tbi 中文意思是什麼

Tbi is a development of clt, and cognitive learning theory is its important theoretical basis

任務式教學法是交際教學法的發展和進步，認知學習理論是其重要的理論組成部分。

The experiment includes two procedure. first, sd rats were conditioned with 5. 5gy sublethal total body irradiation ( tbi ), followed by infusion of balb / c mice bone marrow cells 8x107 on day 0, then were intraperitonially administered cyclophosphamide ( cp ) 150mg / kg on day 2. the procedure let sd rats become chimerism and have specific immunologic tolerance

實驗分兩步：第一步， sd大鼠經亞至死劑量5 . 5gy全身照射后，尾靜脈輸入balb c小鼠的骨髓細胞8 10 ~ 7 ， 2天後腹腔內注射環磷酰胺150mg kg ，誘導形成嵌合體大鼠，使其對balb c小鼠產生特異性免疫耐受。

Study on radiation dose estimation and monitor in tbi usi ng an anthropomorphic phantom

模擬人體體模在全身照射中劑量評估及監測的研究

Tbi throttle body injection

節流體噴射式

Using mice, the researchers showed for the first time that tbi reduces the levels of a protein called potassium - chloride co - transporter 2 ( kcc2 ) within a portion of the brain called the dentate gyrus

通過耗子實驗，研究者第一次發現創傷性腦損傷導致齒狀回氯化鉀協同轉運酶水平降低。

Several genes and cytokines take part in the accommodation of these changes and influence the severity of brain injury, such as tumor necrosis factor a, bel - 2 gene family and ced gene family ( cystein - dependent aspartate - specific protease, caspase ). they are all has relationship with cell death after tbi and control the different cascade of cell death. there are two kinds of cell death after traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) that is necrosis and apoptosis

腦外傷后腦組織發生的這些改變由許多基因、細胞因子參與調節並影響著損傷程度，除腦水腫外，腦損傷程度主要取決于細胞因子，這些因子包括腫瘤壞死因子- （ tumornecrosisfactor - ， tnf - ） ， b細胞淋巴瘤白血病- 2 （ b - celllymphoma leukemia - 2 ， bcl - 2 ）基因中的bcl - 2 、 bax ， ced基因家族中的半胱天冬酶（ cystein - dependentaspartate - specificprotease ， caspase ）等，它們都與腦損傷后的神經細胞死亡有關，控制著引起細胞死亡的不同層面。

There have been isolated reports in the literature of the natural history and less than complete knowledge of the epidemiology and the pathophysiology of endocrine alteration occurring after traumatic brain injury ( tbi )

摘要對于腦外傷病人于腦傷后體內內分泌改變的自然病程、流行病學及病理生理學只有少數的報告。

Tissue sections from every animal were double - labeled with the antibodies of map - 2, cox - 2, gdnf, caspase - 3 and either the neuron - specific antibody neuronal nuclear protein ( neun ) or the astroglial - specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein ( gfap ). we carried out a series of research to explore the effects and mechanism of map - 2, cox - 2, gdnf, caspase - 3 during tbi and trie d to provide some useful theory basis for both the treatment of tbi in the practice and forensic medicine

並通過上述指標分別與神經元特異性標志物神經元核蛋白（ neuronalnuclearprotein ， neun ）和星形膠質細胞特異標志物膠質纖維酸性蛋白（ glialfibrillaryacidicprotein ， gfap ）進行免疫組織化學雙染色，探討腦損傷后神經元及神經膠質細胞反應性變化情況及其分子生物學機制，以期為腦損傷研究提供有益的數據材料，也為以上指標在法醫學實際檢案的應用提供必需理論依據。

Tbi throttle body fuel injection

節氣門體燃油噴射

Violence / assault is the second most common cause of tbi in young adults

年輕人中暴力，槍擊等占腦外傷的第二位。

Traumatic brain injury, tbi

創傷性腦損傷

It is suggested that this distinct condition can be labeled as " primary adrenal insufficiency ( pai ) developing after tbi "

此特定病況或可稱之為腦外傷並發原發性腎上腺功能不全。

From the data collected by tbi, we can see that, on average, the respondents have positive acceptance of all categories of teaching beliefs

職務方面，普通教師的信念水平，高於組長、主任、校長，組長高於主任、校長，主任高於校長。

Studies suggest that programmed cell death ( pcd ; cells that occur pcd have a strict morphological change called apoptosis ) occurs after tbi

程序性細胞死亡（ programmedcelldeath ， pcd ）參與了神經細胞損傷的發病機制。細胞進行pcd通常經過一個嚴格的形態學變化被稱之為凋亡（ apoptosis ） 。

In the present experiment studies, an acute traumatic model of lateral cortical impact was employed to study expressive changes of microtubule associated protein - 2 ( map - 2 ), cyclooxygenase - 2 ( cox - 2 ), glial cell line - derived neurotrophic factor ( gdnf ), caspase - 3 mrna and protein after brain injury in rats. immunocytochemical staining, western blotting, nucleic acid in situ hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe and computer image analysis were used to detect the dynamic changes of map - 2 mrna, cox - 2 mrna, gdnf mrna, and caspase - 3 mrna in the cortex after moderate traumatic brain injury ( tbi )

本實驗從自行設計大鼠腦損傷落體打擊器開始，先行建立了一個便於觀察和施加處理因素、控制性好、重復性好的動物模型，選用30g擊錘從25cm高處下落，沖擊應力d為355 . 09kpa ，打擊大鼠右頂部，造成中等程度的閉合性腦損傷，從病理形態學、組織超微結構觀察及微管相關蛋白- 2 （ microtubuleassociatedprotein2 ， map - 2 ） 、環氧合酶- 2 （ cyclooxygenase2 ， cox - 2 ） 、膠質源性神經營養因子（ glialcellline - derivedneutrophicfactor ， gdnf ） 、 caspase - 3基因及蛋白表達的時間性變化，詳盡系統地闡述腦損傷后各指標變化的時間規律性及表達差異可能的形成機制。

The response of normal rats and only tbi conditioned rats spleen cells to balb / c and c57bl / 6 mice spleen cells were all violent, the values of si were 2. 22 + 0. 26, 2. 28 + 0. 27, 2. 30 + 0. 15, 2. 18 + 0. 31

正常未經處理大鼠及只經tbi處理大鼠的脾細胞對balwc和c57bl歷』 j 』鼠的脾細胞均有強烈增殖反應， si值分別為2

Nuclear factor - kb ( nf - kb ) is one kind of cell transcription factor that exist in many kinds of cells in nervous system. it is also has great association with the process of neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. from the above we can see that tbi, secondary brain injury, apoptosis and cytokines associated tightly

細胞核因子b （ nuclearfactor - b ， nf - b ）是一類普遍存在的細胞轉錄因子，功能性nf - b復合物存在於神經系統的各種類型的細胞中，包括神經元、星形膠質細胞、小膠質細胞、少突膠質細胞中，在神經細胞變性和凋亡過程中起十分重要的作用。

This article describes one primarily adrenal - dysfunction patient with severe tbi who had no evidence of present or prior adrenal autoimmune disease, infection, hemorrhage, or malignancy

本文報告一位無腎上腺自體免疫病、感染、出血及惡性腫瘤病史的嚴重腦外傷患者發生原發性腎上腺功能不全，呈現腦外傷引發原發性腎上腺功能不全的狀況。