所擁有的資本進行有效運營，實現內外部資源的優化配置，最終達到提升吉化集團公司核心競爭力的目的。本文的研究將對吉化集團公司資本運營戰略選擇有重要的實際意義。
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