共變基向量 的英文怎麼說

In reference to the practical changes in the deregulated markets of the advanced countries in the area of europe, america and asia and the countermeasures of the countries, combing with the problems encountered in the marketing and sales practice of the panzhihua brach of sinopec, the paper applies the swot analysis method, rationally analyzes the outside environment and inside conditions. according to the characterizes of gasoline resources, and the market situation after it transformed from the monopolistic style of planning economy to the monopolistic competition style, the paper also analyze the strengths and weakness of the industry brought by the forthcoming event of the permission of the wholesales market of gasoline. based on the above analysis, the paper posits the marketing strategic objectives and measures as follows : ensuring the management of suppliers, adding the retail and direct sales network, improving operating qualities, making the customer relationship management and realizing the multi - benefits of company and customers

本文在營銷理論的基礎上，通過親身經歷，調查了解，深入研究了成品油在國際、國內市場中過去、現在的市場狀況和發展歷程，參考國際上歐美及亞洲發達國家先期放開成品油管制後市場的實際變化和應對措施，以及結合中石化攀枝花公司營銷工作中存在的問題，理性分析營銷外部環境和內部條件，運用swot分析法，根據成品油能源特點，就成品油市場從計劃經濟的壟斷形式轉向目前國際國內市場競爭的壟斷性競爭的形式后，對成品油批發市場即將準入后的優劣、利弊進行了分析和研究，提出了「作好供應商管理，增加零售和直銷網路、提高經營質量，充分做好客戶關系管理，實現公司和客戶共同成長」的營銷戰略目標和戰略措施。

On the basis of all the conclusions above, the thesis preparatorily advances that there is another factor of link transaction behavior affecting vertical relationship, and gives primary definition of relative concepts. the thesis advances that link transaction behavior can be classified into priority transaction, information informing, risk co - affording. in order to form effective vertical transaction relationship, the transaction parties will positively process link transation behavior, including transforming incontractible variants into contractible variants or analogously contractible variants

在此基礎上，本論文初步提出影響縱向關系的因素應該包括關系交易行為這一重要變量，並對關系交易行為和關系交易行為的相關概念作出初步的定義，初步提出企業的關系交易行為可以分為交易優先、信息告知、風險共擔三類，並在此基礎上初步分析其中的機理，並根據分析結果提出，當事人交易的過程是不斷提升關系的強度的過程，為了形成有效的縱向交易行為，當事人會主動進行信息告知等關系交易行為，通過把不可寫入合同的變量轉化為可以寫入合同或者可證實的變量來獲得有效交易。

4. engineering dhqase ( arod ) - deficient e. coli mutant with a second copy of the arob gene gene targeting technique was used to disrupt the arod gene in e. coli chromosome. the mutant 31bk was engineered, in which homologous recombination of the arobkanr gene cassette into the arod locus ( arod : : arobkanr ) of the e. coli strain atcc31884 genome utilized the helper plasmid pkd46 with red system. the host cell 31bk lacked catalytic activity of dhqase ( arod ) and had a second copy of the arob gene, so it improved carbon flow into the quinic acid biosynthesis direction

構建宿主菌基因精確定位突變株31bk （ arod : : arobkan ~ r ）為了改變代謝途徑脫氫奎尼酸（ dhq ）分支點上的代謝流量，使之充分流向目的產物奎尼酸合成方向，利用基因打靶技術構建了31884宿主菌arod基因精確定位插入突變體，使dhq脫水酶（ dhqase ）失活，阻斷了碳代謝流流向芳香氨基酸生成的方向，同時用同源重組的方法將arob基因定位整合入染色體上，解除了限速酶對碳代謝流通過共同途徑到達dhq的阻遏影響，並減輕代謝負擔。

In chapter four, using the quantum statistics method we study the cohesion of a metallic nanowire irradiated under electromagnetic wave based on the results in chapter three. we obtain that the cohesion force is effected notably only when the frequency of electromagnetic field is at the vicinity of the energy span of the lateral levels of the nanowire

