外在作用誤差 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wàizàizuòyòngwùchā]
外在作用誤差 英文
external error
  • 外 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面） outside; external side 2 （外國） foreign country 3 （以外） besides; beyond; in ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 誤 : Ⅰ名詞（錯誤） mistake; error Ⅱ動詞1 （弄錯） mistake; misunderstand 2 （耽誤） miss 3 （使受損害...
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 外在 : external; extrinsic
  • 誤差 : error
  1. At first, this paper analyzes the factors of water - sand influencing water level of yellow river and the feasibility just using the factors of water - sand to study water level, and collects the corresponding data ; secondly, because there are strong nonlinear relation in the corresponding data, by meticulous theory analysis, this paper integrates basic nonlinear analysis method, theory of random analysis, method of least squares and so on. it puts forward a method which can get the high accuracy simulation of the data, perfects the multi - factor analysis of variable ( over three factors ) of the statistic ; thirdly, it applies the method to the approximation of corresponding water level process which belong to the capacity of sand of middle - high and middle - low, and get the high - accuracy simulation about the typical nonlinear relation ; at last, this paper definitudes the main influence mode that the capacity of sand. it mainly unite with other factors to work on the water level in the yellow river lower reaches ; mor eover, this paper analyzes the difficult point and the direction of improvement to realize the accuracy forecasting of the flood level of erodible - bed channel

    首先，系統分析了影響黃河水位的水沙因素，及僅用水沙因素有效研究水位的可行性，並按變量對應思想採集它們的相應數據；其次，由於相應水位過程數據中含極強的非線性關系，本論文經細致的理論分析，將基本的非線性分析方法、統計建模方法、隨機分析理論、最小均方誤差原則等等數學理論及方法有機揉合，提出了能有效實現這類數據高精度擬合的分層篩選法，並改進了統計學中多因子（三個以上）方差分析法；再次，將這一方法用於黃河中高及中低含沙類洪水相應水位過程的擬合，實現了這一典型非線性關系的高精度擬合，各年汛期上下游相應洪水位過程的擬合誤差都較小；最後，明確黃河下游含沙量對水位的主要影響方式，即含沙量主要是與其它因素聯合對水位作用；另外分析了要實現變動河床洪水位過程準確預報的困難所在及改進方向。
  2. The influence of the cloud droplet spectrum character and the spectrum growth and change is considered, which does not use a cut - off value for conversion from cloud water into rain water process. in the continuous coalescence equation, the particles fall velocity difference is not moved out from the integral, but is integrated in the equation as the function of diameter d to avoid the error of using particles average fall velocity. in the new scheme, generation rate of graupel due to the collection of snow by graupel and the collection of cloud ice by graupel are included

    雲中凝結核ccn的數濃度採用超幾何函數表示；雲水向雨水的自動轉換過程採用grabowski （ 1999 ）的公式，考慮了雲滴譜的特徵和發展變化對該過程的影響，而不是採用原方案給定閾值的方法描述該過程；對連續碰並方程不再將粒子落速差作為常量提出積分號外，而是直接作為粒子直徑函數在積分號內求解，這樣處理可以迴避使用粒子群的平均落速帶來的誤差；增加了霰和雪、霰和冰晶的碰並微物理過程。
  3. On the research of etf, because the development of etf in foreign country becomes mature, it is mainly about the positive analysis of etf ’ s efficiency and application, such as salomon smith barney ( 2002 ) ’ s research on etf ’ s liquidity and discount / premium price using snap method, edwin j. elton ’ s comparative analysis on etf ’ s tracking error, parkd and switzer ( 1995 ) 、 lu and marsden ( 2000 ) ’ s positive research on etf ’ s price efficiency. in our country,

    在etf的研究上，國外由於etf的發展比較成熟，相關的研究主要側重於對etf的運作效率及其應用進行實證分析，如salomonsmithbarney （ 2002 ）採用快照式研究對etf的流動性和折/溢價問題進行了研究， edwinj . elton等對etf的跟蹤誤差進行了比較分析， park和switzer （ 1995 ） 、 lu和marsden （ 2000 ）對etf的定價效率進行了實證檢驗。
  4. Therefore, a model of three sectors, respectively referring to domestic sector, manufacturing export sector and primary product export sector, has been established here to measure the technology spillover effects of export on domestic sector. finally, based on a broader framework, this dissertation went on to investigate the relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth, while the result shows that though there exists a notable dispute about how to measure the degree of china ' s openness, the index of trade dependence still maintains the better one to reflect china ' s economic openness. in the meanwhile, impulse response function ( irf ) method and forecasting errors variance decomposition ( fevd ) method, both of which are based on the vector auto - regression ( var ) system, are used here to investigate the dynamic relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth

