traditional pricing 中文意思是什麼
traditional pricing
解釋
傳統計價法- traditional : adj. 口頭傳說的；傳統的，慣例的，因襲的。 traditional Chinese medicine 中藥。
- pricing : 報價模式的案例練習
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The thesis, somehow, is a summary, which expounds the main contents of traditional portfolio theory ( tpt ) and mpt, also gives a comparison between tpt and mpt ; analyses two aspects of markowitz theory, one is the effects of risk disperses and the demonstration, the other is how to make an optimal portfolio strategy ; researches into capital assets pricing model ( capm ), factor model ( fm ) and arbitrage pricing theory ( apt ) respectively in three parts ; studies another two parts, one is the premise of mpt, which is the efficient market hypothesis ( emh ), the other analyses the behavior finance theory ( bft ) produced in the background of challenging and querying to emt and capm. the thesis finally discusses the researching and applying prospects of mpt in china
論文對現代資產組合理論與傳統資產組合理論分別進行了分析，並對兩者進行了比較研究，對馬克維茨的均值? ?方差理論從資產組合風險分散效應和最優資產組合選擇兩方面進行了重點分析，對資本資產定價模型、因素模型、套利定價理論進行了一定深度的分析和研究，對現代資產組合理論的前提假設? ?有效市場理論及在對有效市場理論和資本資產定價模型形成挑戰和質疑背景下提出的行為金融理論進行了論述，論文最後分析了現代資產組合理論在我國的研究及其應用的廣闊前景。 -
The dissertation is divided into four parts : the first part differentiates and analyses three concepts related to high - tech products, and introduces home and international methods of ascertaining high - tech products and their characteristics ; the second one synopsizes the traditional methods of pricing common commodities and means of evaluating immaterial assets and these methods " inapplicability contrasted to high - tech products ; the third one summarizes the main factors of affecting the high - tech products price and principles that should be followed ; the fourth one puts forward different pricing methods based on different market structures
本文共分為四部分：第一部分主要辨析與高新技術產品相關的三個概念，並介紹了目前國內外確定高新技術產品的方法及高新技術產品的特點；第二部分對一般產品的定價方法和技術型無形資產的評估方法進行簡要的描述，並闡述了它們對高新技術產品定價的不適用性以及可借鑒之處；第三部分在第二部分的基礎上，總結出高新技術產品定價的影響因素及定價原則；第四部分在前面的基礎上提出基於各種市場結構的高新技術產品定價方法。 -
The second chapter, which consists of five sections, is on the traditional transaction methods of pricing tangible goods. in addition to the first and last sections, which make general account and review on the traditional pricing methods, the other three sections discuss the cup, rp, and c + methods respectively
論文的第二章對有形財產交易傳統的定價方法進行概述和進一步評論外，第二、第三和第四節分別對可比非受控價格法、再銷售價格法和成本加價法進行了研究和探討。 -
In the pricing of the participation policy, it is assumed that the expenses of participation policy are higher than the traditional products, so the insurance company distributes the policy holder according to the standards
壽險公司的紅利分配隨壽險公司經營狀況的變化而變化，具有不確定性，但壽險公司一般向分紅保單持有人提供保證最低收益。 -
With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior
傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。 -
The paper analyzes the drawbacks of these traditional methods, discusses the application of generalized linear models in non - life insurance pricing, and points out some problems to be considered when applying generalized linear models
本文簡要分析了這些傳統定價方法存在的缺陷，介紹了非壽險精算中典型的廣義線性模型，並通過汽車第三者責任保險的損失數據說明了廣義線性模型在非壽險產品定價中的具體應用，以及應用廣義線性模型時應該注意的幾個問題。 -
The thesis researches every aspact that affacts differential prcing systemically and in - depth. in order to make airline industries fetch more income in differential pricing, this article improves the traditional multi - class differential pricing method and the existing dynamic differential pricing theory, synthesizes the two improved methods, and puts forward a model of multi - class dynamic differential pricing for the air passenger transport
為了使國內航空公司在差別定價中取得更大的收益，本文對民航定價涉及的各方面問題都進行了較為深入的研究和探討，對傳統的多等級差別定價方法和已有的動態差別定價理論分別加以改進並進行綜合，建立了多等級動態差別定價模型。 -
On facing the problem of financing ， the thesis brings forward the trust solution and mbo fund solution on the basis of financing theory and international experience. on facing the problem of pricing, the thesis sets forth the differences between the traditional pricing model and eva model on the basis of analyzing the reasons of improper pricing. during the process author finds out the limitation of the traditional model and modifies the details of
針對管理層收購定價問題，本文在分析價格失真原因的基礎上，闡述了傳統價值評估模型，即貼現現金流（ dcf ）模型、市盈率模型與經濟附加值（ eva ）模型的區別與聯系，提出傳統的價值評估方法存在的缺陷，修正了eva方法應用於中國管理層收購的具體參數。 -