第四章以第三章的工作為基礎，用量子統計的方法，分析了太赫茲電磁波部分輻照對金屬納米線內聚力的影響，得到了只有當外場頻率與橫向模式共振時內聚力才有顯著變化的結論。

Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1

故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。

Covariant base vectors

共變基向量

Forever the without limits innovation spirit because this spirit is precisely numerical code rationality choice multiplication, the positive upward values centralism manifests, is precisely develops the establishment in take the public ownership system as the main body, in diversified economies ingredient communal development foundation socialist market economy objective need, is precisely china s enterprise dares to greet the economical globalization and the knowledge economy flood tide challenge need, is precisely any enterprise unceasingly through the system innovation, the organization innovation, the technical innovation, the pursue enterprise incessant realization great span, jumps the type, continues the need to develop, also will be unceasingly develops the enterprise general staffs to innovate spiritual, the offer spirit, the realistic spirit, the casting enterprise soul basis is at, in this kind forever under under the without limits innovation spirit guidance, the drive the enterprise culture will be able to transform the giant material force, the enterprise culture can become the modern business management the scientific idea, the surmounting enterprise life cycle infinite power

-追求卓越永無止境永無止境的創新精神，因為這一精神正是積極向上的價值觀的集中體現，正是發展建立在以公有制為主體，多種經濟成份共同發展基礎上社會主義市場經濟的客觀需要，正是中國的企業敢於迎接經濟全球化和知識經濟大潮挑戰的需要，正是任何一個企業不斷通過制度創新組織創新技術創新追求企業不斷實現大跨度跳躍式持續發展的需要，也是不斷發展企業廣大員工創新精神奉獻精神求實精神鑄造企業靈魂的根本所在，在這種永無止境的創新精神引導下激勵下企業文化才能轉變成巨大的物質力量，企業文化才能成為現代企業管理的科學理念，超越企業生命周期的無窮動力。

The basic structure of the dissertation and the introduction of the chapters the dissertation consists of seven chapters, besides chapter 1 as an introduction and chapter 7 as a summary, chapter 2 - 6 are the main body of the dissertation, in which chapter 2 studies the industrial trait of investment, chapter 3 examines the institutional trait of industrial investment, chapter 4 investigates the determinate factor of investment flow in china ’ s industries of the industry in economy transition, chapter 5 examines the effects of changes of financing channels in transition economy, chapter 6 study the stock adjustment of capital

一、論文基本結構及章節簡介本論文一共由七章組成，除作為導言的第1章和作為總結的第7章之外，第2章到第6章是本論文的主體。所以，論文在一個導言的導引下，分五個章節對轉軌經濟的產業投資進行詳細的論述，最後一章對各章節研究進行結論性評述作為結束。其中，第2章研究是投資的產業屬性、第3章研究的是產業投資的制度性質、第4章研究投資的流向及流量決定因素、第5章研究的是產業投資融資渠道變化的效應、第6章研究的是產業存量資產調整。

Aim : to analyze the mechanism, thermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors of thermally induced phase separation ( tips ) in order to completely grasp the factors affecting the size, distribution and form of pores, so that the adjusted range of pore can be widened and the preparation of porous membrane can be repeated and controlled. methods : considering from the structural characteristics of tissue engineered materials, the methods of preparing porous membrane using tips technique, the hermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed, the problems and investigative directions in the future were also analyzed. tips technique is a process of phase separation of polymer homogenous solution under quenching, and it is suitable for diameter and structural form of the micropore materials prepared using tips are closely correlated with the kind and dispensing proportion of polymer attrnuant, polymer concentration and polymer molecular mass, etc. conducted, including determination of polymer - solvent system phase diagram, study of form and appearance of porous membrane of different thickness, study of form and appearance of porous membrane prepared with systems of different x, which is the parameter of polymer - solvent interaction

