凍土面 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [dòngtǔmiàn]
凍土面
英文
frost table-
Roll over protective structure ( rops ) is a device which installs on out of construction vehicle. the main functions are : when the vehicle rolling over. rops can prevent the vehicle from rolling over further, and reduce the possibility of rolling vehicle injures operator ; when the vehicle traveling on freezing soil. concrete and rock, it has large resist continuous impact ability ; when the vehicle overturning rops can support the whole vehicle. arrangement of falling object protective structure ( fops ) can block objects ( such as trees, rocks ) so that supply protection for operator. this problem is that research rolling over and falling objects protective structure of bulldozer by learning research condition of rops / fops and relative lay down international standard. on the base of theory analysis. detrudes counting formula of rops / fops deformation through founding mechanics analysis model of rops / fops at the stage of elasticity and plastoelastic. and finds a set of feasible nonlinear finite element analysis counting. lt calculates rops / fops plastoelastic deforma variable of 320hp bulldozer, bulldozer has been carried out by optimizing design method
其主要功能是：當車輛滾翻時， rops能刺入未凍土壤而阻止車輛的進一步滾翻，降低滾翻的車輛對系著安全帶司機軋傷的可能性；保證rops在碰撞和沖擊變形不大的地面（如凍土、混疑土上、巖石）時，能具有相當大的抗連續沖擊能力；當車輛已經處于顛覆狀態時，已經變形的rops應能支撐住整車。落物保護裝置（簡稱fops ） ，其構件的布置方式要能遮蔽墜落的物體（如，樹木、巖石等） ，以便對司機提供適當的保護。本課題主要通過了解國內外有關對rops fops的研究情況和有關國際標準的制定，對大型推土機傾翻和落物保護裝置進行研究，在理論分析的基礎上，通過建立rops fops的力學分析模型，推導彈性、彈塑性階段rops fops變形的計算公式，建立一套可行的rops fops的非線性有限元分析計算方法。The first geologic reason for degeneration of the eco - environment in the headwater area of the yellow river is that the increase of the recent geologic function caused desertification and grasslands resource decreased and underside changed, destroied the balance of water - air - heat in the area ; the second is that the water environment changes by the degradation and atrophy of frozen earth cause multilayer and synthesis cause of formation degeneration of the eco - environment ; the third is that the man and rats function accelerated degeneration of the eco - environment in the headwater area of the yellow river
摘要黃河源區生態環境惡化的地質原因之一是現代地質作用增強，形成以荒漠化為主的草地資源退化與下墊面改變，地區水氣熱平衡破壞；二是因凍土退化、萎縮，引起水環境變異，導致多層面與綜合成因的生態環境惡化；三是人為及鼠類活動對源區生態環境惡化起著推波助瀾的作用。Applying those engineering techniques, at present, the following results are obtained : the ground temperatures on the top and at the bottom of an embankment made of crushed rock are all lower than those of common embankment, so the crushed rock embankment is of great advantage of decreasing embankment temperature, and becomes an effective and initiative engineering measure to protect permafrost ; the crushed rock embankment can actively adjust the temperature difference between south slop and north slop, and mitigate the asymmetry of ground temperature ; the deformation of the crushed rock embankment is less than that of common embankment
通過以上的施工技術，取得了相應的階段性成果：片石路基片石層頂面、底面與路基基底位置處地溫分別低於普通路基相同位置處地溫，片石路基有利於降低路基地溫，是一種有效的主動保護多年凍土工程措施；片石路基在調節路基陰陽坡地溫起到了積極的作用，減輕了路基地溫不對稱性的發生；對比片石路基和普通路基的路基變形量，片石路基的變形量相對較小。The frozen damage of slab - foundation of channel irrigation structures in the northeast of china is the most serious and includes the general characteristics of frozen damage of the channel irrigation structures
我國凍土分佈面積極為廣闊，雖然東北地區渠系水工建築物的板基凍害最為嚴重，但也是其它地區的共性問題。The aim of this thesis studies frozen - heave forces on culvert brake slab - foundation. first, it introduces the reasons and types of frozen damage of the slab - foundation in seasonal frozen soil conditions. secondly, the experimental studies of frozen soil mechanics were decided in order to revolve frozen - heave forces on the slab - foundation
本論文以涵閘平板式基礎作為研究對象，首先探討了平板基礎凍脹破壞的原因及破壞類型，並圍繞涵閘工程平板基礎的凍脹力進行了工程凍土力學方面的試驗研究。For example the concrete faced rock - fill dam in frigid zone is distinctive in terms of frost resistance and durability, cushion material seepage prevention and frost heave, adaptability of darn filling with season coordination among construction diversion, flood discharge and the whole construction schedule etc. lianhua construction which is situated in mudanjiang basin of heilongjiang province firstly creates the successful record of construction of large - size faced rock - fill dam in frigid zone, a series of internal and external problems not having a precedent to go by have been solved
