two-by-four method 中文意思是什麼
two-by-four method
解釋
2英寸乘4英寸木框架建造法-
In this section, applying the method, from abstract to specific and from history to present, it analyzes the operation mechanism of urbanization economy affected by market mechanism ; puts forward four theories of urbanization economy from economic perspective, including agriculture surplus and comparison advantage ; non - agricultural industry ; agglomeration economy and spillover effect, on this basis of the theories, it, on one hand, analyzes two kinds of internal mechanism in the chronologic operation of urbanization economies : increasing mechanism of urbanization economies in urban output industry ; and changing mechanism from specialization to integration, which are the representations of the evolution of " mart " development ; on the other hand, it analyzes two internal mechanism of dimensional operation of urbanization economy : internal spatial enlargement mechanism of urbanization economies from monocentric city to multi - center city, and external spatial enhancement mechanism which represents city - regionalization and city - chain connection, the later two mechanism represent the evolution of " polis " development
這一部分，按照由抽象到具體和由歷史到現代的研究方法，分析了市場機製作用下的城市化經濟運行機理，從經濟學角度提出了農業剩餘與比較優勢、非農產業、聚集經濟、外溢效應四大城市化經濟定理；在此基礎上，一方面分析了城市化經濟運行沿時間增長的兩個內在內容提要機制:城市輸出產業的城市化經濟增長機制和從專業化到綜合化的城市性質變遷機制，它們主要表現為「市」發展的延續;另一方面分析了城市化經濟運行沿空間增長的兩個內在機制:從單中心到多中心的城市化經濟運行的內部空間擴展機理和表現為城市區域化、城市連綿體的城市化經濟運行的外部空間擴展機理，它們主要表現為「城」發展的延續。 -
Methods the content of - glucan determined by phenol - sulfuric acid method, congo red method, two enzymes method and modified two enzymes method, respectively and compare these four methods
方法分別採用苯酚硫酸法、剛果紅法、雙酶法和改良雙酶法測定-葡聚糖含量，並比較結果。 -
The method of obtaining high concentration of na2feo4 solution by quick electrolysis mainly contains four aspects : adoption of either a diaphragm or an ionic membrane electrolytic cell in which a thin anodic cell lying between the two cathodes, ( 2 ) using an iron anode that has larger specific surface area, ( 3 ) keeping suitable concentration of naoh in the anodic cell, adoption of lower current density and higher electrolyzing speed. the practical technique parameters follow a s below : the naoh solution of 14 - 16mol / l, the temperature of 303 - 308k, the surface anodic current density of 300a / m2, the unit electrolyzing speed of efficiency larger than 6. 0a / l
快速電解獲取高濃度na _ 2feo _ 4溶液的方法，主要包括四個方面：採用兩陰極室夾一厚度較小的陽極室的隔膜（或離子膜）電解槽；使用比表面積較大的鐵網陽極；保持陽極室中有適宜濃度的濃naoh溶液；採用較低的電流密度和較高的電解速度。具體工藝參數是： 14 16mol / lnaoh溶液、溫度303 308k 、表觀陽極電流密度300a m ~ 2 、有效單位電解速度6 . 0a / l 。 -
Based on this situation, in this paper, a more actual dynamic - chemical coupling model than two - state model, a periodic four - state kinetic hopping model, is established, and analyzed by the master equation method
基於這種情況，本文建立了一維周期性四態隨機躍遷模型，並利用主方程方法進行了研究。 -
To assess the medicinal value of cultural anisodus tanguticus, the contents of four bioactive tropane alkaloids, anisodine, anisodamine, scopolamine and atropine, in cultural and wild materials were determined by the hplc method. the results showed that content of each alkaloid in the aboveground parts of cultural and wild samples was lower than that in roots, and this explained why it was not the whole plant but the root that was used as medicinal materials. the content of each alkaloid in the roots of one - year cultural material was lower than that in the two - year plants. the discrepancy of the total of four alkaloids between one - year and wild plants is not significant. moreover, the total of four alkaloids, and the contents of anisodine, scopolamine, and atropine in two - year plants were higher than those in wild plant. thus there is medicinal value in the cultivated a. tanguticus as well as wild a. tanguticus, especially in the two - year cultural a. tanguticus