    與傳統理論不同，新增長理論和新貿易理論都強調技術進步的作用，因此本文構建了一個三部門的技術外溢效應模型（國內部門、工業製成品出口部門以及初級產品出口部門） ，考察了工業製成品出口和初級產品出口對國內非出口部門不同的技術外溢效應；第四，從更加廣闊的視野就貿易開放度與中國經濟增長問題進行研究，有關貿易開放度如何度量一直是存在較大爭議的問題，本文首先對該類研究文獻進行了較為詳盡的述評，然後運用生產函數方法對所選取的5個貿易開放度度量指標進行了檢驗，結果發現盡管一些已有研究認為外貿依存度無法真實度量一國經濟開放水平，但是本文研究結果表明外貿依存度仍是度量我國貿易開放度的較好指標，進一步採用基於var系統的脈沖響應函數法以及預測誤差方法分解法對貿易開放促進經濟增長的作用進行了動態刻畫。
  5. In order to make the sensitivity of 2 - demension accelerometer along the two main arbors almost identical, symmetric four - beam structure that embeds a double - sides interdigitated differential capacitive with puckered beam in two directions was used as sensitive component. in addition, the differential capacitive accelerometer fabricated by bulky silicon micromechanical technique has high sensitivity, wide measurement scope, less nonlinear error, and simple converting circuit. then, the structure parameters of the sensitive component were calculated and stimulated, which results in a set of the optimized structure design parameters, main fabrication procedure and several key fabrication technology

    為使二維振動傳感器在兩主軸方向的靈敏度大致相同，敏感元件採用高度對稱的四梁結構，其中每個軸向上均採用帶折疊梁的雙側叉指電容結構，採用體硅微機械工藝製作的高深寬比叉指電容式敏感元件，具有高靈敏度、寬量程、非線性誤差小、外圍電路簡單等優點;對設計的敏感元件結構參數進行了計算，並利用有限元法進行了模擬分析，根據模擬結果得出了優化參數;在確定敏感結構的基礎上，研究了敏感元件採用體硅微機械加工工藝製作的工藝流程和關鍵工藝技術;對敏感晶元內部的c - v介面電路進行了原理設計與分析，利用差動測量技術得到由振動引起的微小電容變化量，經c - v介面電路進行相位調制處理，然後通過解調輸出與加速度成正比的電壓信號。
  6. Comparing and analyzing the synchronous control strategy, which brings up the new method to control the double un - symmetry jars proceed synchronously with the combination of proportional valve and servo valve, which forms closed loop control ; basing on the above methods, models are made to get mathematics models of position control system and to analyze system model theoretically by using pid controller, we can realize regulating parameters, minimizing synchronous errors and enhancing the dynamic performances ; the simulink tool box in matlab software is used to imitate the system according to the model, which not only makes the result visual and easy to adjust the parameters in interactive way but also lets us understand the effects of different parameters and optimizes the dynamic properties. the theory of plc control in dshp is discussed after advanced understanding of the system movements. hardware design and general regulation are given on the base of siemens company products s7 - 200 plc

    本文根據大量的國內外文獻，對研配液壓機的工作原理及設計結構進行了簡介；對位置同步的控制方法進行了比較分析，提出比例閥和伺服閥復合控制的閉環結構來對非對稱雙缸進行同步控制電液比例同步控制方案；在此基礎上著重對比例閥控非對稱缸建模，最後得到位置控制系統的總體數學模型，從理論上對同步系統動態特性進行了分析，並用pid控制器進行參數整定，減小雙缸同步誤差、提高系統的動態響應性能；其中控制性能的分析藉助于matlab軟體中的simulink工具箱，由已建立的數學模型形成模擬模型，得到可視化的模擬結果，從而利於交互方式下調整參數，了解不同的參數對系統的影響，優化同步系統的動態性能；在深入了解系統的動作特性后，對plc控制研配液壓機的原理進行了探討，針對siemens公司s7 ? 200型plc給出了硬體設計的總體規劃，編制出研配液壓機動作控製程序，在編程中著重研究位移傳感器與plc的通訊、雙缸同步運行的pid控制在plc上的實現及bcd碼撥盤輸入程序的植入問題。
  7. A general stack equation of mobile robot based on analyzing the motion of planar motion object and the mathematical models of four different kinds of common wheels is developed, accordingly, the mobility of mobile robot is addressed and the forward and inverse solutions to speed for specific configuration driven by differential speed are derived. utilizing the muir and newman convention, the description of the posture transformation matrices between different coordinate frames and the solution for the speed of point located on these frames are introduced. according to posture estimation, a more accurate method, dead reckoning algorithm, is developed for a specified configuration characterized by differential speed motorization, and simulations of this algorithm and other traditional methods are carried out using matlab while traversing a circular path

