surface freezing 中文意思是什麼
surface freezing
解釋
表面凍結-
The primary results showed : using m199 as diluents containing 20 % bovine serum, it is better to freeze the cells slowly freezing at fist then increase freezing speed ( for example, from 0 to - 6 freezing speed is about - 0. 05 a minute, from - 6 to - 40, freezing speed is about - 0. 5 a minute ), studies on effect of various concentration of dmso demonstrate that about 12. 5 % dmso gave the highest post - thaw percentage of viable cells. the concentration of bovine serum had no different effect on the percentage of the viable embryo cells of misgurnus auguillicaudatus. the embryo cells derived 6 from the later stage of blastula offish is more resistant to the cryogen than the cells of early stage of blastula. the cells preserved in liquid nitrogen at - 196 were thawed and cultivated, a few cells were found adhere to the surface of culture vessel when the percentage of viable cell was more than 30 %. the cells in only two culture vessels were found to proliferated and gave rise to many small morphologically undifferentiated cells
研究初步表明:以細胞培養液m199 （含2既的小牛血清，常規量雙抗）為凍存稀釋液對泥鰍胚胎細胞冷凍保存宜採取先慢后快的方式（例如，從0一一6 ，凍存速度為一0 . 05 / min ，再以一0 . 5 / min的速度從一6一一40 ） ; dmso的保護效應濃度為12 . 506左右;小牛血清的濃度對泥鰍胚胎細胞的成活率影響不明顯;囊胚晚期細胞抗凍性比中早期強;通過對不同批次的凍存細胞解凍培養，解凍后成活率為30 %以上細胞培養數天後均有少數細胞貼壁，但只發現兩瓶培養細胞有明顯增殖現象產生許多未分化的小細胞。 -
Third, most exciting, and, it turns out, most plausible, is the possibility that liquid water from charon ' s interior has erupted onto the surface, freezing and crystallizing
第三，最令人興奮、最有可能的是液態水從喀戎的內部被擠壓出表面，凍結形成晶體。 -
The key techniques of freezing method construction for deep - lying thick surface soil are expounded, the problems to be settled urgently at present are put forward, moreover the present situation of freezing technique is summarized
摘要闡述了深厚表土凍結法施工關鍵技術，提出了目前深厚表土凍結技術亟待解決的問題，並對目前凍結技術現狀進行了總結。 -
The main work and conclusion for this paper is as following : according to the flashover test results of several kinds of iced insulators under positive voltage and negative voltage, this paper obtained : for the single porcelain insulator, the single glass insulator and the composite insulator bridged completely by icicle, the metal cathode ' s strong ability of emission electron is the primary reason that results in the lower negative flashover voltage ; the position difference of the high resistance district in method anode side results in that porcelain insulator cluster and glass insulator cluster have an evident effect of polarity ; when less ice and no icicle at the brim of the sheds, due to numerous non - polar arcs on the composite surface, the effects of polarity of composite insulator was lost using the test method of the average flashover voltage in the freezing period, dc flashover performances were investigated of several insulators with some typical structures and different material
本文的主要工作和結論如下：在人工氣候室內，根據不同覆冰絕緣子正、負極性下的閃絡試驗結果，得出負極性電弧金屬陰極的強電子發射能力造成了單片瓷、玻璃絕緣子及被冰凌橋接的合成絕緣子有較低負極性冰閃電壓；正極性電弧金屬陽極側產生高電阻區所處位置的差異使得瓷和玻璃絕緣子串具有明顯的極性效應；覆冰較少時，合成絕緣子表面出現數量較多的非極性電弧使合成絕緣子無極性效應。利用覆冰期內平均閃絡電壓的試驗方法，對不同材質和結構的絕緣子在覆冰、低氣壓和污穢共存環境中的直流閃絡特性進行了研究。試驗結果表明，直流平均閃絡電壓隨著海拔的升高、覆冰量的增加以及污穢度的增加而降低，且其特徵指數與絕緣子結構、覆冰量、覆冰狀態、污穢度等有關。 -
The test result shows that the water binder ratio is the chief factor in damaging point. the saturation of concrete and the higher degree of saturation in the surface layer of specimens can be used to explain the damage form of specimens in the freezing - thawing, which include change of relative dynamic modulus of elasticity and weight
通過測定飽水受凍6次后混凝土試件的相對動彈性模量，可以計算出混凝土破壞時（ e6 / e0 = 60 % ）相對應的水飽和系數，即極限水飽和系數，試驗結果表明對試件極限水飽和系數而言，水膠比影響顯著。 -
The study results show that the minimum ac flashover voltage decreases with the increase of the ice amount accreted on the insulator surface by an exponential law, and the down - trend of the minimum ac flashover voltage will slow gradually with the bridging of the shed of the insulators by icicles, both the average saturated ice amount and the special exponent m of effect of ice amount for different insulators depend on the radius of shed and the air - gaps of the sheds of the insulators, and that the ac ice flashover voltage decrease with the decrease pressure ratio p / p0 ( rise of the altitude ) by power - law for different esdd and icing - states when the altitude is from 4000m to 5500m. the special exponent n, which show the effects of altitude on the flashover voltage, is various with the type of insulator, icing - states and the surface status of iced insulator etc., and that the minimum ac flashover voltage of iced insulators decreases by power - law with esdd or the freezing water conductivity for different ice amount and atmospheric
研究結果表明：在不同海拔高度和等值鹽密esdd下，絕緣子的最低交流冰閃電壓均隨覆冰量的增加而呈指數規律降低；當覆冰量增加到一定程度后，最低交流冰閃電壓隨覆冰量增加而降低的趨勢趨于飽和；不同絕緣子串的平均飽和覆冰量及閃絡電壓的覆冰量影響特徵指數m均與絕緣子的盤徑和傘距等因素有關；在海拔4000 5500m之間，不同等值鹽密esdd和覆冰狀態下，絕緣子的交流冰閃電壓隨海拔高度的增加（氣壓的降低）與p / p0呈乘冪關系降低，氣壓影響特徵指數n與絕緣子類型、覆冰類型、覆冰表面狀況等因素有關；當覆冰量和氣壓一定時，絕緣子的最低冰閃電壓均隨著等值鹽密（ esdd ）或覆冰水電導率的增加而呈乘冪關系降低，並逐漸趨于飽和。 -
Points out that a plenty of freezing heat exist in urban sewage and surface waters close to the freezing point in winter
摘要指出在冬季寒冷地區接近0的地表水以及城市污水中，存在著大量可供利用的凝固潛熱。 -
Probe into the influence of water accumulation on the water and salt migration during the freezing process of ground surface layer
地表土層凍結過程中水分積聚對水鹽遷移的影響 -
The variation of stress and deformation fields in the freezing zone of an earth embankment is analyzed, and the effect of different frost - heaving zones on the deformation and stress of embankment surface is calculated
分析了土基范圍內凍脹帶對路基應力場和變形場的作用，並計算了不同凍脹帶范圍對路基頂面變形場和應力場的影響。 -
The results show that, as an auxiliary method to construct a tunnel, applying artificial freezing method to construct tunnel can satisfy not only the strength requirement of structures but also the requirement of settlements of ground surface
結果表明，採用人工凍結法作為一種輔助的施工方法，不但能滿足施工過程中結構的強度要求，而且能滿足環境沉降量的要求。
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