國債制度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [guózhàizhìdù]
國債制度
英文
system of national debts-
The system with the features of adjective law and substantive law is a new system that bank can use to safeguard debt effectively, and which bank must understand and master. therefore, it is the needs of the times that the system is established and improved in china financial law or banking law according to the successful foreign legislative experience
債權銀行應當熟悉、掌握代位權和撤銷權法律制度，有的放矢地在保障債權實現的過程中加以運用，隨著法制進程的推進和實踐經驗的積累，吸收和借鑒外國的成功立法經驗，在金融法領域確立和健全債權保全制度也是立法的時代呼喚。Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。The author suggests that our country should perfect the preemptive right of shareholders to subscribe to new share in order to protect the proportional benefits of shareholders in company ; meanwhile the rigid disinvestment system should be improved. at last the responsibilities of directors for increasing and decreasing company ' s capital illegally should be strengthened in order to make shareholders treated equitably and prevent directors from fighting for controlling power of company and other personal benefits
之後指出，我國應完善股東的新股認購權制度，以保護股東在公司的比例性利益； 7t化的減資制度應予改善，對因虧損而減資，不必設置債揪異議程序，為餓東在公司增減資本中獲得公平的橢，防止董事藉此爭奪公司控制權或謀取其他私利，應強化董事在公司違法增減資本中的責任。According to reality situation hi bank of china mudanjiang branch, the author goes step further to detail and perfect the alrm ' s index within the rule of the central bank and bank of china head office. from secondary banks point of view, the author applies system theory, cybernetics and linear programming theory to establish a set of the index system of the alrm of bank of china mudanjiang branch. the author refers to strengthen and perfect the internal control institution and preventative measure of risk and establish alrm ' s integrated evaluation model and examinatorial method
論文從二級分行的角度，應用系統理論、控制論和線性規劃理論，建立了一套適合中國銀行牡丹江市分行資產負債比例管理的指標體系，提出了加強和完善中國銀行牡丹江市分行資產負債比例管理的內部監控制度和風險防範措施，建立了該行資產負債比例管理綜合評價模型及考核辦法，並對其組織機構的設計及指標的管理提出了相應建議，初步形成了一套資產負債比例管理的組織、指標管理和評價考核體系，從而使中國銀行牡丹江市分行能夠更好的管理本行的資產和負債，創造更大的效益，增強其競爭能力。Government securities primary dealer system
國債一級自營商制度The full text is made up of four parts : part one ( first chapter, second chapter ) imprimis, analyzed the reasons about the rate of state - owned business indebtedness to increase in our country. ( a ) the reform of finance - pass - loan since the 80s interim keep the close correlation with the rate of state - owned business indebtedness to increase, that the reform of state - owned corporation finance method since the 80s interim is obviously and first in the reform of the state - owned business system, under the hypothesis that the state - owned business system and its management mechanism < wp = 10 > were without the material alterations, took the lead in facilitating the capital - management mode ' s reform, and therefore kindled a series of problems
全文共分四個部分：第一部分（第一章、第二章）首先，分析了我國國有企業負債率攀升得原因。 （一）國有企業負債率攀升與８ ０年代中期以來撥改貸改革緊密相關，國有企業資金管理方式的改革明顯先於國有企業制度的改革，在國有企業制度及其經營機制沒有實質性改變的前提下，率先推進了資金管理方式的改革，由此引發了一系列問題。這只是國有企業負債率攀升的表面原因。With regard to the lack of corresponding entity right backing for " execute the third party " according to the procedure law in current chinese creditor ' s subrogation system ; the inconsistence between the ent ity law and the procedure law for the conditions to exercise creditor ' s subrogation ; the obscure effect of the exercising of the creditor ' s subrogation ; the indefiniteness of right and status of the parties in the subrogation proceeding and so on, it is suggested that amend the civil code, confine the creditor ' s subrogation system, coordinate the rules in entity law and procedure law related to the debtees " to exercise their subrogation, define the creditor ' s subrogation, the right and obligation of related parties in the procedure, perfect the rules in procedure law in order to provide proceeding procedure security for the realization of the creditor ' s subrogation