為了評估人工栽培山莨菪的藥用價值，採用高效液相色譜技術對人工栽培和野生山莨菪的地上部分和根中具有生物活性的4種托烷類生物堿:樟柳堿、山莨菪堿、東莨菪堿和阿托品的含量進行了測定.結果表明無論是人工栽培還是野生植物，地上部分中4種生物堿含量均遠低於根，這解釋了人們為什麼用山莨菪的根而不是整株入藥.在栽培植物的根中，一年生山莨菪中各生物堿含量均小於二年生山莨菪，其根中4種生物堿總量與野生根相比差異不是很明顯;二年生山莨菪根中， 4種生物堿總量以及樟柳堿、東莨菪堿和阿托品含量均比野生的高.這說明人工栽培的山莨菪，尤其是二年生山莨菪，同野生山莨菪一樣具有一定的藥用價值 -
Then we use shuowenjiezi as well as the three standard books of chinese characters in tang dynasty, ganluzishu, wujingwenzi, jiujingziyang, as the criterion to correct the wrongly written characters, and divide the compiled common chinese words into seven categories : simplify the font, complicate the font, change the strokes, change the goujian, alternate the yifu or yinfu, alter the structure and kuaihuacaoshu. on the basis of that, we illustrate with the quantified data connected with the specifically speaking method that in the seven categories only two categories which are alter the yifu or yinfu and alter the structure maintain the reason of the standard form of chinese characters, the category of complicate the font weaken the reason, and the other four categories destroy the reason. through this, we can see that the reason of the common chinese words is much weaker than that of the standard form of chinese characters, so the common words are mostly excluded by the standard form system and are gradually obsoleted
本文以《吐魯番出土文書》為材料，採用窮盡式的方法輯錄其中的俗字（以字種數計） ，以《說文解字》以及《干祿字書》 、 《五經文字》 、 《九經字樣》三種唐代正字書作為正字標準，將所輯錄的俗字分為簡化字形、繁化字形、改換筆畫、改換構件、更替意音、變換結構、楷化草書七種類型，並進一步以量化數據和具體分析相結合的方法說明七類俗字中保持正字理據的僅更替意音、變換結構兩類，繁化字形類弱化了正字理據性，其他四類則破壞了正字的理據，說明俗字的理據性要比正字弱的多，因而俗字多被正字系統所排斥，逐漸被淘汰。 -
The paper selects baijiataun village and beizhai village which have diversiform landforms and land use types as the typical regions of positive research, classifies the detailed landscape type to these two villages separately by the method of function and configuration of rural landscape. as a result, 1 landscape region, 3 landscape types, 9 subtypes and 28 landscape units are to be classified in the baijiatuan village. as far as beizhai village is concerned, its four - layer classification system includes 1 landscape region, 3 landscape types, 9 landscape subtypes and 32 landscape units
實證研究以地貌類型和土地利用方式比較典型的北京市海淀區白家疃村和懷柔區北宅村為例，運用鄉村景觀功能形態分類方法，分別對這兩個村進行了詳細的景觀類型劃分；其中白家疃村共劃分了1個景觀區、 3個景觀類、 9個景觀亞類和28個景觀單元；而北宅村共劃分了1個景觀區、 3個景觀類、 9個景觀亞類和32個景觀單元；在此基礎上，藉助于supermap軟體平臺，編制了白家疃村和北宅村的景觀類型圖。 -
Its main steps are : 1 median filter to filter yawp ; 2 edge detecting ; 3 figure thinning ; 4 the calculation of center point and some other parameters, we put forward a new method with which we firstly give a self - adjust liner transform then we use robert edge detecting and we also give an four - adjacent - field method for edge thinning here ; secondly we repeat four steps above and use the center point as focus in the fourth image. after this we track the forecasting center point by kaveman filter and select two blocks for locating. lastly from the fifth photo on we mainly deal with the arithmetic for matching locating and recognition of focus except kaveman filter
然後在第四幅圖像中：重復上述四步，以提取的形心為瞄準點，在選定瞄準點以後，為了在後續圖像中匹配、定位、識別瞄準點，我們使用卡爾曼濾波求取跟蹤預測的形心點並在瞄準點的周圍選取兩個匹配定位塊：從第五幅圖像開始，除了使用卡爾曼濾波求取跟蹤預測形心點以外，主要執行匹配、定位、識別瞄準點的演算法。 -
