參照群體 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shēnzhàoqúntǐ]
參照群體 英文
referee group
  • 參 : 參構詞成分。
  • 照 : Ⅰ動詞1 （照射） illuminate; light up; shine 2 （反映） reflect; mirror 3 （拍攝） take a picture ...
  • 群 : Ⅰ名詞（聚在一起的人或物） crowd; group Ⅱ量詞（用於成群的人或物） group; herd; flock
  • 體 : 體構詞成分。
  • 參照 : refer to; consult
  • 群體 : 1. [生物學] population; colony2. [社會學] group
  1. T he amity home of blessings was an initiation of a group of people - - the staff of the amity foundation, social workers as well as parents of potential clients, who were endeavoring to provide humanitarian assistance to the people with special needs

    愛德慈佑院創建於2002年初，是由愛德基金會同仁、社會工作者及部分特殊群體的家長參照海內外相關組織后發起的一項人道主義的努力。
  2. The chi lin nunnery is a group of monastic architectures modeled on tang architecture. lucid arrangement is made according to the land features. the main and individual constructions are distributed orderly along the neutral axis with different parts matched symmetrically. there are the hall of the celestial kings and the main hall, and the aromatic lotus - garden

    志蓮凈苑是一座參照唐代建築藝術模式興建的寺院建築群，布局層次分明，順循地勢，將主體與單體建築沿中軸線作主次分佈，配置對稱平衡，內有天王殿、大雄寶殿等殿堂和花香撲鼻的荷花公園。
  3. The whole dissertation can be divided into 9 chapters, which are mainly engaged on the comparative theories of the common balance and the partial balance, and the methodology of the demonstration and criterion economics to do the analysis and res earch on the purpose of making relatively thorough and deep assessment on the policy - making and related improvement suggestions on such areas as the implement performance of the agriculture policies, the requirement structure of agriculture, the structure of employment, the basic elements and arrangement of agriculture production, the sustainable development of agriculture and the agriculture internationalization etc. the basic innovative points of the dissertation are as follows : ( 1 ) to establish a systematic framework for the research on the policies of agriculture industry and the structure of agriculture industry ; the framework for grand agriculture industry structure ; the framework of subject relationship in the agriculture socialized service system ; the circulation framework of sustainable development for agriculture ; the model framework for corporation development for agriculture institution ; ( 2 ) to expand the external scope of the concept of agriculture ; ( 3 ) to put forward the ideas of the corporation orientation by restructuring and innovating the present agriculture operational institution ; ( 4 ) to raise the viewpoints to set up the quality standard system for agriculture produce and to initiate the same system of the internal and external trade ; ( 5 ) to offer the suggestions on guiding the development of the township and private enterprises through the industry policies ; ( 6 ) to raise the innovative viewpoint by way of the systematic analysis on agriculture and the employment structure of the countryside, the district arrangement, technological innovation and the marketing system of agriculture produce ; ( 7 ) to put forward the comprehensive thinking way to broaden the logistics services for agriculture produce ; ( 8 ) to raise the new idea of the agriculture supporting system and the policy suggestions on expanding the areas for the government to support agriculture industry, reorganization of agriculture insurance system and aid to the weak masses of the countryside

    本課題是在國家農業產業政策不斷完善和產業經濟學科科學發展的背景下，從農業產業政策的實踐出發，從大農業產業結構、組織、技術、資金、勞動力、土地等資源配置以及區域布局、國內外關聯等角度，以農業產業政策與農業發展的互動關系為切入點，提出了農業產業政策調整取向，初步形成和發展了政策理論。全文共分9章，主要運用一般均衡和局部均衡比較等理論，實證、規范經濟學研究等方法進行探討，對農業產業政策實施績效、農村需求結構、就業結構、農業生產要素和布局、農業可持續發展、農業國際化等命題以及對策建議作了比較全面深入的評析。本課題研究主要有以下創新觀點：初步搭建了農業產業政策和結構理論框架，設計了政策和結構體系圖；延伸了「農業」概念外延，提出了「大農業」的構想；提出了農業產業經營組織再造和創新的公司化發展方向，設置了農業產業化、公司化發展模式圖和產業化公司模型圖；設計了農業可持續發展良性循環圖和農業資金投入效益模型圖；提出了建立農產品質量標準體系、推行內外貿一體制的觀點；建立了農業保障體系參照圖，建議通過產業政策引導鄉鎮、私營企業和「三資」企業發展；剖析農村勞動力就業結構、區域布局、科技創新、農產品市場體系；提出了加大農產品物流配送的整體思路；提出了農業支撐體系新觀念及擴大政府支農范圍、重構農業保險體系、扶持弱勢群體的政策建議。
  4. To provide accommodation and proper care to the needy elders ; to develop their potential and enhance their participation in the community ; to build up a harmonious relationship with others, and enjoy group living

