sunk cost 中文意思是什麼

sunk cost 解釋
不能回收的成本
  • sunk : adj. ＝sunken; 〈俚語〉失敗了，完蛋了。 Now we're sunk. 〈口語〉完了。
  • cost : n 1 費用；代價，價格；成本。2 犧牲；損害，損失。3 〈pl 〉訟費。vt （cost; cost）1 值，要價（苦幹...
  1. Those caverns had been sunk in the swampy ground at great cost, for the security of the empire.

    為了帝國的安全，那些地下室里花了巨大的代價在潮濕的土地上挖出來的。
  2. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
  3. Psychological issues in the sunk cost effect

    沉沒成本效應中的心理學問題
  4. Sunk cost fallacy : will persistence necessarily lead to success

    堅持到底就是勝利嗎？ -沉沒成本誤區
  5. Chinese often consider capital investment as “ sunk cost ”, a commitment to do something, rather than a base upon which to earn a certain return

    中國人常常把資本投資看作「沉沒成本」 ，是做事情要花的資金，而不是賺取回報的基礎。
  6. On the condition that the scale of industry remains unchanged, sunk cost would be one of the factors that hedge the potential firms from entering into the industry

    摘要在行業規模固定不變的情況下，沉沒成本的大小成為阻礙部分潛在企業進入這一行業的因素之一。
  7. Having bought the shoes, you incurred an actual, or “ sunk, ” cost, and you are going to keep them around in the hope that eventually you will get your money ' s worth out of them

    買這雙鞋子時，你就已花費了實際的沉沒成本，你會把東西留著，期望有一天你花的錢會變得值得。
  8. This article uses theory and examples to explain that the low sunk cost firms have lower industry sunk cost and higher social wealth, so low sunk cost firms can drive away the high sunk cost firms

    通過理論推導和數值模擬論證表明，低沉沒成本的企業組合具有較低的行業總體沉沒成本和較高的總體社會對富，優于高沉沒成本企業組合，從而將高沉沒成本企業阻檔在行業之外。
  9. The paper incorporate closely the exchange rate pass - through and it ’ s behavior in short term. incomplete exchange rate pass - through is an important assumption of exchange rate overshooting and exchange rate overshooting is the background of our disscuss on the degree of exchange rate pass - through. the paper has following conclusion : 1. the main determination of the degree of exchange rate pass - through : the exchange rate elasticity of marginal cost, the sensitivity of mark - up ratio to exporting price, pricing game between the competitior, enterprice innovation and it ’ s efficiecy, mecu cost, sunk cost. 2. there are distinct differences of degree of exchange rate pass - through among industries

    本文將匯率的傳遞彈性與匯率的波動行為緊密結合，匯率的不完全傳遞是匯率短期超調行為的重要前提假設，而匯率的波動行為又是本文探討匯率傳遞彈性的研究背景，主要的結論有: 1 、匯率傳遞彈性的主要決定因素有:廠商邊際成本的匯率彈性和成本加成率對出口價格的敏感度、同一市場不同競爭者價格的博弈行為、企業創新投入及其創新效率、菜單成本（價格調整成本） 、沉澱成本（退出市場的機會成本） 。
  10. An experimental study of the nature of sunk cost effects

    關于成本沉沒效應的實驗研究
  11. Economists call this a sunk cost

    經濟學家們將這種現象叫做」沉澱成本」 。
  12. Costs are categorized as incremental cost and sunk cost for the sake of decision making

    為決策需要可將成本分為增量成本和沉入成本。
  13. Four wells were sunk at a cost of 47 pounds and 4 shillings

    政府成功開鑿四口水井，耗資47英鎊4先令。
  14. If we can achieve this, the enterprises would naturally to " 準 生 證 " a joy to win, but if they are not commercial enterprises invested a large amount of capital, human and material resources have become " sunk cost ", the government ' s production management approach also lost managed object

    如果能做到這一點，企業自然會為了「準生證」爭得不亦樂乎，但如果無法商用，企業投入的大量資金、人力和物力都成為「沉沒成本」 ，政府的生產管理辦法也失去了管理對象。
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