In the third part, this dissertation analyses the difference between traditional accounting and uncertainty accounting in the recognition and puts the ideas and standards of uncertainty into action. in the third part, it discusses enterprise pricing theory and market pricing theory. on the basis of them, it establishes some pricing models, such as rapport model, option model and eva model, etc to evaluate the value of asset, liability, equity, derivative instruments and contingent transaction
討論了企業定價理論和市場定價理論對會計計量的影響，闡釋了影響會計計量不確定性的因素，然後對資產、或有事項、創業企業股票發行、股票期權、衍生金融工具等計量的不確定性進行了研究，在此基礎上，建立了期權、經濟附加值等多種計量模型。 -
Already, early studies of potential revenues from road pricing confirm what traditional cost - benefit analysis has long shown : that the gains from many road schemes ( unlike those from many rail schemes ) far outweigh their costs
對徵收過路費可能帶來的收益進行初步考察便可發現，傳統成分效益分析所得出的結論是對的，許多公路項目的成本都要遠遠低於它所能帶來的收益（與鐵路項目相反） 。 -
However, the traditional actuarial theory supposes that the policy ordered credit interest rate is fixed. actually, interest rate is stochastic, which results to interest rate risk in pricing of life insurance product. what the thesis studies is interest rate risk in pricing of life insurance product
然而傳統的精算定價理論假設:利率是確定的，即精算師在定價過程中採用確定的保單預定利率，但事實上利率具有隨機性，從而會引發壽險定價利率風險。 -
Over time, this virtuous cycle will place increasing pressure on traditional retailers who lack similar sales productivity levels, leading to diminishing service and presentation and / or an increasing gap in pricing, reinforcing value players ' consumer advantage
假以時日，這種良性循將對無法達致相當銷售率水平的傳統零售商帶來越來越大的壓力，令服務、產品陳列及/或價格上的差距進一步加劇，從而強化了折扣零售商的消費者優勢。 -
Based on analyzing traditional transfer pricing adjusting methods, it emphasizes a new adjusting method, advanced pricing agreement ( apa )
接著分析了轉讓定價稅務調整的方法，在對傳統調整方法比較的基礎上著重介紹了一種新的調整方法? ?預約定價協議（ apa ） 。 -
Secondly, based on the description of traditional evaluation methods and real option pricing and the comparison with the two parts, it is induced that venture capital contains much option characteristics, and real option pricing is more advance in venture capital decision
其次，在系統地引論了傳統項目評價方法，實物期權理論和定價方法，以及二者的分析比較基礎上，歸納出現代風險投資行為的期權特性和實物期權定價方法在風險投資決策中的先進性。 -
Especially their high - fixed and low - marginal cost characteristics may result in the failure of traditional supply curve and neo - classical equilibrium, so the pricing strategies of traditional products are completely no longer fit for
以及特殊的經濟特徵，尤其是「高固定成本，低邊際成本」的成本結構，造成了傳統供求曲線和新古典均衡分析的失靈，所以針對傳統產品的定價策略已經完全不適應網路經濟時代的發展。 -
Value assessment system is the kernel to strategy alliance. the traditional cash flow analysis method hardly assess the value of high tech enterprise correctly, while the option pricing theory can compensate the traditional pricing method shortage
價值評估機制是風險投資戰略聯盟的重要機制，傳統現金流分析法難以準確評估高新技術企業的價值，但期權定價理論卻可彌補傳統定價方法的不足。 -
Grounded on the integration of the traditional pricing model, it put forward the mortgage loan pricing system based on risk evaluation which circles around the central effect factors
在分析研究的基礎上，針對其主要影響因素，結合現有定價模型，提出基於風險評價的住房貸款定價體系。 -
The research on flow control mainly concerns the improvement of network utilization given certain qos constraints while traditional pricing schemes emphasize the achievement of network manager ' s maximal profit under certain transmission and flow control structure
對網路流量控制的研究集中於在保證業務服務質量的前提下如何提高網路的利用率，而傳統的計費策略則著重於分析給定網路的傳輸和流量控制結構，網路管理者如何獲得最大限度的收益。 -
The trend of the international freetrade and economic integration brings enterprises many indefinite environmental factors. the traditional pricing methods that are applied to common merchandises cannot meet the needs of high - tech products pricing now. price reduction seems to be the most frequently used competition strategy, however which results in much loss
應用於一般產品的定價方法已不能滿足高新技術產品的定價要求，降價似乎已成為商家們用得最為頻繁的競爭手段，但其結果卻是給商家帶來很大的損失，尤其是具有高成本的高新技術企業。 -
Therefore, how to scientifically substantiate the ipos " price becomes a very important task for the issuing firm and underwriter, it shows the underwriter ' s ethics, while reflecting the whole market " s standardization the paper introduce and analyze the ipos " modes and traditional pricing methods at first, and then due to the limit of the traditional pricing methods, proposing a new pricing method based on the neural network theory according to the market participants " concern, and finally providing a practical pricing tool with certain accuracy
本文一方面對新股的發行方式以及傳統定價方法進行介紹與評析，另一方面針對傳統定價方法的局限，從市場參與者關注的焦點問題出發去研究首次發行股票的定價問題，採用神經網路系統建模，提出了一種新的基於神經網路理論的新股定價方法，從而為投資決策提供了一種具有一定準確性與可操作性的實用方法。
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