    本舍的服務不單為使有需要的長者獲得安定居所及適當的照顧，更希望協助他們發揮潛能，參與社會，建立良好的人際關系，從群體生活中安享晚年。
  5. This thesis first compares the difference between the physical retailing and the e - retailing, and then discusses the advantages in e - retailing, which expand the content of service in e - retailing products through the innovation of product, the innovation of management technology and the innovation of contracting environments. as the procedure of e - retailing, the thesis considers the e - retailing as the life - cycle of a product. based on this, the thesis gives the basic conditions and fundamental environments supporting the e - retailing, which includes the improved infrastructure and internet network, the enough number of consumers, the upgrading of ' management technology, the convenient logistic conditions and the popularity of internet payment tools

    對網路零售的發展過程，本文理解為以社會經濟環境的變遷所決定的網路零售生命周期，依此為參照，通過與美國等發達國家網路零售環境的比較，探討網路零售進入成長期的臨界條件和環境，即社會經濟環境的發展和變遷帶來的交易成本的下降是網路零售得以實現的基礎，包括：基礎設施和通訊設施的完善、網路零售消費者群體的發展壯大、管理技術條件的進步和提升、良好的物流配送環境、網路支付手段和網路銀行的普及。
  6. In order to optimize the structure of essential factors of production, distribute resources rationally and improve the large - scale production effect of the group, basing on the common theory of organization structure designation, and considering to the special characteristics of construction industry and the present situation of the group, gdceg has been adjusting and optimizing the organization structure. redefine the function of internal classes according to effective relationship between centralization and division of authority. reconstruct the enterprise by means of combination, transference, shutting down and bankruptcyetc based on coordination among specialized divisions

    為了優化集團的生產要素組合，合理配置經濟資源，達到提高集團規模經濟效益的目的，廣東建工集團組織結構運用組織結構設計的基本理論，根據建築行業的特點，結合廣東建工集團的實際，對集團組織結構進行調整和優化，在正確處理集權和分權關系的基礎上，對集團內部各層次的功能重新進行定位，並按照專業化分工協作的要求，運用合併、轉讓、關閉、破產等手段進行企業重組，塑造一個高效精幹的企業群體，使廣東建工集團成為一個有機的整體參與市場競爭。
  7. Ethical justification for research involving this special group are as follow : specific irb should include someone who has appropriate background and experience to serve in that capacity ; the research might not equally well he carried out with subjects other than persons who are serving a sentence or receiving reeducation through labour ; definition of minimal risk shouldn ' t be compared with the risks normally encountered by this special group, but rather that of healthy persons ; free choice in informed consent should be ensured ; arrange treatment for research subjects after research terminated ; fairly distribute research burdens ; maintain confidentiality of research data and privacy ; reasonable payment need to be considered, etc

    涉及這一特殊群體臨床研究的倫理審查要求包括：倫理委員會的組成應該包括具有相應背景和經驗的服刑勞教人員代表；研究是針對服刑勞教人員所患的疾病，並且如果不選擇服刑勞教人員為受試者，研究不能同樣好地進行；最小風險應該參照「健康人群」進行判斷；知情同意應充分尊重其自主選擇權；試驗結束后治療安排；以及公平招募，保護隱私，合理補償等。
  8. The forming of self - concept, the reference group in the students " mind, the companion relationship of students, and the question of how to adapt the society are all important factors in affecting the growing of the students