    本文對兩輪差速驅動移動機器人的運動學及其本體緩沖設計進行了探討，在對平面運動物體運動分析的基礎上結合四種常用車輪的數學模型，推導出了一個通用的移動機器人堆積方程，在此基礎上分析了移動機器人的移動能力、並針對兩輪差速構型推導了速度正解與逆解；使用muir和newman的運動學建模方法，推導了移動機器人上點及連桿坐標系位姿、速度變換關系矩陣及求解方法；在移動機器人位姿識別方法中結合差速驅動構型對航位推演算法進行了分析：推導了一種理論精度較高的航位推算演算法，並使用matlab對其與傳統的推算演算法在跟蹤圓弧軌跡情況下進行了模擬；最後針對本文所研究的機器人給出了一種比較系統、可靠的緩沖結構設計思路，較好地解決了移動機器人作業過程中外界因素及本身設計中引入的各種不確定誤差問題；本論文研究成果已在本實驗室所開發的樣機上得到實現，經過應用與考核證明其中的分析與設計是切實可行的。
  8. For missile, either strategical or tractical, the most important thing is to attack the target accurately. this depends upon the accurate location of the larget by the missile radar. for protecting radar antenna from external environment and for air - dynamical requirement, a radome is used to enclose the antenna. but the radome interferes in the orientation of the antenna, degradaties its perfor - mance, decreases the power reaching the target, and most importantly, it produces so called boresight error ( bse ) that is, makes the antenna shows a slightly different direction of the target from its true direction, the boresight error is define as the angle shifted, and the boresight error slope ( bses ) is defined as the ratio of angle shift to the tracing angle of the radar antenna. to predict the boresight error and boresight error slope is an unavoiding chief task in designing radome and in its operation

    在戰略和戰術雷達制導導彈中，一項重要的工作就是對目標的準確跟蹤，這取決于導彈雷達對目標的準確定位。為了保護雷達天線不受外界環境的影響，天線罩被應用進來，但天線罩在保護天線不受外界惡劣環境影響的同時對天線電磁輻射產生某些干擾，使天線的電氣性能降低，影響天線的功率傳輸，更重要的是產生瞄準誤差。它使目標的視在位置與真實位置有一個角度差，這個角度差就是天線罩的瞄準誤差。
  9. This model and the experiment solution can restrict the calculating error of the forming time to seconds which have important reference to externally quoting, arranging the working sequence and balancing the priority between the process efficiency and prototyping function of sls provider

    該模型和實驗方法可將sls成型時間的計算誤差控制在秒內，這對于sls服務方的對外報價、安排作業順序和權衡加工效率與成型件性能之間的優先權有十分重要的參照作用。
  10. In the base of investigating and analyzing to working theory, measure methods and relevant standard, the text processes particular analyses to the working theory of billing system and reason of making billing wrong and puts forward technology index and measure method that can externally evaluate the capability of billing system and is suit to the situation of our country. some indexes and measure way are put forward for the first time ( example error of call clock, time error and measure method to moving exchanger ' s billing system. ) through analyzing telecom charging way, charging users, charging point and charging methods of telecom basic and all kinds value - added operation and utilizing the newest measure apparatus, modern measure technology, communication technology and probable method, this text puts more scientific, efficient and easily operated measure methods and process a uncertain analysis to measure methods

    本文在調查和分析國內外局用交換機計費系統工作原理、檢測方法和相關標準的基礎上，對計費系統的工作原理和產生計費錯誤的原因進行了詳細的分析，提出了適合國情的能夠客觀評價計費系統計量性能的技術指標和檢測方法，有些指標和檢測方法在國內相關資料中屬首次提出，如通話計時誤差和時刻誤差和對移動交換機計費系統的一些檢測方法；本文通過對電信基礎業務和各類增值業務的計費方式、計費用戶、計費點和計費方法的分析，利用國內外最新檢測儀器、現代檢測技術、通信技術和概率統計方法，提出了較科學、有效和利於實施的檢測方法，並對檢測結果的測量不確定度進行了分析。
  11. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis about si has been thoroughly studied here and conclusion that ph ' s error can strongly affect si among all hydrochemical variables is gotten. on the basis of before - mentioned mathematics model and studies interrelated programs have been written by fortrain 77 language

