thalamus 中文意思是什麼

Most of these receptors are found in the midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, and spinal cord ( 3 )

這些受體主要集中於中腦、丘腦、下丘腦和脊髓[ 3 ] 。

It is divided into two parts, the lateral and medial thalamus.

它分為兩個部分--外側丘腦和內側丘腦。

The met - enkephalin projections linking the marginal interior colliculus of midbrain and auditory thalamus in nonsongbird

非鳴禽中腦內緣區向丘腦聽區投射的腦啡肽神經通路

Our previous studies confirmed that the central pathway of trigeminal proprioceptive sensation consists of four orders of neurons, and neurons from the first - to the fourth - order are located, respectively, in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus ( vme ), the dorsomedial part of the subnucleus oralis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and its adjacent reticular formation ( vodm - lrf ), the " zone - shaped area " [ including the caudolateral part of the supratrigeminal nucleus ( vsup - cl ), the dorsomedial part of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus ( vpdm ), the area ventral to the motor trigeminal nucleus ( avm ) and the area dorsal to the superior olivary nucleus ( ado ) ] and the contralateral ventral posteromedial nucleus ( vpm ) of the thalamus. because the pathway is a novel one, there has been little systematic morphological data available so far regarding the neurotransmitters involved in this pathway

該通路中第二、三級神經元所在地分別是三叉神經脊束核吻側亞核背內側區及其鄰接的網狀結構（ dorsomedialpartofthesubnucleusoralisofthespinaltrigeminalnucleusanditsadjacentreticularformation ， vodm - lrf ）和帶狀區[包括背側的三叉上核尾外側部（ caudolateralpartofthesupratrigeminalnucleus ， vsup - cl ）和感覺主核背內側部（ dorsomedialpartoftheprincipalsensorytrigeminalnucleus ， vpdm ）及腹側的兩個分別位於三叉神經運動核腹側和上橄欖核背側的暫命名為avm （ areaventraltothemotortrigeminalnucleus ）和ado （ areadorsaltothesuperiorolivarynucleus ）的兩個小核團] 。

Although its function is not known completely, pv may play important roles in the axonal flow, cell metabolism and synaptic transmission through binding with ca2 +. our previous studies showed that pv is distributed densely in the relay nuclei on the central four orders pathway of the trigeminal proprioceptive sensation and there are approximately 30 - 50 % of pv - li neurons projected to vpm of the thalamus in the third - order nuclei

我們最近的研究表明， pv樣免疫陽性細胞在三叉神經本體覺中樞通路各級核團中均有較密集的分佈，並且在二、三級神經元所在地? vodm - lrf和帶狀區中大約有30 - 50的pv樣陽性神經元為投射神經元。

The thalamus is the brain's major center for processing sensory information.

丘腦是腦處理感覺信息的一個主要中心。

Injected group, 0. 1 % saccharin ( 1. 5 ~ 2ml / rat, in 5min ) intraoral infused group and cta group. the expression of endogenous leucin - enkephalin ( lek ) in the rat brain was observed and 5 parts of the thalamus including laterodorsal thalamic nucleus ( ld ), lateral part of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus ( mdl ), ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus ( vpl ), ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus ( vpm ) and reticular thalamic nucleus ( rt ) were comparatively researched before and after the acquisition of cta applying lek - immunocytochemistry. in behavioral experiment, 18 adult male sd rats were divided into normal cta group ( control ) and 2 naloxone i. p

為探討cta形成過程中enk的作用，本實驗用成年雄性sd大鼠35隻，分為空白對照組、生理鹽水（ 2體重）腹腔注射組、 0 . 15mlicl溶液（ 2體重）腹腔注射組、 0 . 1糖精溶液口腔灌流組（ 1 . 5 - 2ml只， 5min ）和cta建立組，採用免疫細胞化學方法，觀察了亮腦啡肽（ lek ）陽性神經元在大鼠腦內的分佈情況，並比較了各組大鼠丘腦外側背核（ ld ） 、丘腦內側背核外側部（ mdl ） 、丘腦腹后外側核（ vpl ） 、丘腦腹后內側核（ vpm ）以及丘腦網狀核（ rt ）等5個腦區內lek表達水平的差異；另外將成年雄性sd大鼠18隻，分為正常cta建立組以及在cta建立前或cta建立后阿片受體拮抗劑納洛酮（ 2mg kg體重）腹腔注射組，對內源性阿片樣物質對于cta建立和保持的影響進行了行為學研究。