目的:分析熱致相分離成膜過程的機理、熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素，以便充分掌握影響孔度大小、分佈、形態的因素，使孔度調控范圍得以拓寬，使多孔膜的制備能重復可控.方法:從組織工程材料結構特點出發，分析熱致相分離聚合物多孔膜的制備方法及該法成膜的熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素.並分析實驗中存在的問題及今後的研究方向.結果:以熱致相分離法可制備聚合物多孔膜.熱致相分離法制備多孔膜是高聚物均相溶液在淬冷條件下發生相分離的過程，它適用於上臨界共溶溫度型聚合物一稀釋劑二元體系.熱致相分離法成膜的過程，可以認為是旋節線機理佔主導地位.熱致相分離法制備的微孔材料，其孔隙率、孔徑大小、結構形態與聚合物稀釋劑的種類、組成配比、聚合物濃度、聚合物分子量等因素密切相關.結論:可採用熱致相分離技術制備多孔膜，通過改變不同的成膜條件可獲得一系列不同孔徑尺寸和孔徑分佈的多孔膜材料.對熱致相分離成膜過程中聚合物-溶劑體系的相圖測定，不同厚度的多孔膜形貌研究，不同x （聚合物-溶劑相互作用參數）體系所制備的多孔膜形貌等需深人研究

The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level

文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。

The amount of nb3si / nb5si3 increases, their morphology tends to be more regular, their distribution becomes more homogeneously with the increasing of withdrawing rate. the microstructure is better oriented along the longitudinal axis of the samples when the withdrawing rate is between 0. 6 and 6. 0mm / min. at the same withdrawing rate, the microstructure changes from the beginning part to the ending part of the samples

鈮?硅基rmics材料原始鑄態組織由初生nb基固溶體和在其間分佈的nb基固溶體+硅化鈮共晶團組成；隨著抽拉速率的增大，定向凝固共晶組織中硅化鈮強化相細化、數量增多、分佈趨于規則和均勻，定向效果顯著；在相同抽拉速率條件下，區熔試樣的組織從起始段到終止段發生了改變。

In the process to create and pass to the key account value, it is necessary to grasp the success factors for the kam which includes common interest, communication, commitment, credibility, compromise, collaboration and the change of the relationship. part 4 give a method for the kam of hd copper co., ltd., it requires the company construct the key account belief, make a key account management plan strategically, do the work that the plan requires and control the relationship between the key account and the hd copper co., ltd., check the work and notice the change of the relationship, and develop the new key accounts. the main innovative contribution in the paper includes the follow aspects : establishing a system analysis framework for kam in strategically thinking the relationship between the company and its key accounts, exploring the significance and profile of the key account group of profitability, strategy, and loyalty, putting forward three levels of the key accounts " value, concluding the success factors for kam, thinking the relationship between the company and its key accounts as four stages

為了實現這個目標，本文的第三部分深入分析了大客戶關系管理的有效策略及需要把握的成功要素，為了制定有效的策略，需要把握大客戶關系變化的特徵，把大客戶關系發展過程中的生、長、衰、死四個階段都管理好:大客戶關系管理的有效策略是創造和提升大客戶價值，需要從價格、質量、速度、技術、創新和品牌等大客戶價值要素入手，把握大客戶價值創造的動態特徵，向大客戶傳遞核心大客戶價值、大客戶期望價值和超越大客戶期望的價值，大客戶價值是大客戶認知利益與大客戶認知價格的差額;在為大客戶創造和傳遞大客戶價值時，需要把握住大客戶關系管理的成功要素，包括企業與大客戶的共同利益基礎、雙向交流和溝通、企業信守承諾、樹立企業的信譽、企業對大客戶必要的妥協和讓步、與大客戶合作、注意公司與大客戶內部和外部環境及關系本身的變化。

A widely used method for checking real - time systems is, according to the real - time property to be checked, to use a proper bi - simulation equivalence relation to convert the infinite - timed state space to a finite equivalence class space. the algorithm needs only to explore the finite space to get a correct answer. in most cases, exhaustive exploration is very difficult because the equivalence class space increases explosively when the scale of the system increases. in this paper, an equivalence relation is introduced to check whether a concurrent system, which is composed of a finite set of real - time automata, satisfies a linear duration property. to avoid exhaustive exploration, this paper also introduces a compatibility relation between timed states ( configurations ). based on these two relations, an algorithm is proposed to check whether a real - time automaton network satisfies a linear duration property. the cases study shows that under some conditions this algorithm has better efficiency than the tools in the literature

