trade expenses 中文意思是什麼
trade expenses
解釋
營業費-
The efficiency of making use of economic resources in china is low, and one of the most important reasons about economic performance is that the national industry exists many defects, such as the low economic level of scale, the whole character of business enterprise not getting to increase with product construction over a long period of time, the small business enterprise increasing blindly, which causes the bargain of times increase and the trade expenses rise unduly, the lower degree of profession and cooperation, many more types of business enterprises, but lack of cooperation with the related and large business enterprises in the production, operation etc, so being difficult to take advantage of and share economy scale with big business enterprise ; the bad market performance and so on
中國經濟發展中資源利用效率低，而經濟效益低下的一個重要原因是國有工業發展中存在許多缺陷:規模經濟水平不高，企業整體素質和產品結構長期得不到提高，小企業盲目增加，導致交易次數不適當地增多，交易費用上升;生產專業化協作程度較低， 「大而全」 、 「小而全」的全能型企業大量存在，但缺乏與相關大型骨幹企業在生產、經營等方面的協作，難以分享大企業規模經濟的好處;市場運作績效差等。 -
This essay begins from affirming taxation credit thesis, bringing up a proposal what taxation credit definition and classify are. it puts system economics principle to use, setting taxation credit of science. it announces taxation credit is a very important thing in formulating government revenue and expenditure and debasing trade expenses and reducing taxation shifting, therefor, it will have practical significance in research taxation credit to perfect taxation system and advance taxation be run according to law
本文從稅收信用理論的界定入手，提出了稅收信用的定義和分類；運用制度經濟學原理，對稅收信用進行了科學的定位，揭示了稅收信用在規范政府收支、降低交易費用、減少稅收流失等方面的重要作用，以及研究稅收信用對于完善稅收制度、推進依法治稅的現實意義。 -
A discuss of trade expenses of international service trade
淺論國際服務貿易中的交易費用 -
The old income tax regulations provided that the payments for staff welfare expenses, trade union operating contributions, and staff education were set at 14 $, 2 % and 1. 5 % on the total amount of gross wages and salaries
老稅法規定，對企業的職工福利費、工會經費、職工教育經費支出分別按照計稅工資總額的14 % 、 2 % 、 1 . 5 %計算扣除。 -
Since 1994, have engaged international trade talents, to overseas sale directly, besides four companies in hong kong, have opened up korea s., the middle east again, the business of countries, such as saudi arabia, holland, etc. is special, have reduced the expenses of the intermediate link and unnecessary return commission after the trade department < 1997 > sanctions becoming the export enterprise on one ' s own account outside the country, has strengthened the competitive power of enterprises greatly, on the basis of consolidating the original business, have continued openning up canada, germany, france, austria, u. s. a., poland, czech, italy, spain, country ' s business, such as sweden, etc., cut up till up till now with business contact take place directly to 21 foreign businessmen of 14 countries
自1994年開始，聘請了國際貿易人才，直接向海外銷售，除香港四個公司外，又開拓了南韓，中東，沙烏地阿拉伯，荷蘭等國的業務，特別，經國家外經貿部1997批準成為自營出口企業后，減少了中間環節的費用和不必要的回傭，大大增強了企業的競爭能力，在鞏固原有業務的基礎上，繼續開拓了加拿大，德國，法國，奧地利，美國，波蘭，捷克，義大利，西班牙，瑞典等國業務，截至到目前止與14個國家21個外商直接發生業務往來。 -
The implementation regulations provide that the deduction for staff welfare expenses, trade union operating contributions, and staff education expenses shall not exceeding 14 %, 2 % and 2. 5 % on the total amount of wages and salaries respectively, except that there are different provisions made by the ministry of finance and the state administration of taxation
實施條例繼續維持了職工福利費和工會經費的扣除標準，但由於計稅工資已經放開，實施條例將"計稅工資總額"調整為"工資薪金總額" ，扣除額也就相應提高。 -
The selling, general and administrative expenses of 10. 39 per sent on sales price is based on global calculation for dissimilar products sold in the domestic market by one of the indian producers, persubably bombay dyeing, who sell their products through chain stores and under specific brand / trade names
銷售、一般和管理開支占銷售的10 . 39 %的計算方法是以一家印度生產商對其在國內市場上供給的不同產品的全球計算方法為依據，這家公司大概是孟買染色公司，它利用連鎖店以特定品牌或商標出售其產品。 -
By dynamic comparing china ' s concentration index with america ' s, the conclusion is china ' s trade concentration contacts with the china - japan trade friction. the range of china ' s fluctuate is far more than america ' s. the deep reason behind it is two countries " different status in japan ' s trade income and expenses. 2002 ca n ' t see much difference in concentration index of two countries
通過對中美兩國1992 ? 2002年輸日農產品貿易集中度的動態分析與比較，得出的結論是我國輸日農產品市場集中度的人小與中日兩國間的農產品貿易摩擦相聯系，其波動性幅度要遠高於美國市場，我國處于日本貿易收支的逆差國地位，是日本發動貿易摩擦的深層原因。 -
And at present, the system reform of bank of our country has not finished yet, the organization structuring of the bank is repeated seriously, the trade expenses cost is very high, the management efficiency is low, the international competitiveness is weak
而目前，我國銀行體制改革尚未完成，銀行機構設置重復，交易費用成本偏高，經營效率低，國際競爭力弱，機構設置重復嚴重，效益低下，銀行內部可謂矛盾重重。 -
The exhibitor warrants that the exhibits and packages thereof and the publicity material do not in any way whatsoever violate or infringe any third party s rights including trade marks, copyrights, designs, names and patents whether registered or otherwise, and agree to fully indemnify and keep fully indemnified the organizer and its agents and contractors against all costs, expenses ( including legal costs ) and damages arising from any third party s claim of infringement by the exhibitor andor the organizer of such third party rights