For the three stages of interfacing operation, analyzed kinematics of single manipulator catches the object ring, two arms calibrating centering and four arms constructing a parallel mechanism to haul lowering. single manipulator ' s counter kinematics was solved by adopt neural net method, and two arms corresponding counter dynamics was analyzed as well
針對對接作業的三個階段，分別對單個機械手捕捉目標環、雙手協調調整對中及四隻手構成並聯機構拉降的運動學進行了分析；採用神經網路求解單個機械手的逆運動學，並分析了雙手協調的逆動力學。 -
The fitness of four negative electrode materials such as al, fe, zn, cd, and of six membranes materials : microfiber glass mat separator, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, vinylon, soapnated cellulose acetate, and of four current collects : carbon fiber ; nickel foam ; nickel foam sthongthened by iron wire net, punched silver grid in the super - iron alkaline batteries was comparatively studied. the influence of two storaged method ( with and without electrolyte ) and two impurities ( zno, fe ( oh ) 3 ) to the experiment cell ' s self - discharge nature was also comparatively studied. at last, the nature of discharge. structure and electrochemistry of experimental cell with k2feo4 as cathode active material prepared by three different methods : high temperature reaction, hypochlorite oxidizing and electrolysis, was comparative ly studied. we can conclude : i ) the open - circuit potential and the flat of work potential and the percent of capacity of k2feo4 till 1. 0v during the discharge at constant load of experimental cells decreased by the order of al / k2feo4, zn / k2feo4, cd / k2feo4, fe / k2feo4. as for the nature of charge - discharge cycle, cd / k2feo4 fe / k2feo4 zn / k2feo4. in water solute electrolyte, although al / k2feo4 can n ' t be used as storage battery, it have great potential as primary cell or storage cell from the aspect of its discharge capacity. discharge power
採用組裝實驗電池、 x -射線衍射（ xrd ）和循環伏安（ cv ）的方法，從實驗電池的放電特性、充放電循環特性、自放電特性，不同高鐵酸鹽的結構特性和電化學特性幾個方面，對4種金屬負極材料（ al 、 fe 、 zn 、 cd ） 、 6種隔膜材料（復合玻璃纖維、幅射接枝聚乙烯、改性聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、維尼綸無紡布、皂化再生纖維素） 、 4種集流體材料（泡沫鎳、以鐵網為加強層的泡沫鎳、切拉銀網、炭纖維編織網）在堿性高鐵電池中的適用性進行了比較研究；對2種雜質組分（ zno 、 fe （ oh ） _ 3 ）和2類不同貯存方式（干、濕）對實驗電池自放電特性的影響進行了比較研究；對3種方法（高溫固相反應、次氯酸鹽氧化、直流電解）所制k _ 2feo _ 4的實驗電池的放電特性、結構特性和電化學性能進行了比較研究。 -
It is stated systematically in the thesis the method ' s theories and measuring principle of all kinds of geostress determination technology. in particular the four methods recommended in 1987 by the committee of test method of the international society of rock mechanics, i. e. two over - coring methods of strain relief in boreholes, hydraulic fracturing method and stress furbish measurement which measures the surface stress
本文較為系統地、全面地介紹了當前國內外通用的各種地應力測量方法的理論、測量原理；特別就國際巖石力學學會試驗方法委員會於1987年推薦的4種地應力測定方法（鉆孔孔徑變形測量法、鉆孔孔壁應變測量法、水壓致裂法以及測量巖體表面應力的應力恢復測量法）作了較為詳細的敘述。 -
Using 3d 20 - node iso - parameter, 3d 12 - node infinite element and 3d 16 - node interface element, a coupled numerical approach for pile group - soil system under lateral loads is set up. a corresponding three - dimensional, nonlinear and elastic - plastic program ( epagpll ), include two materials and four nonlinear constitutive relations, is worked out by fortran 90 computer language. in the analysis the nonlinear e - model, k - g model and cambridge model with two yield surfaces are employed in the analysis of near - field soil, and the nonlinear analysis method is used in the piles - soil interface and distant - field soil