如在面板的抗凍耐久性、墊層材料防滲和凍脹特性、壩體填築與季節的適應性、導流和度汛與總體進度的協調等方面，寒冷地區混凝土面板堆石壩均有其獨特之處。蓮花工程位於黑龍江省牡丹江流域，首創了高寒地區修建大型面板堆石壩的成功記錄，解決了一系列國內外均無先例的難題。In the first part of this dissertation, theory of fracture mechanics of the frozen soil has been presented. a general strength theory based on fracture mechanics was proposed, and the validity of the theory using in frozen soil was discussed. the fracture toughness values for different kinds of cracks extension were determined, such as the plane strain fracture toughness for mode i cracking ( kic ), fracture toughness for mode cracking of frozen soil and the intersection of frozen soil and concrete
論文第二章為凍土斷裂力學的基本理論，包括斷裂力學在凍土研究中的工程適用性、條件適用性、平面應變斷裂韌度測試的適用條件等，給出了凍土斷裂韌度k _ （ c ） 、 k _ （ c ） 、 -型復合斷裂測試的基本原理及試驗方法，並基於weibull脆性破壞理論推導了凍土三點彎曲試樣k _ （ c ）尺寸效應系數，為後面的工作提供理論基礎。Based on the thoroughly analysis of the runoff formation characteristics in the cold zone and the roles of snow and frozen earth especially, the following phenomenon and processes are successful simulated, and a series results are obtained
冰雪和凍土的水文物理特性，及其對徑流形成過程的作用，是寒區流域產匯流的主要矛盾或矛盾的主要方面。From experimental result, i preliminarily know that eps is good thermal insulation material because the absorption of water is low and heat insulation is good, it is practicable at preserving temperature field of frozen earth roadbed and bringing frozen disaster under control ; second, according to the analysis of the eps that is applied into practical project, i have studied the practical effect which eps preserve roadbed temperature field, and the influence that was made after building field. i have get that eps can influence moisture content and frozen upper limit, through practical measuring data, i have studied freezing and expanding quantity and melting and submerging quantity during a complete frozen and melting cycle as well as have expanded and proved the practical application effect of eps with some reference significance to deep research of some connected problems. finally, through computer data analysis, setting up the analytical model of finite unit, i have simulated the temperature field of roadbed heat preservation, then expounded and proved that the height of embankment influenced the effect of thermal insulation material
其一是對聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（ eps ）保溫板以及天然路基土層、路堤填料進行了室內試驗分析，結合國內外現在的有關科研成果，綜合確定其各項特徵參數；從試驗結果初步認識到聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料是一種吸水率低，隔熱性好的保溫材料，在凍土路基溫度場的保護和凍害治理方面是可行的；其二通過eps保溫板在現場工程實踐中的應用分析，研究了保溫板在保護路基土層溫度場的實際效果以及修築路堤后造成的影響，保溫板對土體含水量、凍結上限的影響，通過實測資料，研究了在一個完整的凍融周期內整個路基的凍脹量和融沉變形量，論證了保溫板的實際應用效果，對有關問題的進一步研究和相關工程設計具有參考意義；其三，通過計算機數值分析，建立有限元分析模型，對保溫路基的溫度場進行了模擬計算，論證了路堤高度對保溫材料效果的影響。Take the gelmud - lhasa product oil pipeline as an example, the authors study and discuss some technical problems about pipeline construction in the permafrost region, including pipe laying methods to be selected, cathodic protection technology, weather and environment variation along pipeline route and environment control of pipeline route
以格拉輸油管道為例，探討了凍土地區管道工程可選擇的敷設方式、油氣管道的電保護技術、氣候和環境變化對管道的影響以及沿線環境管理等方面的問題。Thaw settlement cause negative friction. this paper base on the thought of " initiative cooling ", aim at three problems existing in common concrete pile used in frozen soil, a new type of pile is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of the classical pile used in frozen soil. pile body within active layer is fluted and refilled with porous materials such as gravels and ballasts, convection will be occur and then thermal exchange inside porous material in winter while only heat conduction exists in summer, as a result the soil around flutings will be cooled, so the top line of permafrost will be drive up