一個被廣泛用於驗證實時系統的方法是根據被驗證的實時性質，使用適當的雙向模擬等價關系使無限的狀態空間轉化為有限的狀態等價類空間.演算法只需要在這個有限的等價類空間里搜索就可以得到正確答案.但是，這個等價類空間的規模一般隨著系統規模的增大而產生爆炸性的增長，以至於在很多情況下，窮盡搜索這個空間是不現實的.該文引入了一個等價關系來驗證一個由多個實時自動機通過共享變量組成的並發系統是否滿足一個線性時段特性.同時，還引入了格局之間的兼容關系來避免對狀態等價類空間的窮盡搜索.基於這兩個關系，文章提出了一個演算法來驗證是否一個實時自動機網滿足一個線性時段特性.實例研究顯示，此演算法在某些情況下比其他一些工具有更好的時間和空間效率

Ms. martine pauletto, from the headquarter at france, publicized an essay named " web based substation remote monitoring and maintenance ". through a live demonstration of online monitoring, she introduced the concept of " transparent ready " of schneider electric. based on this concept, a solution was provided to customers, ensuring them with a more efficient and reliable mutual share of power network information, as well as a better quality of their service quality

來自法國總部的martinepauletto女士發表了一篇《基於網際網路技術的變電站遠方監測及維護》的論文，她通過生動的現場網際網路監控演示，向與會者介紹了施耐德電氣的「透明電力」概念，基於這個概念的解決方案會使所有用戶們更加有效且可靠地共享電網信息，並提高他們的服務質量。

In the presence of impulsive noise, the two received signals are combinated, so the estimated impulse response of the channel is the eigenvector of its covariation matrix corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue, which can be realized adaptively using generalization of the normalized least mean - norm ( generalized nlmp ) algorithm

該演算法在脈沖噪聲環境下，組合兩個接收信號，使其共變矩陣最小特徵值對應的特徵向量為通道的估計，並基於廣義歸一化最小平均范數（廣義nlmp ）方法自適應得到該特徵向量，從而獲得時延估計。

Finally, these departments ca n ' t establish the information system and logistic system which can quick respond to the customers relate to cost. quality deliverable our country economy system is changing, it is changing from socialism planning economy to market economy. it is very important for us to research the supply chain management, we can learn from the foreign country " s enterprise practice. our goal of use of scm is controlling inventory, improving supply quality and strengthening the competitive capability

我國航空企業特別是材料采購在傳統計劃體制與運作模式下，多數是自成一個封閉系統，不重視對供應鏈的管理；製造商、供應商和經銷商缺乏長期合作的戰略夥伴關系，相互之間缺乏以信任和共同獲利為基礎的價值鏈，沒有形成滿足顧客在成本、質量、交貨時間等方面的要求而反映敏捷的物流和信息流。我國正在由計劃經濟體制向市場經濟體制轉變，研究國外近來發展迅速的供應鏈管理理論與方法並應用於gj航空公司的實際，對控制庫存、提高服務水平、增強市場競爭能力，有重要的現實意義。

This research main content is take our country present stage countryside public service supplies pattern vicissitude prospect as a carrier, take the politics theory as the philosophy foundation, take the marxism theory of the state as the instruction, using the real diagnosis research, the literature research and the flexible research unifies the method, holds the massive realistic materials for the foundation, take the public service supplies way as the master line, systematically discussed our country countryside public service supplies pattern characteristic, the function, the history evolved, the reform value orientation, the way selection principle, the safeguard mechanism as well as the supplies pattern innovation concrete strategy choice

本項研究的主要內容是以我國現階段農村公共服務供給模式的變遷圖景為載體，以政治學理論為哲學基礎，以馬克思主義國家學說為指導，運用實證研究、文獻研究和權變性研究相結合的方法，在佔有大量現實資料的基礎上，以公共服務供給方式為主線，系統地探討了我國農村公共服務供給模式的特點、作用、歷史演變、改革的價值取向、路徑選擇原則、保障機制以及供給模式創新的具體策略選擇。