共轉導 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gòngzhuǎndǎo]
共轉導
英文
cotransduction-
The b lymphocyte stim lator ( blys ) also known as baff, tall - 1, thank, ztnf4, is the most recent addition to the tumor necrosis factor family ( tnf ) ligands. blys induces both in vivo and in vitro b cell proliferation, differentiation and immunoglob lin secretion. meanwhile, it also strongly suppresses the growth of tumor cell lines. the over - production of blys is associated with the development of certain autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythaematosus ( sle ), rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, sj greh ' s syndrome
人b淋巴細胞刺激因子（ hblys ）是1999年發現的腫瘤壞死因子超家族成員。最早發現其可誘導腫瘤細胞凋亡，之後發現它是一個強有力的b細胞共刺激因子，它在體外及轉基因動物體內可明顯刺激b細胞的生長，免疫球蛋白分泌，並導致動物自身免疫性改變。Obtaining transgenic male sterile tobacco in order to prove that hsp70 antisense cdna can lead to male sterility, with plasmid 3301 + 650, 3301 + 651 we transformed 207 aspetic tobacco leaves by genegun bombarding and agrobacterium mediation ( 109 by genegun bombarding, 98 by agrobacterium ). by cultivating them in blotting media containing basta 0. 4 mg / 1, we get 181 resistant leaves ( 98 by genegun bombarding, 88 by agrobacterium mediating )
獲得轉基因雄性不育煙草為了證實hsp70反義cdna能創造雄性不育，我們將3301 + 650和3301 + 651質粒用基因槍和農桿菌介導法轉化煙草無菌發芽的葉片，共207片（基因槍109片，農桿菌98片） 。在含basta0 . 4mg l的篩選培養基上進行篩選，得到抗性葉片181片（基因槍93片，農桿菌88片） 。Based on the analyses on mechanical properties, microstructure and fracture of - the microalloyed steels socrv with various heat treatment technique, it can be affirmed that various fractures arttribute to various mechanism, we can draw conclusion that the strength and toughness of microalloyed steels 50crv will be increase simultaneously by optimal heat treatment technique. to illustrate the mechanism of the strength and toughness of microalloyed steels socrv, we designed the comparative experiment and observed the microstructure of the sample which occurred at different quench and tempering temperature and different tempering time. the last experiment results were determined by the four factors : fined microalloyed elements grains, the decompound of martensite, martensite transformation of remnant austenite and the second phase precipitation
為解釋微合金化50crv鋼強韌化機理，本文通過對不同淬火溫度，回火溫度，回火時間下的力學性能指標的對比及顯微分析，認為微合金元素的細化晶粒，馬氏體的回火分解，殘余奧氏體的轉變，第二相的沉澱析出共同決定了微合金鋼的強韌化情況，特別是由於微合金元素的存在，其細化晶粒及其碳氮化物的沉澱析出，導致鋼的良好的強韌性，並且如果工藝滿足第二相的沉澱析出強化大於回火馬氏體分解引起的軟化效應，會在硬度曲線中產生明顯的二次硬化現象。Secondly, the course of transformation in china ' s grass - root shows that political integration by power exclusively uses national power as the main measure of political integration, that the state executes in a sovereignty capacity a simplex " reflexive monitoring " to societies within the " national boundaries ". in order to secure the national power to arrive quickly and effectively at each would - be integrated stage, the state eliminates those tanglesome characteristics of all the integration objects, and regard them as indistinctive abstract existence wanting technical treatment. thus, integration of this kind holds the political community externally, rather than internally and organically