本人用有限元進行樁體和近域土的分析，對遠域土體採用無限單元，在樁土之間採用接觸面單元，建立了平面8節點環狀單元6節點無限元6節點接觸面單元相耦合的數值計算模型；針對豎直受力樁的流變分析，本人用內嵌于autocad的vba語言編制了前處理程序，可以快速形成包括網格、節點編號、單元編號在內的數據文件，供計算程序使用；同時在前人關于流變問題研究的基礎上，引進土體非線性流變本構模型，利用有限元、無限元、接觸面單元相結合的方法，用c + +語言編制了相應的計算程序。 -
Secondly, basing on the theory of on - off gain of small signal, the raman gain coefficient for frequency shift between 0. 5 and 20 thz of standard sigle mode optical fiber is measured by pump - probe method through a super luminescent diode ( sld ) as a broadband small signal probe source. thirdly, numerical simulation analysis of gain characteristic of raman fiber amplifier for c band wdm signal light is made according to the raman gain coefficient of the fiber measured before through target and four rank runge - kutta method. at the invariability of wavelength and maximum power of each of two pumps, schematic of powers of two pumps for best flatness on c band wdm optical gain was found out, at the same time, the factors of resulting in gain saturation is analyzed, too
本文首先應用經典的電磁理論對拉曼光纖放大器的工作機制進行了分析，然後，根據小信號理論推導出的開關增益求出了光纖拉曼增益系數的表達式，採用泵浦-探測波的方法，利用超輻射激光二極體（ superluminescentdiode簡稱sld ）作為探測光源，測量了所用標準單模光纖頻移為0 . 5 - 20thz的拉曼增益系數，之後根據所測得的光纖的拉曼增益系數譜對應用該類光纖構成的放大c波段wdm光信號的拉曼光纖放大器的增益特性採用打靶法和四階龍格- - -庫塔進行了數值計算，在給定了兩個泵浦光源的波長和最大功率后，找出了反向泵浦情況下使c波段wdm光源增益最平坦的兩個泵浦的各自最佳功率，同時也分析了導致信號光飽和的原因。 -
In this paper, firstly, monolithic materials cosb3 and bi2te3 were prepared by sparkle plasma sintering ( sps ) respectively, and at the same time the microstructure of cosb3 and bi2te3 were studied by sem ; the seebeck coefficients and electrical conductivities of monolithic materials were measured by standard - four - probe method ( ulvac zem - 700 ) in a he atmosphere simultaneously, and their thermal conductivities were investigated by laser flash method ( tc - 7000 ) in vacuum. secondly, the junction temperature of graded bi2te3 / cosb3 thermoelectric materials was optimized based on the thermoelectric transport properties of monolithic materials, also when graded materials were used in the temperature difference ranging from 300k to 800k, the length ratio of monolithic materials cosb3 and bi2te3 were optimized in theory. thirdly, graded bi2te3 / cosb3 thermoelectric materials were prepared by two - step sps sintering, and the relationship between its average seebeck coefficients and temperature were calculated by theory mo del
均質材料cosb _ 3和bi _ 2te _ 3的電導率和seebeck系數採用標準四端子法于he氣氛下在zem - 1上同時進行測量；熱導率採用激光微擾法（ tc - 7000 ）于真空狀態下進行測量；其次，在對均質材料cosb _ 3和bi _ 2te _ 3熱電傳輸特性研究的基礎上，對結構梯度bi _ 2te _ 3 cosb _ 3熱電材料的界面溫度進行了優化；為了使結構梯度bi _ 2te _ 3 cosb _ 3熱電材料在300k至800k的溫度范圍內具有最佳的熱電性能，本研究同時對梯度結構熱電材料當中均質材料cosb _ 3和bi _ 2te _ 3材料的長度進行了優化設計；第三，通過兩步放電等離子燒結的方法制備出了結構梯度bi _ 2te _ 3 cosb _ 3熱電材料；採用理論計算的方法研究了梯度結構熱電材料平均seebeck系數和溫度的關系；同時為了驗證設計的結果，本論文對結構梯度bi _ 2te _ 3 cosb _ 3熱電材料的開路輸出電壓和熱端溫度之間的關系及梯度材料在300k至800k的溫度范圍內使用時的功率輸出進行了相應的研究。 -
Secondly, according to the theory of impact echo method examining flaws, the road surface and the bridge surface are aimed as study targets, four concrete plates are made with differently deep surface - opening cracks. using the experimental system of impact echo method made by sansalone etc., this paper measures the stress waves velocity conveying in concrete plates by using one transducer or two transducers, and measures the depth of surface - opening cracks in concrete plates by using two transducers, and then the important data are attained
接著，根據沖擊反射法檢測結構物缺陷的原理，以路面和橋面的開口裂紋為研究對象，製作了帶有不同深度開口裂紋的混凝土板塊，使用sansalone等人開發的沖擊反射法實驗系統，用單傳感器和雙傳感器分別對混凝土板塊內應力波傳播的速度和不同深度的開口裂紋進行了測量，得到了重要的實驗數據。 -