    此外，還對飽和指數的靈敏度作了較深入的分析，應用所建的靈敏度函數對地下水質分析資料各變量作了誤差傳遞的計算，得出在所有變量中ph值的誤差對si的「反應」最為靈敏。
  12. In the software design, the method of using visa to develop driver has been studied, and the software panel that according with vpp standard is developed in the software development platform of lab windows / cvi

    此外，本文還對測量誤差進行了分析。在模塊的軟體設計中，利用labwindows / cvi作為軟體開發平臺編制了符合vpp規范的軟面板。
  13. This dissertation presented two new methods of robust adaptive track control for a class of mimo strong nonlinear system with external disturbance. one method makes use of taylor approximation principle to linearize the mimo strong nonlinear system at the ideal equilibrium point, meanwhile external disturbance is considered, and then designs two on - line neural network controller respectively, which can dynamically compensate the high order items of taylor series and the control signals at ideal equilibrium point under the drive of state error between linear and nonlinear system. a linear feedback controller obtained by pole assignment and two on - line neural network act on the practical mimo high nonlinear system together, guaranteeing the whole system robust stable and tracking the specified signal ; the other method designs three on - line neural networks for this class of system

    本文對於一類含有外部擾動的多輸入多輸出（ mimo ）強非線性系統，提出了兩種新的魯棒自適應跟蹤控制方法，第一種利用了taylor近似的原理，在考慮了外部擾動的情況下，將mimo強非線性系統在理想平衡點處線性化，分別設計了兩個在線神經網路控制器，在線性和非線性系統之間的狀態誤差驅動下動態補償系統的taylor近似高階項及理想平衡點處的控制信號，滿足極點配置方法的線性反饋控制器和兩個在線神經網路聯合作用於實際的被控mimo強非線性系統，在保證整個系統魯棒穩定性的情況下，能夠跟蹤給定的指令信號；另一種方法是針對這類系統設計了3個在線神經網路，分別實時抵消這類非線性系統中的非線性部分、與控制量耦合的非線性項以及外部擾動，使得受控系統的輸出可以完全跟蹤給定輸入參考信號。
  14. The algorithm of strapdown inertial navigation system is also discussed and then use the flight - track generator to give a simulation, since a closed loop feedback integrated navigation system is designed in this paper, and the output of the filter must feed back to the strapdown inertial navigation system, the analysis of the algorithm in strapdown inertial navigation system is important. the scheme to design the trajectory of gps and the simulation of gps constellation are then studied, the simulation of gps constellation is given from the calculation of vernal equinox base on the principle of celestial mechanics, this method of different from other methods given by other paper and is useful to the research of satellite navigation system. a new method to abstract noise modal in integrated navigation system is proved to be useful in practice, this method, which is given by use the principles of stochastic processes, statistics, time series analysis, and system identification, is suitable for the kalman filter in integrated navigation system

    如航跡產生器的設計，該航跡產生器是研究組合導航問題的前提，從國外一些研究組合導航系統的文獻中可以看出，設計這樣一個航跡產生器是非常必要的，所以本文自行設計了這樣一個系統；還討論了捷聯慣性導航系統中捷聯解算的方法，並進行了模擬研究，由於在本文設計的閉環反饋式組合導航系統中，對捷聯慣導系統的平臺誤差進行閉環控制，需要將濾波器輸出的校正量反饋到捷聯解算內部，所以必須對捷聯解算進行深入的研究和分析，更何況捷聯解算問題本身也是導航界的一個熱門研究課題；另外，本文還介紹了gps軌道及其星座模擬的設計思想和方案，與以往gps軌道和星座模擬不同的是本文從天體力學中計算春分點開始，逐步進行gps軌道及其星座模擬，這樣的設計方法對從事衛星導航的研究工作是有價值的；還對組合導航中誤差建模方法進行了研究，綜合運用隨機過程、概率統計、時序分析及系統辯識等方面的理論提出了一套適合組合導航卡爾曼濾波的誤差建模方法，並運用實際研究工作中的測量數據對該方法進行了驗證。
  15. Due to its character of microscopic scale motion, a very simple position kinematic equation is achieved. based on the equation obtained, the workspace of the serial - parallel micromanipulator is described, and the effect of different structural parameters on the workspace is also discussed. in order to evaluate the output errors caused by the structural errors and actuator errors, accuracy analysis is then conducted for this serial - parallel micromanipulator, and an approach based on software programming is presented for error compensation

