welfare costs 中文意思是什麼
welfare costs
解釋
社會福利支出-
To the extent that welfare is a form of government ? subsidized afdc payments, it reduces the costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children
由於補助金是政府補助的一種「救助有受撫養子女的家庭」的津貼，它起到了降低離異代價、保障妻子和子女最低生活水平的作用。 -
To the extent that welfare is a form of government ? subsidized afdc payments ， it reduces the costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children
譯文由於補助金是政府補助的一種「救助有受撫養子女的家庭」的津貼，它起到了降低離異代價、保障妻子和子女最低生活水平的作用。 -
Some generous donors have given money specifically earmarked for particular projects, such as the rent and running costs of the welfare centre itself
曾有一些善長給我們的大額捐款是為特定用途，如我們福利中心的租金及營運開支。 -
This course focuses on the following topics : basic theory of consumer behavior ; production and costs ; partial equilibrium analysis of pricing in competitive and monopolistic markets ; general equilibrium ; welfare ; and externalities
本課程的重點放在以下的主題上：消費者行為的基本理論；生產與成本；競爭與獨占市場中定價的部分均衡分析；一般均衡；福利；以及外部性。 -
Rather, welfare ? related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its breach by providing a system of government ? subsidized payments
相反，由福利制度導致的家庭破裂之所以發生，是因為公共救助計劃提供了一種政府補助體制，它不僅減少了婚姻的利益，而且降低了破裂的代價。 -
Rather ， welfare ? related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its breach by providing a system of government ? subsidized payments
譯文相反，由福利制度導致的家庭破裂之所以發生，是因為公共救助計劃提供了一種政府補助體制，它不僅減少了婚姻的利益，而且降低了破裂的代價。 -
Clause 12 economic compensation shall be accounted as costs of an enterprise. it shall not be drawn from the welfare fund of the enterprise which has been appropriated pursuant to the law
第十二條經濟補償金在企業成本中列支，不得佔用企業按規定比例應提取的福利費用。 -
In the part of basic concepts, we discuss the connotations of information and ir, and then explain the features of information costs in terms of economics. a conclusion that information value is uncertain is reached. also, we build an information welfare model
在基本概念部分界定了信息與信息資源的涵義，從經濟學角度對信息成本特性進行了說明，提出了信息價值的測不準關系，建立了信息福利模型。 -
Of the number of welfare service units contracted out through competitive bidding by the social welfare department since 2001, the number of tenders received for the welfare service units, and how the unit costs of the services contracted out through the above mode compare to those under the lump sum grant ; and
由二一年至今社會福利署以競投合約方式批出的社會服務單位數目和就各個服務單位收到的標書數目，以及透過上述方式批出的服務單位成本價，與整筆撥款資助的有關成本價如何比較；及 -
The welfare costs of tariffs, monopolies, and theft
壟斷和偷竊的福利成本 -
He defined the famous welfare triangle, the area under the inverse money demand function, as the welfare costs of inflation
他將著名的「福利三角」 ? ?貨幣需求曲線以下部分的面積? ?定義為通貨膨脹的福利成本。 -
Health and social welfare costs associated with the ageing population would increase, while the number of salaries tax payers would decrease
人口老化會引致政府在醫療和社會福利方面的支出增加，但繳納薪俸稅的人數卻會減少。 -
In the second section, the research of bailey ( 1956 ) is introduced in detail. he was the first economist who presented the method of how to measure the welfare costs of inflation
第二部分詳細介紹了bailey （ 1956 ）的工作，他是第一個提出如何計量通貨膨脹福利成本的經濟學家。 -
While economists designing plans may worry about ex ante welfare costs, public or private plan administrators may also worry about ex post regret - the after - the - fact costs of a decision
經濟學家在制訂退休金計劃時，事先福利成本是個難以解決的問題。而對公眾或私人計劃的管理人來說，他們所要操心的還有後悔成本，即在知道結果后的成本。 -
For instance, for someone with minimal risk aversion, investing too little in equities can lead to large " ex ante welfare costs, " or the anticipated costs of making a decision before the outcome is known
例如，有人規避風險的心理不怎麼強，如果他在股票中投入的比例太低，就會產生大量「事先福利成本」 ，即在知道結果前先做決定的預期成本。 -
The goal of this paper is to introduce the researches about the welfare costs of inflation in detail, and then try to measure the costs of china, in the hope of filling up the blank in this field in china and motivating further researches
本文的寫作目的是對現有的關于平穩通貨膨脹的福利成本的理論及模型進行梳理和總結，並在此基礎上對中國的通貨膨脹福利成本進行計量，希望能夠拋磚引玉，填補國內這一方面的空白。 -
There are five sections in this paper. in the first section, the definition of the welfare costs of inflation is introduced and a brief summary about the previous researches is done to show where this line of research stands today. in a word, an assessment of the welfare costs of inflation requires a sound understanding of the benefits of monetary exchange relative to alternative payment arrangement or, equivalently, a theory of why money is useful
第一部分給出了平穩通貨膨脹（各期的通貨膨脹水平保持相同）下，通貨膨脹福利成本的定義，即在某一通貨膨脹水平下，需要補貼給公眾多少收入，才能使他們的效用水平與帕累托最優狀態下的效用水平保持一致;並對前人關于這一問題的研究做了較為詳細的綜述。 -
However, environment costs intemalization will face great difficulties in real operation because of natural resource pricing and property right making. the latter part analyzes the welfare effects and influence on international competition ability green trade barrier has exerted
后一部分通過分析了綠色貿易壁壘中常見措施的福利效應分析以及綠色貿易壁壘對國際競爭力的影響，得出綠色貿易壁壘措施的選擇以及綠色壁壘設置的恰當如否將會對一國經濟產生影響。 -
The welfare sector needed to control costs and enhance efficiency
福利界須控制開支和提高效率； -
This dissertation, based on such economic theory as benefits, costs and social welfare, analyzes the economic meaning to establish copyright system, and concludes that, copyright system matches the doctrine of economic benefits and there exists vital economic justification in the protection of the interests of authors, users of works and social public
文章運用效益、成本、社會福利等經濟學理論，分析著作權制度建立的經濟意義，得出結論：著作權制度符合經濟效率原理，在保護著作權人利益、作品使用者利益、社會公共利益上都有重要的經濟合理性。
分享友人