Chapter one summarizes the main content and the significance of the research ; chapter two introduces pci bus and 1553b bus in detail ; chapter three gives a general presentation of the design principle and introduces the pci bus interface chip s5920 and 1553b bus protocol chip bu - 61580 in detail, which make a basis for the hardware and e software design in the following chapters ; chapter four shows how to design the board " s hardware by using pci bus interface chip s5920 and 1553b bus protocol chip bu - 61580 ; chapter five deals with the concept and design method of vxd ( virtual device driver ), as well as the communication method between the user " s application and the device driver ; the last chapter, chapter six mainly puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the system
在第一章概述了本文的主要研究內容以及本課題的意義所在；在第二章分別詳細介紹了pci總線和1553b總線，在第三章從總體上介紹了系統的設計思路並分別詳細介紹了pci總線介面晶元s5920和1553b總線協議晶元bu - 61580 ，這些內容為第四章硬體設計和第五章軟體設計作了鋪墊；在第四章具體說明了如何利用pci總線介面晶元s5920和1553b總線協議晶元bu - 61580來進行介面板的硬體設計；在第五章說明了虛擬設備驅動程序（ vxd ）的概念和設計方法，同時也介紹了用戶應用程序的設計過程及其與驅動程序間的通訊方法；在最後一章總結了本文的工作並對本設計的改進工作提出了幾點建議。 -
They can be structured by connecting two simple compliant four - bar mechanisms in series. a method to compute force required to change the equilibrium position of compliant multi - stable mechanisms is presented also
進一步提出了多穩態柔性機械設計方法，給出了兩類不同型的柔性機械聯結設計得到多穩態機械的設計方法和實例。 -
The navier - stokes equation is discretized in the moving - grid system. by adopting the explicit four - stage runge - kutta jameson finite volume scheme, and under the sustainment of acceleration algorithms such as dual - time stepping method, the multi - grid strategy and implicit smoothing of the residuals, a two dimensional unsteady viscous flow in vibrating cascades is simulated
本文在運動網格體系中離散n - s方程，應用runge - kutta四步顯式的jameson有限體積格式，並在雙時間方法、多重網格法及殘差光順等加速演算法的支持下，計算了二維振動葉柵非定常粘性流場。 -
By applying profit and loss equilibrium method, and marginal analysis, taking each of the four class break - pieces in oil - field as the unit, and basing on the prices of the different oil qualities and the developing costs of only once, two times and three times, we determine the optimal yields of each break - pieces in liaohe oil - field
本論文採用盈虧平衡分析法和邊際分析法等。以油田（四級斷塊）為單元，根據不同油品的價格和不同開采方式下的開采成本，確定遼河油田各斷塊的經濟產量，達到優化產量結構，合理確定生產規模的目的。 -
Demonstrated from 2 angles, to illustrate conviction ' s legality in the macroscopic stand, to find the effect what judge brings to conviction ' s justification in the judge ' s point, which involves four elements : the body of the judge, the standard of the judge, the process of the judge and the conclusion of the judge. part 4 addresses much about three elements exists in conviction and the relationship of them in the proceeding of conviction : crime ' s definition, crime ' s constitution, and principal of legality ; part 5 will suggest a possible method to dissolve the problem about which the legality and the reasonability of conviction seems sometimes contradict with each other : guided by the conception of principal of legality, unite crime ' s definition and crime ' s constitution and take use of each of these two ' s function in conviction, thus a reasonable judgment maybe attained
的問題，並圍繞著這兩個問題分別從宏觀層面和刑事裁判方面進行了論述：在宏觀層面上論述了定罪的合法性，闡明了刑事法律制度的法治化和定罪根據的合理確定對支撐定罪的合法性的意義，同時為定罪自身贏得公眾的合法性信仰；在刑事裁判的層面上從裁判的主體、裁判的根據、裁判的程序和裁判的結論四個角度論證刑事裁判對定罪活動的正當性、定罪結論的合法性意義；第四部分重點論述了定罪中涉及到的三個重要參量：犯罪概念、犯罪構成、罪刑法定原則以及三者在定罪中的相互關系及其各自對定罪的作用：首先考察了「罪的本體」 ，即作為定罪前提的犯罪究竟是什麼
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