尤用於財政 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yóuyòngyúcáizhèng]
尤用於財政 英文
es finance
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 於 : 於名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 財 : 名詞（金錢和物資的總稱） wealth; property; valuables
  • 政 : 名詞1 （政治） politics; political affairs 2 （國家某一部門主管的業務） certain administrative as...
  • 用於 : be applied to
  • 財政 : （國家對資財的收入與支出的管理活動） （public） finance; government finance; public economy
  1. These associations ought to be entirely transparent : first of all in their independence, and then, which is extremely essential, in their financial independence because if they are funded from sources close to suspect sources of finances, they can have no credibility in their work

    因此，公民團體必須真正獨立自主，獨立於任何政治聯系或影響力，亦不受任何可能別有用心的投資者所左右。它們必須具備高透明度，其獨立性必須是顯而易見，尤其是財政獨立；若資金來源成疑，公眾也會對它們的工作產生懷疑。
  2. The discuss starts from the " positive externalities " of tech - research and development, pointing out that the products of tech - research and development somewhat has the property of " public good ". without < wp = 8 > government ' s interfere, the intensity of tech - research and development by private section ca n ' t meet the need of " pareto optism " because of the " positive externalities ", as a result, the items of venture capital are insufficient and the development of venture captal will be pull back. rational policies of government expediture can internalize the " positive externalities " - transforming them to more revenue or less cost of the tech - research and development private suppliers. be feared of the high risk at the beginning of venture capital, the private section ca n ' t provide enough capital, the " capital gap " should be fetched up by government with equity capital, creditor ' s right capital, subcidy, at the same time, some other means, such as government purchase, credit guarantee, capital insurance, tax expenditure can promte private capital, is also important. in this part, the function of the above means, the establishment and enforcment of them are breafly discussed. because tax policies play a critical role in fiscal policy, r - y chart is used to analyse the relation between tax and venture capital, at last, a conclution is drawn : tax expenditure can promote venture capital

    這部分論述從科技研發成果的「外溢性」入手，指出科技研發成果在不同程度上具有「公共品」性質，這種外溢性使得在純市場條件下，私人部門研發活動強度達不到社會資源配置最優的要求，也使風險投資項目來源不足， < wp = 6 >阻礙風險投資的發展。合理的政府財政支出政策可以使「外溢性」內部化。之後，論述了風險投資資本來源與政府財政支出政策的關系，由於風險投資尤其是其初期的高風險性，民間風險資本不足，應由政府以股權及債權投資、補助等財政直接支出方式彌補資本缺口，運用政府采購、財政擔保、保險、貼息、稅收優惠等間接支出方式，鼓勵民間資本進入風險投資領域也同樣重要。
  3. The experts who agree with tax incentive to reorganizations believe, asset reorganizations are beneficial in their role as restructures of the industry, a tax subsidy to reorganizations may be socially optimal. implicit in this reasoning would then be that the private market system fails to produce the optimal amount of reorganizations, especially in the country which has a lot of small and middle - sized enterprises. as auerbach and reishus said that asset reorganizations could improve the efficiency by eliminating tax loss

    贊同給予稅收激勵政策的學者認為，資產重組在產業結構中發揮著有益作用，對資產重組行為的稅收補貼是社會性優化，私人市場體制無法產生最優的資產重組數量，尤其是在中小型企業比例重的國家，中小企業在生產、銷售、人力資源、財務及研製開發上往往無法發揮規模經濟的效益，公司籍由資產重組擴大規模經營與提高競爭能力，則是企業立足於國際經濟舞臺的重要經營策略之一，也是政府提供稅收激勵措施所欲達成的政策目標。
  4. After january, 2003, “ the law of government procurement ” came into force, both concentrative purchase and dispersive purchase are use by government, which starts an new trend of government purchase progress, using concentrative purchase to do more large quantity purchase, dispersive purchase is used less and less, it only used to do little quantity purchase. the list of government purchase has become longer and longer, the variety of materials and the quantity of materials has increased so sharply. our country ’ s government purchase has made a great progress, but but we still need to take notice of the other side of the fact, there are two important issues, the first is the obstacle of the reforming process in the field of public finance system ; and the second is the kinds of problems occurred in the process of government procurement

    政府采購制度改革是我國公共財政改革的重要組成部分，引入我國從試點到推廣實施僅有十年的時間，卻取得了巨大的進展， 《政府采購法》在2003年1月開始實施后，我國採用集中采購與分散采購相結合的政府采購方式，開始了我國政府采購的集中化趨勢進程，從早期分散采購演變為大批量的集中的采購方式，當然，小批量分散采購也結合其中，列入政府集中采購目錄的物資種類與采購數量大大增加，取得了巨大的進展，卻也存在著不少的問題，具體表現為政府采購過程中出現的各種操作性問題和政府采購制度推進的障礙，以及政府采購的環境效益問題，操作性問題和政府采購制度推進的障礙問題本質上可歸納為兩方面，即內在因素，這是事前性的，偏重於制度性、體制性等根本問題;外在因素，這是管理操作層面的因素，政府采購的環境效益問題是由政府是否采購綠色產品，推動綠色產品在社會的使用而引出的，於是，對政府采購集中化趨勢中所暴露出的問題進行分析，找出問題的根源以探尋解決的思路及對策就顯得尤為急迫。
  5. According to it, the following facts, which are difficult to explain in line with what is in the economics textbook, are consistently analyzed and interpreted continual falling of the consumption propensity of residents in china since 1990s ; the reason the value of m2 / gdp is much higher in china than other countries in the world at the corresponding period ; the causes of deflation in china ; the reason the macroeconomic policies, especially monetary policy, fail to work ; the reason the growth both output and price level comes into being instead of stagnation when the price of oil rises ; the reason the two objectives of monetary policy failed to accomplish simultaneously ; the stability of macro - economy in the case of controlled interest rate and exchange rate at the end of this thesis, some suggestions are put forward to accomplish the continually rapid growth for chinese economy, starting the rising of consumption with fiscal policy, ensuring the stable operation of macro - economy with monetary policy, and facilitating the adjustment of economic structure with industrial policy

    本文從轉型期中國經濟的具體實踐出發，在對微觀經濟主體居民和企業的行為特徵和經濟運行的宏觀背景進行歸納和抽象的基礎上，結合宏觀經濟理論的最新發展，建立了一個轉型期中國宏觀經濟分析的理論框架，先後分析和解釋了? 20世紀90年代以來我國居民消費傾向的持續下降； ? 20世紀90年代以來中國的m _ 2 / gdp為何遠遠高於同期世界其它國家； ?通貨緊縮的成因； ?宏觀調控政策尤其是貨幣政策效用受阻的原因； ?為何在石油價格上漲的情況下，我國沒有出現「滯脹」 ，而是出現了物價水平和增長率的「雙增長」 ； ?貨幣政策的兩個目標無法同時實現的原因，以及?利率管制下經濟運行的穩定性等這些按照經濟學教科書難以解釋的現象。論文最後建議，以財政政策啟動消費、以貨幣政策保障宏觀經濟的平穩運行、以產業政策促進經濟結構的調整，實現我國經濟的持續快速發展。
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