第二，以中國基層社會為敘述場景的社會轉型歷程表明，國家權力支配型的政治整合排他性地將國家權力作為政治整合的主導手段，國家以主權者的身份對處于「國界」中的社會實施一元化的「反思性監控」 ，並為了保證國家權力能夠迅捷有效地抵達有待整合的各個層面，而消除了一切整合對象的「雜多」個性，將之視為有待技術化處理的無差別的抽象存在，致使這種整合形式只能維系政治共同體的外在統一，而無法實現作為「共同體」應有之義的內在凝聚和有機團結。The negative photoconductivity effect was found in the dimixing phthalocyanine composites. the experiment results indicated that the negative photoconductivity effects were closely related with the partial charge transfer from the center metals to phthalocyanine rings, and the separation efficiency of photocarriers was a key factor to the photoconductivity
結果表明，共混復合后，其光電導性能表現出負效應，並發現酞菁中心金屬與其相連的氮原子之間的部分電荷轉移是引起復合體系光電導性能變化的根本原因，同時復合體系中的電子空穴對的分離效率是影響光電性能的一個重要因素。In the part of detector, it mainly introduces the design of liquor tubes, heater, pressurize, and thermocouple ; in the part of controller, this design uses tms320lf2407 as the cpu. the design part mainly introduces controller circuit design which mainly contains data collection circuit, prepositive magnifying circuit, a / d convert circuit, failure self - diagnosis circuit, the tms320lf2407 interface circuit, temperature control circuit, display circuit, 4 ~ 20ma standard signal output circuit ; in the software part, it mainly introduces software chart of main program and partly linearization subprogram design
檢測器部分重點介紹了導流管的設計、加熱器的設計、密封技術的設計以及測溫電路的設計;控制器部分以tms320lf2407為核心，重點介紹了控制器電路設計，主要包括數據選擇電路、前置放大電路、 a / d轉換電路、故障自診斷電路、 tms320lf2407介面電路、控溫電路、顯示電路、 4 20ma標準信號輸出電路共八個部分;軟體設計重點介紹了主程序軟體設計及分段線性化子程序設計。And the resuits are as follows : the main hazards in rural area were flood, water - logging, landslide and debris flow, whereas water - logging in cities ; the catastrophe was caused by the natural factors including the heavy rain due to the strong tropical storm, the mountainous terrain conditions in xiangjiang river basin, and the man - made factors including unreasonable project construction, the imperfect disaster warning mechanism, the weak consciousness on disaster prevention and the unperfect disaster risk transfer mechanism etc
結果表明：農村的主要致災因子是洪水、內澇、滑坡、泥石流，而城市主要為內澇；此次巨災是在強熱帶風暴引發的暴雨、湘江流域中上游多山的地形條件等自然因素，和工程建設不合理、災害預警機制不夠完善、人們防災意識薄弱以及災害風險轉移機制不夠成熟等人為因素的共同作用下導致的。This thesis was divided into eight chapters, and the main results and innovations obtained here can be summarized as follows : ( 1 ) the physics model of tsrs in frequency conversion crystals has been built up firstly. based on quantum - mechanical viewpoints and the following physical processes and parameters : the two - photo interaction of light with matter, paraxial diffraction of stokes, langevin noise sources, reflection at the faces and the edges of crystals, gain coefficient, beam aperture, pulse width and fluence of 3, the physics model of tsrs in kdp and kdp crystals acting as high - fluence frequency convector and the paraxial operator maxwell - bloch - langevin equations have been built up
全文共分八章，取得的主要成果及創新點如下： （ 1 ）首次建立了諧波轉換晶體的tsrs物理模型本文根據量子力學原理，在考慮如下物理過程和參量的基礎上：光與物質的雙光子相互作用； stokes光的傍軸衍射； langevin （郎茲萬）噪聲源；晶體表面反射和端面反射；增益系數、光束口徑、脈寬和三倍頻光能量密度，推導出高通量激光在kdp和kd ~ * p諧波轉換晶體中的tsrs物理模型和空間上的近軸算符maxwell - bloch - langevin方程組。First, a new locally conformal fdtd scheme suitable for analyzing bulletheaded slot is presented, with which the errors of two schemes transforming from bulletheaded slot into rectangular slot are compared. this new algorithm is also employed in analyzing an oblique bulletheaded slot in the broad wall of a rectangular waveguide