It is divided into two parts, the lateral and medial thalamus

它分為兩個部分- -外側丘腦和內側丘腦。

Ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus

丘腦腹外側核

Dorsal thalamus thalamus

背側丘腦丘腦

The thalamus is thought to have a key role in the physical basis of consciousness

認為丘腦在身體意識基礎中扮演關鍵角色。

Observation on the nuit discharge of the thalamus parafascicularis nucleus of the adjuvant arthritis rats

佐劑性關節炎大鼠丘腦束旁核單位放電的觀察

The classify and function of nerve fibers ; sensory specific projection system and nonspecific projection system ; cortical motor area and cortical sensory area ; thalamus nucleus ; muscle tonus and attitude regulation by brain stem ; functions of cerebellum ; visceral motor regulation by hypothalamus ; wakefulness and sleep ; conditioned reflex, mechanism of learning and memory

神經纖維的分類及功能；感覺的特異與非特異投射系統；大腦皮層運動代表區和感覺代表區；丘腦核團；腦干對肌緊張和姿勢的調節；小腦的功能；下丘腦對內臟活動的調節；覺醒與睡眠；條件反射，學習和記憶的機制。

Reconstruction of calcaneal thalamus and subtalar arthrodesis for severe malunion of calcaneal fractures

跟骨丘部重建距下關節融合治療跟骨骨折嚴重畸形愈合

Lek - immunoreactive neurons distributed extensively in the rat brain of each group, such as limbic system including the hypothalamus and the amygdala complex, area postrema ( ap ), parabrachial nucleus ( pen ), the thalamus and so on

結果： 1 、 lek免疫陽性神經元，廣泛分佈在各腦區。在下丘腦和杏仁體等邊緣系統的有關核團，以及最後區（ ap ） 、臂旁核（ pbn ）和丘腦等腦區均有lek陽性神經元分佈。

Reconstruction of calcaneal thalamus by bone autograft and subtalar arthrodesis for antiquated intra - articular calcaneal fractures

跟骨丘部植骨重建距下關節融合治療跟骨關節內陳舊骨折

In the ventral hippocampus, median and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and interpeduncular nuclei, nkr - li was localized in neuropil. colocalization of nig - li and vp were studied in paraventricular nucleus and superoptic nuclei. the excited nk3 - containing neurons expressed fos in major part neurons of paraventricular nucleus

在室旁核和視上核雙標神經元佔nk3第四軍醫大學博士學位論文陽性神經元總數的65和42 ，佔加壓素陽性神經元總數的60和39 。

Recently, a noval brain - specific na ^ - dependent inorganic phosphate transporters was successfully cloned using the method of molecular biology and was named dnpi because they had the characters of the vesicular glutamate transporter ( vglut ). some studies showed that dnpi were distributed extensively in the brain area where glu was used as the neurotransmitter, such as thalamus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. the ultrastructural studies indicated that most of dnpi are located in the presynaptic terminals and distributed on the synaptic vesicular membrane

最近人們應用分子生物學技術又成功地在哺乳類動物腦內克隆出一種新的腦內特殊的na 」依賴的無機磷酸轉運體（ brain七pecificna dependentinorgarucphosphaternsporter ， bnpi ） ，並發現它也具有囊泡膜谷氨酸轉運體（ vglllt ）的特點，因而被命名為dnpi （又稱作vgiutz人新近的研究報道， dn 』 pi廣泛地分佈於運用m作為神經遞質的腦區，如丘腦、延髓和脊髓。

But how about the morphological feature and the relationship between the pv - li and other neurons in the second - / third - order relay nuclei. what the synaptic connection between the pv - li and the neurons projecting to the thalamus. it is well known that glutamate ( glu ) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian cns

但是二、第四軍醫大學碩士學位論文三級中繼核團內pv樣陽性神經元的形態學特徵及pv樣陽性結構與其它神經元、纖維和終末的聯系究竟如何，它們與向丘腦投射的神經元形成怎樣的突觸聯系都是值得探討的問題