supplement costs 中文意思是什麼

supplement costs 解釋
追加成本
  • supplement : n. 增補；補足，追加；（書報的）補遺，附錄；增刊；【數學】補角；補碼。vt. 補足，增補。n. -tation
  • costs : 訟費
  1. They should integrate the resource of what they have, supplement their advantage. the break even research indicates that the most effective method is to reduce the number of departments, the cutdown of fixed costs in the next place, then the accession of security turnover. the last but not the least, it is suggested that adapt the management environment

    盈虧平衡分析結果表明:調整營業部盈虧的最有效的方法為減少全國營業部數量，其次為營業部投入成本的削減，尤其是固定成本，包括營業場所租金和固定資產折舊，傭金價格的增加或成交量的增加對營業部盈虧的影響能力位居第三。
  2. Optimal periodic control with the lowest operational cost by limiting total substrate discharge mass was studied. through adding new state variable and using supplement functions, the problem with restriction conditions was converted into nonrestriction problem. in addition, the dynamic searching method of optimal step coefficient was developed to modify the conventional gradient method, consequently the calculation problem of the multivariable optimal periodic control was able to be resolved better. it was found that the operational costs of optimal control under various initial states are distinctly different. a new concept of optimal control under optimal initial state was presented. it is pointed out emphatically that to the treatment system without optimal control condition, the suboptimal control with extensive practical value can be realized according to the results of optima control

    著重研究了在限制有機物排放總量時，使其運行費用最低的最優周期控制問題.通過增加新的狀態變量和用補償函數法，將本課題的有約束條件問題化為無約束條件問題，並提出了最優步長參數的動態搜索法來修改傳統的梯度法，從而較完善地解決了多變量最優周期控制的計算問題.研究中還發現了不同初始條件下最優控制所需要的運行費用也大不相同，進而提出了最優初始狀態下最優周期控制的新概念，這對保證出水質量的同時進一步降低污水處理成本來說具有更重要的意義.本文還強調指出：對于尚不具備實現最優控制條件的處理系統，可根據最優控制的研究結果實現具有廣泛實用價值的準最優控制
  3. In ground form, as well as zooplankton should be administered as feed. this can not only supplement a possible lack of plankton and lower costs, but also produce healthy and active shrimps. the ingredients of

    當後期幼蟲開始進入底棲生活時，以混碎后的維仁蝦片與其他浮游生物喂飼，不但可以補足浮游生物的缺乏，節省成本外，就可孕育出健康活力的蝦苗。
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