    由於所研究的微操作機器人運動范圍很微小，機構結構誤差及驅動誤差都可能造成機器人的操作精度嚴重降低，為評價這些機構誤差對運動精度的影響，本論文以矢量法對該機器人機構進行了誤差分析，並討論了誤差補償的軟體法；此外，論文還進一步研究了遺傳演算法在並聯機器人機構學研究中的應用，為並聯機器人位置正解問題求解提出一種新思路。
  16. The paper introduce the usage and importance of the icmp protocol in the tcp / ip protocol stack. it is designed for meeting the needs of working well of network devices in the non - link network system, it provides the mechanism for routers ( hosts ) to send back error messages

    本論文試圖說明icmp差錯與控制報文在tcp / ip協議族中的地位和作用，它為了滿足在一個無連接系統中各網路設備協調運行的目的，提供了自治運行路由器（主機）發出錯誤報告或意外情況信息的機制。
  17. Bearing capacity and displacement are two main problems in the application of geotechnical engineering. based on a series of pull - out tests using three kinds of paper and a sort of window screening as geogrid, twenty - seven in limit and several in working - stress geogrid - reinforced slope model tests designed through orthogonal principle have been conducted to have obtained the relationship between the bearing capacity and four factors ( i. e. reinforcement, angle of reinforced slope, the designed - length of reinforcement and the distance between layers of reinforcement ). the law of slope lateral ( horizontal ) displacement versus to the height of slope vary with external - load was derived from the model test data, and the main factor affecting the lateral and vertical displacement of geogrid - reinforced slope was obtained through analysis

    承載力（強度）和變形是巖土工程應用領域的兩大主要問題，本文以紙和窗紗布模擬加筋土邊坡的土工格柵，在一系列拉拔試驗的基礎上，以正交設計理論分別安排27個極限應力狀態和若干個工作應力狀態加筋土邊坡模型試驗，並以模型試驗獲得的數據為依據，採用誤差、極差及回歸分析方法，探討了加筋土邊坡承載力與筋類、筋長、層間距、坡角4因素的相關關系，獲得了在外荷載作用下加筋土邊坡的側向位移隨坡高的變化規律（並進行了定性解釋）和坡頂的豎向位移特性，並分析其主要控制因素。
  18. Furthermore, because the three grades decelerate control method, which is used widely, in stack crane control in china has some shortcoming, two rbf neuron network applied in position error study and dot position control is put forward. because neuron network is of self - study, emendation and modification can be achieved in control and can remedy the shortcoming caused by shortage of sample

    另外，本文還針對目前國內在對堆垛機控制方面普遍採用的三段式減速控制規律的弊病，提出用兩個rbf神經網路分別作為位置誤差學習器和點位位置控制器，由於神經網路的自學習功能，可以使得在控制當中不斷校正和修改在訓練時由於樣本不足造成的缺憾。
  19. Because the models are all empirical ones established based on deficit experiment, the application of them should be limited above the low soil moisture of the water deficit experiment according to statistical theory, otherwise the prediction of crop yield by the models may produce considerable error

    作物水分響應模型均為按非充分灌溉試驗得到的經驗模型，按數理統計和應用要求使用時應限制在非充分灌溉試驗處理的水分下限值以內，不宜隨意外推，否則預測或模擬的作物產量可能會有較大誤差。
  20. On the basis of previous work, we developed a new data processing system by use of dsp & oop. the new system overcame the problems existed in the old data processing system successfully, such as the bug which cause program dead loop when the data is too long, and the frequency leak due to principle limit of fft filter. in addition, we eliminated the measurement error brought on by phase warp

    我們在前人的工作基礎上，利用現代數字信號處理技術和面向對象的軟體開發技術，統一了彈上黑匣子數據處理系統的操作平臺，完善了轉速、掃描角測試數據處理系統，修正了原有處理程序中的因數據長度過長而導致程序死鎖的bug ；利用有限沖擊響應（ fir ）濾波器，在濾去噪聲的同時，有效地解決了矩形窗fft濾波的頻譜泄漏問題；另外還解決了因相位偏差而導致的測試誤差。
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