本文基於「主動冷卻」地基的思想，以及針對凍土地區普通混凝土樁存在的三大問題，提出了一種新型樁的設計思路，運用數值模擬試驗手段對其冷卻機理與加固機理進行了系統研究，即在凍融活動層的深度范圍內，在混凝土樁身的表面刻槽，修築完時槽內填充碎石、塊石等多孔介質，通過外界大氣溫度的自然波動下多孔介質在冬季時存在的對流換熱機制，而在夏季只存在熱傳導，來達到主動冷卻樁周凍土和抬升凍土上限的目的。The continual freezing and expanding, melting and submerging and melting and sinking of roadbed are the main problem on the building and maintaining of road in frozen earth area
路基周而復始的凍脹、融沉和熱融滑塌是凍土地區道路建設和維護所面臨的主要難題。So analyzing the unique environment the highways there faces and researching the performance of asphalt mixes base course, and to imply a complete atsm ( asphalt treated stones mixes ) design method for base is an important question of our country ' s construction in wide perennially frozen soil zone
目前我國瀝青穩定基層使用較少，在多年凍土地區更是空白，所以分析多年凍土地區公路所面臨的特殊自然環境，研究瀝青穩定碎石基層的路用特性，提出瀝青穩定碎石混合料的設計方法是我國廣大多年凍土地區公路建設的一個重要課題之一。To check the efficiency of the insulations, by varying the thickness, the width and the position of the insulations ( expandable polystyrene insulation layer ( eps ) ; polyurethane ( pu ) ) and the material of the roadbed surface in the calculation, the maximum thawed depths during the following 50 years on permafrost under the roadbed were simulated
為了檢驗保溫材料的效果，計算時採用改變保溫材料聚苯乙烯板（ eps ）和聚胺脂板（ pu ）的厚度、寬度、埋設位置及路基表面條件，來模擬路基面下多年凍土季節最大融化深度在今後50年內隨時間的變化。Seismic fracture, fault fracture and permafrost fracture all gave negative effects on engineering construction and formed geological hazards at many localities along the golmud - lhasa highway and railway ice fractures formed in freezing rivers and lakes and on the top of pingos have not shown any hazard effect on engineering constructions up to the present
地震破裂、斷層裂縫和凍土裂縫對青藏公路、青藏鐵路及沿線工程安全具有不良影響，這些地裂縫切割錯斷路基，形成路面破裂和路基滑塌，產生顯著的災害效應。Through surveying and analysis by synthesis of the environment of qingzang highway and the damage condition of the highway ' s base course, this paper take experiments of the key performances of the atsm, discusses the standards of control indexes of atsm for base courses in perennially frozen zone. by all the results of such experiments, a conclusion is obtained that the strength and all the pavement performances properties of the atsm are good enough to be used to build the base course of highway in perennially frozen soil zone
寒區半剛性基層強度較難形成，而形成板體的基層又大多出現嚴重的反射裂縫，影響了使用性能，因此，本文通過調查與分析青藏公路的自然條件和路面基層及面層的損壞狀況，對基層瀝青穩定碎石的強度、低溫抗裂、疲勞以及抗凍等各項路用性能進行了試驗研究，探討了多年凍土地區基層混合料的關鍵路用性能的各項指標。In this paper, based on the tracing field infiltration tests into frozen and unfrozen soils with three species of soil texture and eight species of soil structure in seasonal frozen soil regions during three overwinters, the basic infiltration characteristics, reduction infiltration mechanism and major factors influencing soil infiltration characteristics are studied all - sidedly and systematically. to master frozen soil infiltration characteristics and supply scientific directions for winter irrigation
本文基於季節性凍土區田間三種質地、八種結構歷時三個越冬期的凍土、非凍土入滲跟蹤試驗，全面、系統地研究了凍融土壤的入滲特性、阻滲機理和影響凍融土壤入滲特性的主要因素，掌握凍融條件下土壤水分入滲特性，為冬灌及農業節水灌溉提供科學依據。This article analyzes the characteristics of permafrost earth, establishes mathematical model of earth thermal transfer, which consists of thermal transfer equation in thaw zone, the conservation relationship of heat quantity transferring from pipeline to earth and from earth surface to atmosphere, earth temperatures at thaw zone interface, heat transfer condition of solid phase changing into liquid phase at phase interface
文章分析了永凍土的特點，建立了永凍土地帶土壤傳熱數學模型：融化圈內外傳熱方程、管道向土壤和土壤表面向大氣所放熱量的守恆關系、融化圈界面處土壤溫度、相變界面處固相變為液相的傳熱條件。Roadbed construction on permafrost will give substantial disturb for the heat and mass transfer balance between the ground surface and atmosphere, usually, roadbed construction increases the amount of absorbed heat via vegetation removal, solar radiation and increased role of water activities in the adjoining area, then cause the local degradation of the permafrost underneath, as a result may lead to damage of the roadbed
多年凍土區道路的修築，改變了原來天然地表與外界的熱交換關系，通常由於地面植被的破壞、太陽輻射和水的影響，導致進入地層中的熱量增加，引起多年凍土區凍土的融化，從而導致路基面破壞。Slowly the carcass, more than four times the weight of a bull elephant, appears onto the ice to be cut up, dragged to the village and stored in pits in the permanently frozen ground
慢慢地，這頭比四頭公象還要重的鯨魚一點點被拉到了冰面上，然後，被分割成小塊，運到村裡，儲藏在永久凍土下的洞里。分享友人