switching cost 中文意思是什麼

switching cost 解釋
品牌轉換成本
  • switching : 變換
  • cost : n 1 費用；代價，價格；成本。2 犧牲；損害，損失。3 〈pl 〉訟費。vt （cost; cost）1 值，要價（苦幹...
  1. Waveband switching ( wbs ) has attracted much attention because of its practical importance in reducing the port count, associated control complexity, and cost of photonic cross - connections

    摘要由於波帶交換在減少交換結構埠數、降低控制面復雜度和光交叉連接費用方面具有實際的意義，因而引起了人們廣泛的關注。
  2. Here a low cost optimal position system with speed - loop open and position - loop closed based on fuzzy control is presented, it employs fuzzy controller to verdict rotor velocity approximately and a fuzzy switching curve is substituted for real one to achieve bang - bang switch, no limit - loop or oscillation occurs. at the end of this chapter, a dc break curve is discussed

    為了實現經濟實用的點對點快速定位系統，實際系統採用速度開環、位置閉環結構，速度量從模糊控制器得到，既不實測也不軟體估計，用模糊開關線代替真實開關線進行控制量狀態切換，無極限環或振蕩現象，而成本則大大降低。
  3. 2. switching cost, network externalities, additional function, branding image, safety & stabilization, require of computer configuration & bandwidth, these are six causal variables that need to be mainly considered in the influence factors of the imcl. they not only directly restrict customer lock - in, customer value and customer satisfaction, but also influence the imcl indirectly by the three direct influence factors

    2 、轉移成本、網路外部性、附加功能、品牌形象、安全穩定、配置網路是即時通訊產品顧客忠誠的六個主要原因變量，它們不僅直接制約顧客鎖定、顧客價值和顧客滿意，而且通過這三個直接影響因素間接的影響即時通訊產品的顧客忠誠。
  4. This dynamic model describes a possible processes of what customer relationship moves from lower to higher relational phases by the four factors i. e. customer value, customer satisfaction, customer trust and switching cost, and displays how a various levels of customer loyalty such as behavior loyalty, mental loyalty and sustainable loyalty are cultivated at different relational phases, and reveals the relationships between four factors and customer loyalty ( measured by repurchase intention, cross - buying intention, customer referral intention and price tolerance ) and customer relationship life cycles

    模型用於描述客戶保持的四個決定因素客戶價值、客戶滿意、客戶信任和轉移成本，及其如何驅動客戶關系不斷從低級階段向高級階段發展，並在客戶關系生命周期的不同階段建立不同層次客戶忠誠，揭示客戶保持的四因素之間、四因素與客戶忠誠（用重復購買意圖、交叉購買意圖、價格忍耐力和客戶推薦意圖四個指標度量）和客戶關系生命周期之間、客戶忠誠與客戶關系生命周期之間的相互關系。
  5. Two cost functions, targeting area and power, are presented. switching activities of an fsm is linked to its power dissipation

    引入了以優化面積和功耗為目的的價值函數，並把有限狀態機的開關活動性和它的功耗聯系在一起。
  6. Lastly, by philosophical analyzing the article draws conclusion : going on with efficient institutional change asks for dynamical grasping of path characteristic. so at present in order to advance the change the cumulative cost of institutional gradual change must be apportioned reasonably ; adjusting the change strategy wholly makes unitary institutional innovation accompanying configurable innovation ; switching institutional change mode neatly makes sure that the following change is efficient ; government ' s playing the leader role of institutional change makes adverse path dependency be got over and thoroughly resolves the shortage problem of effective institution

    最後，運用通觀全局、抓主要矛盾與矛盾的主要方面的哲學方法進行總結性分析，得出「繼續實現富有成效的制度變遷需動態把握路徑特徵」的結論，那麼，現階段應該對漸進式制度變遷的累積成本進行合理分攤，確保進一步變遷順利推進；從總體上調整制度變遷策略，形成由單項制度創新所引領的制度結構創新安排；針對變遷過程適時靈活轉換變遷方式，使變遷方式交叉復合、優勢互補，確保進一步制度變遷的效率；強化政府的變遷主體地位，以克服不利的路徑依賴，從根本上解決阻礙進一步變遷的有效制度缺失問題。
  7. It must be appreciated and accepted in telecom market, due to its advanced technology reliable performance and high cost performance. a series of technical key problems have been solved, mainly f an overal exhaustive design of the 128k switching network system was presented based on 4k net - chips, with our own intellectual property a 3 level 64k switching net was successfully designed, in which the tlevel consists of l6 4k net - chips and the s - level consists of a self designed single vlsi fpga chip with 560 pins. an optical net interface and an optical multiplexer were designed to carry out the voice transmission and distribution of l28, 000 users

    在研究開發過程中，解決了一系列的技術關鍵問題，主要有：提出了基於有自主知識產權的4k網片的128k網路系統的總體設計方案；研究設計了tst三級結構64k交換網，其中t級含有16片4k網片， s級由自行設計的、 560pins的、單片大規模fpga實現；研究設計了雙機雙網雙余度的通信控制處理器系統，實現了對用戶呼叫、 tst各級網路的控制、報警等各種功能；研究設計了光網介面oni和光復用器omux ，實現了12 . 8萬用戶話音的傳輸分配。
  8. A novel high - power pollution - free smps is presented in this paper, which accomplishes simultaneously the goal of soft - switching pwm, the input / output isolation, the output voltage regulation and three - phase pfc with a single - stage power processor and simple pseudo - phase - shift control circuit. therefore, compared with the normal two - stage system, the single - stage power supply has simpler structure, lower cost, higher efficiency and easier to control. the proposed smps can be used in the three - phase power system, and can output high power over kw - order and input / output ( i / o ) isolation dc power supply