本文首次構造了一種適合於波導圓頭縫隙的共形fdtd方案，應用該方案對工程上方頭和圓頭縫隙的轉換誤差做了研究，並分析了傾斜組合裂縫的特性。The result shows that with the addition of rare earth elements, ultrasonic irradiation and magnetic field, the chemical component, surface configuration, microstructure and properties of electroless co - ni - b and co - fe - b alloy changes remarkably. such kind of change can be described as the followings. firstly the depositing speed of electroless alloy bath is raised while the polarizability and cathodic overpotential are reduced ; secondly the surface quality of the alloy coating and adhesion of the coating and matrix are improved ; thirdly in the coatings the content of the elements in the transient group increases, but the content of cobalt decreased ; fourthly the amorphous structure is transformed to microcrystal structure and polycrystal structure ; fifthly the microhardness and wear resistance of the coating are enhanced ; sixthly coercitive force is reduced, and magnetoconductivity of the coating is increased ; lastly the magnetic intensity of the coating increases with the addition of energy and light rare earth elements such as ce, la and decreases with the addition of heavy rare earth elements such as y. on the other side, when the alloy coatings passes through the heat treatment under the temperature of 250 or 500, their properties will change
結果顯示化學沉積co - ni - b 、 co - fe - b工藝在稀土元素（ ce 、 la 、 y 、 dy ） 、能量（超聲波、磁場）介入后，沉積過程、合金成分、鍍層形貌結構和性能都有顯著變化，表現在：鍍液的陰極極化過電位和極化度降低，沉積速度提高；鍍層的結合力、表面質量改善；鍍層中過渡族元素的含量增加，輕元素硼的含量降低，同時證實了稀土元素與過渡族元素共沉積的可能性；鍍層的顯微結構由非晶態向微晶和多晶態轉變；鍍層的顯微硬度與耐磨性提高，力學性能優化；鍍層的矯頑力降低；磁導率提高；鍍層的磁化強度在能量（超聲波、磁場）和輕稀土元素ce 、 la介入后提高，重稀土元素y介入后降低。Acoustooptic deflector is the significant component of the optical devices such as integrated optical spectrograph, tunable filter, scanner, convolver, correlator and optical switch etc. acoustooptic deflector can be divided into collinear and non - collinear, bulky and wave - guided, body devices and surface devices
聲光偏轉器是集成光學頻譜儀、可調諧濾波器、掃描儀、卷積器等光學器件的重要組件、聲光偏轉器可分為共線式和非共線式、塊體型和波導型以及體波器件和表面波器件。In the areas of less developed economy where the investment of finance fund is far less than enough to meet the needs in favoring and promoting the developments of the local economy and society and even to keep the local organs operating normally, which results in the slow development of local economy and society, which is attributable to the fact that the use of our country ' s current finance fund ca n ' t embody the financial management requirements of public finance and give full play to the government ' s functions
在我國經濟體制轉軌時期，政府的理財專家? ?財政正面臨著嚴重的收支困難，尤其是經濟欠發達地區的地方財政，所面臨的財政收支困難更為嚴重，財政資金在支持和促進地方經濟與社會發展方面的投入遠遠不能滿足需要，有時甚至不能維持地方機構的正常運轉，導致地方經濟與社會的發展緩慢。這種現象的出現，與我國目前財政資金的使用不能體現公共財政的理財要求、充分發揮政府的職能與作用有關。Mitogen - activated protein ( map ) kinase signal transduction cascades are routes through which eukaryotic cells deliver extracellular messages to the cytosol and nucleus, and the increasing evidences showed that mapks are involved in aba -, sa - or h2o2 - signaling respectively. in addition, plant guard cells have been a well - developed model system for understanding how components interact within a signaling network in a single cell
本實驗在表皮生物分析的基礎上，主要利用顯微注射技術、膜片鉗技術和激光共聚焦顯微技術，運用專一性蛋白激酶抑制劑處理，探索蛋白激酶對蠶豆（ viciafabal . ）氣孔保衛細胞中aba和sa誘導的h _ 2o _ 2產生及其信號轉導影響機理，結果如下： 1Finally, a tranfer vector named as pltk - ha was constructed based on pltk - uni with insertion of ha gene of h3 subtype srv. the pltk - ha and prv bartha - k61 genomic dna were co - transfected into 50 - 70 % confluent vero cells in 6 - cm dishes. based on the expression of lacz gene, recombinant prv were selected and purified by blue - colored virus plaque