並針對我國現行債權人代位權制度在程序法中「執行第三人」缺乏相應實體權利依據、實體法與程序法有關債權人代位權行使條件規定不一致、債權人行使代位權效力不清、當事人在代位權訴訟中的地位和權利不明確等諸多缺欠，提出了制定民法典確定債權人代位權制度、協調實體法和程序法中關于債權人行使代位權的規定、明確債權人代位權訴訟相關當事人的權利義務、完善程序法規定為債權人代位權實現提供訴訟程序保障的意見。For this reason, the research on this system has the legislative significance. this article preceded the discussion in three parts, the historical evolution of the replacement of obligation system, the institutive requirements of the system and the necessity of the existence of the system. finally, the author drew the conclusion which was not only china ’ s civil needs to succeed this system, but also it should absorb the elite of the elated institutions in systems
本文從債的更新制度的歷史變遷、債的更新制度的特徵以及債的更新制度的價值三個方面出發，對這一制度進行了較為系統的論述，闡述了筆者的粗淺觀點，希望我國即將出臺的民法典能夠吸收和借鑒大陸法系和英美法系之成果，對這一制度加以規定並完善之。In our future real right law, there should be some limitations to the open objects, hut nor the open contents in the property register of immovables ; lawsuit time limit should not he applied to return protoplast right of applicant ; we had better constitute positive prescription system ; powerless punish should not affect the force of contracts when the endorser has no right, but the transferee is well - meaning ; there should be proper toleration to the unanimous consent principle on punishing mutual thing ; we should prohibit mortgaging to some movable property which has no way to open ; there should not be the time limitation when mortgager realizes the hypothec after the fulfilling tern ; of primary creditor ' s rights is over, except that mortgager is not the debtor ; when the debtor do not refund the debt, the mortgager cannot get the guaranty directly, but he may put in for the court to auction guaranty
摘要我國未來物權法，對于不動產登記簿的開放對象應當有所限制，但對于開放內容不應有所限制；物權人的返還原物請求權不應當適用訴訟時效；應當建立取得時效制度，並應區分一般動產、準不動產、未登記不動產而規定不同的成立條件；在動產的轉讓人為無權處分而受讓人為善意的情況下，轉讓人與受讓人之間的合同是否有效不應當以「無權處分」為條件，只有在轉讓合同無效的情形下，受讓人取得標的物的所有權才是依善意取得制度的取得，此時的取得是原始取得；在共同共有的情形下，原則上處分共有物應當經共有人全體一致同意，但應容有若干例外；不應當規定居住權；動產抵押的公示方式問題無法徹底解決，如果規定動產抵押，應當實行登記要件主義，適于烙印、打刻或貼標簽的動產，應當採取烙印、打刻或貼標簽的方式，其他無法解決公示方式的動產應當禁止抵押；主債權履行期屆滿后，抵押權人行使抵押權，原則上不應當有一個時間限制，但抵押人非為債務人時可容有例外；在債務人不償債時，抵押權人不能直接讓抵押人交出抵押物，實現抵押權，但可以持抵押權登記簿副本直接申請法院拍賣抵押物。The most important is to prelect the benefits of creditors. however in practice, the phenomenon of violating creditor ' s rights is always happened. the abusing of rights of bankruptcy is a illegal act. nowadays, the bankruptcy liquidation system of our country is not so perfect, which leads to no particular law to practice. there are enterprises take advantage of it, so they can evade their debts. this phenomenon influences the rights of creditors badly. this essay firstly introduces the expression of damaging the rights of creditors in enterprise bankruptcy, and then further analyses it. this essay analyses the protection of the rights of creditors from these aspects that system of bankruptcy truslee, creditor autonomy, discontinuation of execution, legal responsibility. by seting up a perfect system of bankruptcy truslee, we can contral insolvent properties efficiently
破產是一種保護，破產法的基本原則是既保護債權人也保護債務人的利益，其中重在保護債權人的利益，而實踐中由於種種原因，債權人的利益被侵犯的不正常情形屢屢發生，其中破產權利的濫用更是一種惡意逃債的違法行為。目前我國的破產清算制度和法律體系還很不完善，尤其是非全民所有制企業法人的破產清算制度尚未完全建立，實踐中普遍缺乏可供操作的法律、法規的具體規定，從而導致了利用公司破產、被吊銷等以達到逃避債務目的的現象非常普遍，嚴重損害了債權人的利益。本文從企業破產過程中損害債權人利益的表現入手，對我國企業破產實踐中的損害債權人利益的原因進行剖析。Fourthly, new design for the controlling subject of investment and fundamental national debt law. last, as a relevant system, the thesis attempts to set up public bonds of local government and strengthen the regulation over investment projects and capital