    本文提出的新型無污染大功率開關電源正是採用三相三線制輸入電源，利用單級偽相移零電壓零電流開關脈寬調制（ pps - zvzcs - pwm ）全橋變換器完，成功率因數校正（ pfc ）和輸出電壓快速調節、隔離的雙重功能，並且該變換器開關管在零電壓或零電流下通斷，顯著的減小了emi 。
  9. Because of the virtue of automatically switching, simple structure and low cost, etc, the hydraulic automatic tilting gates with connecting lever and rolling wheel have been wildly applied in all kinds of water conservancy and brought much economic benefit

    連桿滾輪式水力自動翻板閘門因其能隨水位漲落而自動啟閉，結構簡單、造價低廉，等優點，在各類水利工程中得到廣泛應用，並產生了很好的經濟效益。
  10. Output over - voltage protection and a 1mhz switching frequency allow for the use of small, low cost external components

    內部過壓保護電路和1mhz的開關頻率使得用戶可以選用體積更小、成本更低的外部元件。
  11. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate ， they argue ， shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line

    他們爭論說，如果對所有的客戶都收取一樣平均的費用，那些可以轉向公路或者其他交通手段的發貨商就會這么做，致使剩餘的客戶承擔維持鐵路經營的成本費用。
  12. The high switching frequency allows the use of small surface - mount capacitors, saving board space and reducing cost

    高的開關頻率允許選用小的表面陶瓷電容，可節省板級面積、降低成本和減小輸出電壓紋波。
  13. The results of numerical experiments, using the four - dimensional variational data assimilation system of the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model mm5, show that : the tangent linear model and adjoint model conducted by keeping the " on - off " switches the same as the basic state, can provide a good approximation of the first - order information to the nlm perturbation and a good descent direction for the minimization procedure ; switching on and off at every other time step in the kuo cumulus parameterization scheme do n ' t impact the convergence rate of cost function ; the existence of the switches do n ' t impact improvement to the mm5 model rainfall prediction because that not only specific humidity, but also wind, temperature and pressure are assimilated into the model

    非靜力中尺度數值模式mm5的四維變分資料同化系統進行的數值試驗結果表明： 「開關」變量保持與基態一致，所構造的切向線性模式能夠提供關于非線性模式擾動的一階近似，伴隨模式所計算的梯度值能夠為最小化過程提供較好的下降方向；郭氏降水參數化方案中對流每隔一個積分步的交替發生並不影響目標函數最小化的收斂速度； 「開關」變量的存在也不影響將風、溫度、氣壓和比濕結合起來同化對mm5降水預報準確性的提高。
  14. This paper bases on the literature review, constructs a customer repurchase intention model on oliver ’ s loyalty phase theory. the model includes 11 factors : brand preference, cumulative satisfaction, variety seeking, attractiveness of alternatives, switching cost, ( the five dimensions ), customer repurchase intention, episodic satisfaction, customer perceived value, customer perceived fairness, customer perceived benefits, customer perceived cost

    本文在文獻回顧的基礎上，吸收了現有學者的研究成果，在oliver （ 1997 ， 1999 ）提出的顧客四個忠誠階段的理論基礎上，建構了影響顧客重購意向的模型，共包括:顧客重復購買意向、顧客品牌偏好、顧客的交易滿意度、顧客的累積滿意度、顧客的多樣化追求、替代品吸引力、轉換成本、顧客感知價值、顧客感知公平感、顧客成本付出、顧客的感知利益等11個因素。
  15. The intelligent non - central - switching explosion - proof amplifying call and telephone talk system has many advantages such as low cost but high utilization factor of the channels, fast communication, convenience for using and maintaining and so on. it can replace with the same ty

    智能型無主機防爆擴音對講電話系統具有繩路成本低且利用率高，通信聯系快速，使用及維護簡便等優點，可替代國內外的同類產品，具有廣泛的應用前景和使用價值。
  16. For a matrix, the number of rf relays and cables required to construct a given switching system ( and therefore, its cost ) is geometrically relatted to the number of system inputs and outputs

    對于矩陣，構建特定的切換系統所需的rf繼電器及電纜數量（進一步說，所需的費用）與系統的輸入和輸出數量成幾何關系。
  17. Apart from those advantages of using packet switching, improving the efficiency of the channel and lowering the communication cost, using the ip telephony technology is easier to realize the expansive services and the integration with the multimedia technology, which makes it advantageous among telecommunication fields and prosperous in the future

    Voip採用分組交換技術，可以提高線路利用率，明顯降低通信費用，而且還可以實現多種業務的增值，與多媒體技術相融合，在通信領域中處于有利地位，具有廣闊的發展前景。
  18. Adopting multi - granularity switching in wdm optical networks can dramatically reduce the size of optical cross - connect, which saves the cost of building and maintaining of networks

    摘要在wdm光網路中引入多粒度交換可以有效地減小交換節點中交叉連接矩陣的規模，從而大大降低網路的成本。
  19. Besides, we explore if switching cost have the positive moderating effects on relationship between trust and relationship continuity

    此外，本研究亦探討轉換成本對信任與關系持續之間的干擾情形。
  20. Furthermore, the relationship between the trust of institutional buyer in the pharmaceutical manufacture and relationship continuity would be moderated by switching cost

    另外，僅有對制藥業者信任與關系持續性之間的關系會受到轉換成本之干擾。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書