    自我概念的形成、學生心目中的參照群體、中學生的同伴關系、社會化問題等都是影響中學生成長的重要內容。同時，他們也與非正式群體有著密切的關系。
  9. Provide retiree not pay is basic medical treatment insurance premium, basically have the consideration of 3 respects, be the property decision that is sure by social medical treatment, insurance of social medical treatment should be reflected help each other in all aid, healthy person helps ailing person, retired worker is average sicken is more, it is the weak force crowd that need society takes care of ; 2 it is for balanced company load, offer the opportunity of fair competition for the enterprise, participate in market competition ; 3 it is to consider retiree is during the job previously, had made contribution for the society, the income after retiring is low, the worker that has retired now especially, accumulate without what be used enoughly at medical treatment defray, medical treatment burden is heavier

    之所以規定退休人員不繳納基本醫療保險費，主要有三個方面的考慮，一是由社會醫療保險的性質決定的，社會醫療保險要體現互助共濟，健康人幫助生病的人，退休職工一般患病較多，是需要社會照顧的弱勢人群；二是為了均衡企業負擔，為企業提供公平競爭的機會，參與市場競爭；三是考慮到退休人員在以前的工作期間，已經為社會作出了貢獻，退休后收入低，非凡是現在已經退休的職工，沒有足夠的用於醫療支出的積累，醫療負擔較重。
  10. Some new conclusions have been reached through the research : as a main information channel, an important social support and social pressure source and a decision - making reference system, the rpg is an essential elementary of agricultural technology communication ; the rpg members have gradational opinion status and different communication resources and effects ; opinion leader is the core of the rpg ' s inner communication as well as the information medium and the final checkup guard man between the group and outer environment ; rural secondary group ( rsg ) ' s influences on prg are realized by opinion leader

    在此基礎上，筆者得出了以下結論：初級群體是農業科技傳播的主體和基礎，是農民獲取信息的主要渠道之一，也是社會支持、社會壓力的重要來源和決策的重要參照體系；意見領袖是初級群體內部傳播的核心，是外部信息進入群體的中介和把關人，也是其他成員決策的重要參照；次級群體對初級群體的影響主要通過意見領袖實現。
  11. The analysis on diffusion of new products and reference group based on consumer interaction

    基於消費者相互作用對新產品的擴散過程與參照群體的分析
  12. In the aspect of interaction, a reference group exists in the environment of the co - ed students whose interactive activities are not limited

    互動方面，合校生身處的環境存在參照群體，交往行動不受環境限制。
  13. Compared with common undergraduates, the paper discusses the higher vocational students ' characteristics of learning adaptability, measures being presented

    本文以高職生為對象，以普通高等學校的大學生作為參照群體，研究其學習適應性的特點，並提出教育對策。
  14. In the thesis, i choose the horizontal and symbiotic industrial cluster basing on the natural resources as the objects to study, and make full use of knowledges from many subjects, including : economy, management, complex science, math, computing simulation, etc. through the idea of " down to up ", i make every individuality ( company ) inside the industrial clusters as a cell ; and choose techological support, labor supply, natural resourses reserve, maket overlay, intermediary service, public foundation, govenment policies as the outside influencing features ; and choose total assets, total production value, output ratio of capital as the indexes of system characters. then, i establish a computing simulation model on the optimal scale of industrial clusters basing on cellular automata model by matlab software, and simulate the shifts of characters of sigle cell according to the changing environments

    本文主要以基於自然資源稟賦的水平共生型產業集群為研究對象，綜合應用現代經濟學、管理學、復雜性科學、數學和計算機模擬方法等多學科的知識，吸納「自下而上」的思想，選取技術支撐、勞動力供給、自然資源、市場輻射、中介服務、公共基礎、政府政策七個變量作為集群成長的外部影響因素以及總資產、總產值和資金產出率作為集群的系統特徵指標，以產業集群（系統）內部的個體企業為單位元胞，參照自適應、自組織的自然演化機制模擬單位元胞自身特質受到周邊環境的變化而改變，採用元胞自動機模型和matlab軟體，建立一個基於元胞自動機模型的產業集群規模演化的計算機模擬模型。
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