利用脂質體介導的方法，將pltk - ha與prvbartha - k61基因組共轉染于亞單層vero細胞，依據報告基因lacz在細胞中的表達，篩選藍色蝕斑的重組病毒，經數次蝕斑純化后， pcr鑒定、 western - blot分析。The results showed that pcr applify a 485 specific molecular band in 672 individuals, the rate of positive reaction is 60 %, southern blot result shows a strong signal in transgenic fish. it is concluded that hu - - ifn gene has been integrated and expression. it is also that foreign gene integrating position and copy number is different individuals, by elis a detecting, 23. 5 % transgenic fish " were detected hu - - ifn gene expression in all 672 transgenic fish, but expression level of hu - - dfn is significant difference in different individuals and growth period
2000年共顯微注射32197粒草魚受精卵，出苗12945尾草魚魚苗，經孵化培育最後獲得1120尾五寸左右草魚，對1120尾草魚提取血液總dna進行pcr和southern雜交檢測， 2000年轉導的草魚的pcr檢測結果，有672尾草魚即600k轉化個體的總dna能擴增出一條485kb的特異分子帶，說明轉化個體整合有huj ifn基因，經southern雜交進一步證實，轉入的抗病相關基因己在轉基因草魚體內染色體上得以整合，但整合位點沒有固定區域，整合的拷貝數存在較大差異。Ebv gp350 and c3d bind selectively to the same site on the cr2, epitopes on scr - 1 and scr - 2 are necessary for the binding. as soon as c3d binds to scr - 1 and scr - 2, cr2 may cross - link - 8 - to memberane ig and form a " co - capping " structure, moreover, activate b lymphocyte through cd19, a component of cd19 / cd21 / cd81 / leul3 complex, signaling and / or nucleolin tyrosine phosphorylation independent on cd 19 signaling pathway
配體與scr l和scr 2結合后， crz與細胞膜免疫球蛋白（ inlg ）形成「共帽」 kofthofcccptor ）結構，並經過d19c 21兒81肚u13復合體中d19的信號轉導以及不依賴于cd途徑的核仁素（ nucleolin ）酪氨酸磷酸化激活b細胞。Despite the recognitions of the central role played by aba in regulation stomatal functions, the signal transduction events leading to alterations of the stomatal aperture remain incompletely understood
盡管人們對aba誘導氣孔關閉的作用已取得共識，但對其信號轉導的某些細節問題仍不清楚。The recombinant pcr technic was used to introduce a linking peptide klgggg to the site between scfv single chain form of the monoclonal antibody sz - 51 specific for the glycoprotein gmp140 on activated platelet membrane and uk32 low molecular weight form of pro - urokinase, to make the scfv - linker - uk32 chimeric gene. this gene was cloned into the transfer vector pbacpak9, and cotransfected with bacpak6 bsu36i digest into sf 9 cells. the fusion protein was secreted into the medium. in the fifth day after the cotransfection, the supernatant of the medium showed 107 iu ml fibrinolytic activity, higher than 25 iu ml fibrinolytic activity of scfv - uk32. elisa showed that the supernatant had the binding activity to activated platelet. wastern blotting also indicated that the supernatant could bind to the monoclonal antibody of urokinase b chain
為了提高重組導向溶栓分子scfv - uk32的溶纖活性，通過重組pcr方法在編碼scfv與uk32的堿基之間引入編碼klgggg連接肽的堿基序列，並克隆到轉移載體pbacpak9上，通過與線性病毒dna bacpak6 bsu36i digest共轉染到昆蟲細胞sf 9內，進行表達。表達產物分泌到上清中，共轉染后第5d天用纖維平板法測得sf 9細胞上清溶纖活性達到107 iu ml ，比未引入連接肽的scfv - uk32的表達活性25 iu ml高。The mechanism of signal recognition and transduction in the establishment of mycorrhizal associations
菌根共生體形成過程中的信號識別與轉導機制This article summarized the advance of the co - transformation research in recent years, especially expatiated the new types, mechanism, effect factors and application foreground of agrobacterium mediated co - transformation systems
筆者綜述了目前國內外在共轉化上的研究進展，尤其對農桿菌介導的共轉化系統的新類型、作用機理、影響因素及其應用前景進行了闡述。分享友人