最後，是國債投資調控的主體的新設想及基本國債法的設計，而且將建立地方政府公債制度和加強國債投資項目及資金的監管作為相關制度予以探討。Right of subrogation : breakthrough and perfection in china
我國債權人代位權制度的突破與完善Study on the creditor ' s protection system for affiliated company in china
論我國從屬公司債權人法律保護制度The institution analysis of commercial bank ' s assets - liabilities management
我國商業銀行資產付債管理的制度分析Part one : this part introduces the summarization of the abs ( asset - backed securities ), which includes the conception, the basic theory, the features, the categories, the basic running process, and the circumstance of the research and development, etc. part two : the main contents of this part are the necessity and the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities depending on the charges of expressways, including the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities on the basis of the expressways " charges, the option between the two operation models, and the analysis for the feasibility of the operation of indigenization, etc. part three : this part mainly demonstrates how to design the plan of a company for the financing of securities and indigenization, which consists of the introduction of a company ' s background and the main problems to be confronted, the features of the basic assets and the analysis of the cash currency, the selection of spy, the design of trading structure, the product design of securities, etc. part four : this part discusses the financial evaluation about a company ' s design of the financing of securities and indigenization on the basis of the expressways " charges, the analysis of the risks and the analysis in general
本文的創新之處在於: （ 1 ）通過對我國《信託法》 、 《公司法》等相關法律、法規的深入研究，提出在國內現行制度框架和市場環境下，以信託方式設立特設目的機構的基本思路，並構架了類附擔保公司債信託型和信託簽發企業銷售型兩種較為滿意的本土化交易結構方案，具有一定的理論創新性; （ 2 ）將資產證券化這一金融創新工具應用到高速公路融資領域，論證了高速公路利用收費證券化融資的必要性和可行性，並提出了一個可供借鑒的操作性方案。本文可能的不足是在證券化產品設計方面由於筆者知識水平的欠缺，深感作得不是很深入，需進一步的完善和細化;另外對各種交易結構模式的設計和分析只是一種理論上的探討，到底是否有效和可行需接受實踐的進一步檢驗。論文分為四個部份:第一部份，資產證券化概述，包括資產證券化的概念、基本理論、特點、基本形式、基本運作流程、國內外研究和發展現狀等。Based on the theories of civil law and commercial law, using the comparative methods, this thesis has systematically and comprehensively researched into the protection of the creditors of one - man company, aiming to provide legislative advice on the perfection of chinese one - man company law
本文以民商法學理論為基礎，採取比較方法對一人公司債權人公司法上的保護進行了全面系統的研究，以期對我國公司法上一人有限責任公司制度的完善有所貢獻。Now the conditions of local government bond issuance have been provided with in china. endowing with the bond issuance right to local governments will availably remedy the local public finance gap and foster local economic development. on the other hand, it is essential to promote financial market development in c hina
我國目前已經基本具備了發行地方公債的條件，結合國情、借鑒國際經驗，適時引入地方公債制度，賦予地方政府發債權，既能有效彌補地方財政缺口，又能促進地方政府的公共投資。In the third part, the necessities and the feasibilities of establishing china local bond system are discussed respectively
第三部分，我國現階段建立地方公債制度的必要性和可行性分析。In the fourth part, the advices of local government bond system design are given. it includes the general consideration, the principles of issuing, the designing of the system and the related conditions of the system
提出了我國地方公債制度設計的總體思路、發行地方公債的原則、地方公債制度的設計和配套的條件四個方面的內容。The author comes to the conclusion that policy environment in china can provide more effective protection for short - term creditors, and the mobility of debt is the key factor which influences motivation function of capital structure
中國的制度環境能夠為短期債權人提供更有效的保護機制，債務的流動性是影響資本結構激勵功能的關鍵因素。分享友人