參展商保證展品、展品包裝和宣傳資料不會以任何方式違反或侵犯任何第三方權利，包括商標、版權、設計、名稱和專利，不論此等權利是否注冊。參展商亦同意全面彌償組織者及其代理和承辦商並使組織者及其代理和承辦商獲得全面彌償，使其免於蒙受任何第三方因參展商和或組織者侵犯此第三方權利而提出的侵犯版權的申索而引起的一切費用、開支（包括法律費）和損害賠償。 -
Operating expenses of importexport trade was $ hk million 168, 601 in 2003
進出口貿易業的營運開支在二零零三年是 -
Operating expenses of importexport trade was $ hk million 159, 836 in 2002
進出口貿易業的營運開支在二零零二年是 -
This insurance is extended to cover death or bodily injury to any third party or loss of or damage to the property of the third party caused by accident or negligence of the insured ' s employee or employees whilst being engaged in the work connected with the insured ' s trade as stated in the policy during the currency of this insurance and pensions, medical expenses and other relevant expenses to and incurred by the third party, for which the insured is legally liable
本保險擴展承保對被僱用人員，在本保險單有效期內，從事與本保險單所載明的被保險人的業務有關工作時，由於意外或疏忽，造成第三者人身傷亡或財產損失，以及所引起的對第三者的撫恤、醫療費和賠償費用，依法應由被保險人賠付的金額，本公司負責賠償。 -
In chapter two, introduce the research document about the enterprise clusters both at home and abroad, collect the research documents, sum up and summarize from four respects of advantage of external economy, trade expenses, innovation, competition. the study on domestic relevant enterprises clusters has carried on the survey. the dissertation introduce the organization evolution theory and relevant theory, introduce the concept of the intergrowth theory and basic principle especially
第二章較為全面地介紹國內外有關企業集群的研究文獻，從外部經濟說、交易費用說、創新說、競爭優勢說四個方面進行歸納和總結，並對國內有關企業集群的研究進行專門綜述，這一章還介紹企業演化理論及相關學說，重點介紹共生理論的概念和基本原理。 -
On this foundation, the theory that based organize capital, commodity exchange expenses, the trade right exchange expenses and industry characteristics is settled, and it riches and perfects west m & a theory and provide theory accordance and guidance for our country m & a to develop to standardizes, rationalizes, popularizes science and the efficiency direction
在此基礎上構建了基於企業組織資本、商品交易費用、產權交易費用以及產業狀況的企業並購理論。豐富和完善了西方並購理論，為我國企業並購朝著規范化、合理化、科學化以及效率化方向發展提供理論依據與指導。 -
It is domestic and international to research networks economies on the up the abroad scholars study more early, and study more completely with deep into research that it is economic to network that western scholar research " post industry society " and can think of considers most and early, afterwards of knowledge - based economy, arithmetic figure economy research then network economy starting point that study the chinese scholar is late start than then, but already there are large quantity scholars and commerce personage study with and pay attention to the network economy chinese and foreign scholar although cognition network economy, but profusion of different opinions, mostly is basic the network economy to equal the internet economy, its core is an electronic commerce, basic analysis method is a traditional limit method, but the less study the theories problem, problem of more little and in point of system of the network economy ; come in sight of the network economy to the challenge and break traditional economy theories, and less talk with the relationship the network economic theories and traditional economy theories ; ca n ' t answer the underneath some and important problem : why the phenomenon of increasing returns widespread meeting with network economy ? why the network economy trade expenses and the information dissymmetry at the same time in the decrease, and also can increase the bargain expenses and the information dissymmetry
中外學者雖然對網路經濟的認識莫衷一是，眾說紛紜，但大都把網路經濟基本等同於網際網路經濟，其核心是電子商務，基本分析方法是傳統的邊際方法，而較少研究網路經濟的理論問題，更少論及網路經濟的制度問題；看到了網路經濟對傳統經濟理論的挑戰和突破，較少論及網路經濟理論與傳統經濟理論的繼承關系；不能回答下面的一些重要問題：為什麼網路經濟會普遍出現報酬遞增現象？為什麼網路經濟在減少交易費用和信息不對稱的同時，也會增加交易費用和信息不對稱？為什麼在網路經濟產生「直接經濟」的情況下，會出現專業化生產外包的現象？ -
Trade expenses measurement and generalized price
交易費用計量與廣義價格 -
System as one rare resource, it has the functions that can reduce trade expenses and create the favorable environment conditions for technological innovation, and it can offer the incentive mechanism of carrying on the technological innovation activities to people too
制度作為一種稀缺資源，它可以起到降低交易費用、為技術創新創造良好的環境條件等功能，也可以為人們提供進行技術創新活動的激勵機制。 -
The ownership organizing system of modern enterprises is the organizing innovation of economizing trade expenses, having the incomparable advantage over classical enterprise. however, the separation of ownership and operation in modern enterprise brings about the issue of agency
現代公司的產權組織模式是節約交易費用的組織創新，具有古典式企業不可比擬的優越性，但現代企業經營權和所有權的分離又帶來了代理問題。 -
The cooperative innovation can bring competition from individual enterprise to heavy colony, reduce trade expenses and production cost, promote the joint development of enterprise technology, increase the economic profits of the two sides, improve the innovative environment of enterprises cluster
摘要合作創新把競爭從單個企業之間提升到更大的群體之間，可以降低交易費用和生產成本，推動企業技術的聯合開發，增加合作雙方的經濟收益，改善企業集群的創新環境。
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