They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem
本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆
蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型
巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外
巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式
巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出
巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型
巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為
巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。
Sedimentary control of coalbed methane in this region were expounded according to the control and influence of sedimentation on coal gathering action ( thickness of coal reservoirs, distributing and coal - bearing characteristics ), on forming and distributing, maceral, organic facies and coalfacies, cap formation types and their sealing capability of adjoining rock
根據沉積作用對聚煤作用（煤儲層的厚度、分佈及含煤性特徵） ，對煤儲層的形成與展布、煤
巖組成、有機相和煤相、頂底板
蓋層類型與封
蓋性能的控制和影響，討論了沉積作用的控氣特徵。
Based on the actual situation in the upper reaches of minjiang river, the main assessment factors such as strata structure, landform, vegetation covering eco - environment, surface water, ground water, agrotype and geological hazard are selected in this paper
本文根據岷江上游的實際情況選取
巖性構造、地形地貌、植被覆
蓋生態區、地表水、地下水、土壤類型及地質災害等因素作為評價因子。
In places, hill - slope debris forms a mantle over the bedrock and alluvium fills some of the valleys
在部分地方，基
巖表面由
巖石碎屑堆積形成覆
蓋層，而部分河谷則有沖積層。
Based on available data, the study on regional structure, sedimentary reservoir and source rock characteristics shows that the basins in south china sea had experienced sedimentary evolution in faulting period and depression period, deposited thick cenozoic formation, upwardly developed alluvial fan facies, river - lake facies coastal swamp facies coastal facies, neritic facies and bathyal deposit system, regionally had 3 source rocks of eocene, oligocene and miocene, 3 reservoirs of pre - cenozoic basement buried bill, oligocene sandstone and miocene reef, with pliocene and pleistocene neritic facies and bathyal shale as regional caprock
摘要以現有資料為基礎，通過對區域構造、沉積儲層、烴源
巖特徵等基礎石油地質條件研究，認為南海海域各盆地經歷了斷陷期和坳陷期沉積演化，沉積了巨厚的新生代地層，自下而上發育了沖積扇相、河湖相、濱岸沼澤相、濱海相、淺海相、半深海相沉積體系，區域上存在始新統、漸新統和中新統3套烴源
巖，前新生代基
巖潛山、漸新統砂
巖、中新統生物礁3套儲層，區域
蓋層為上新統和更新統淺海半深海相泥
巖。
It includes sites on every continent, among them sir ernest shackleton ' s 1908 expedition hut in antarctica and australia ' s dampier rock art complex, which dates from 8000bc
名單涵
蓋了各大洲的古跡，包括歐內斯特.沙爾克頓爵士1908年遠征南極時居住的小屋、始於公元前8000年前的澳大利亞丹皮爾地區的
巖畫群。
The answer is the same if the limestone overlays the sandstone.
當灰
巖蓋在砂
巖上時，系數是相同的。
Divided simple laccolith
分枝
巖蓋
Thus, accumulation of oil in the reservoirs occurred after the domes had been sealed by the salt cover.
所以，儲集層中的石油聚集作用是發生在穹窿被鹽
巖蓋層封閉之後。
And the author analyses and evaluates hydrocarbon source rock, caprock and trap reserving condition of work area on the base of drilling achievements of 7 emphases structure hi work area. therefore the author draws two conclusion as follow : ( 1 ) the most favorable reservoir of the work area is the spreading region of dolomite rock of carboniferous whose remaining thickness is greater than 20m with the region from jiao 1 well - cizhu 1 well - maan 1 well to west of shizhu county seat. the secondary favorable reservoir of it is the spreading region of dolomite rock with the remaining thickness greater than 10m but less than 20m which is eastern and western region of the most favorable region and the off - lying of yangdu 1 well and yangdu 2 well
本文研究主要通過地層層序、沉積相、成
巖作用和儲集條件等方面對該區石炭系黃龍組碳酸鹽
巖儲層進行評價和預測，並且從該區7個重點構造的鉆探成果出發進行烴源
巖、
蓋層和圈閉保存條件等成藏條件的分析與評價，分別得出以下結論：工區最有利的儲層是石炭系白雲
巖殘厚20m的分佈區，位於轎1井?茨竹1井?馬鞍1井?石柱縣城以西地區；較有利的儲層是石炭系白雲
巖殘厚10 20m的分佈區，位於級區以東及以西的洋渡1 、 2井外圍；不利的儲層是白雲
巖10m及石炭系黃龍組灰
巖的分佈區，位於工區西南部和東部地區。
Comprehensive evaluation of gas sealing ability of the lower denglouku formation mudstone cap - rock in the east of the daqing placanticline
大慶長垣以東地區登二段泥質
巖蓋層封氣能力綜合評價
The result indicates that from the north to the south, from the east to the west, the seal ability of four caprocks is better and better, the good seal areas of caprock distributes in heiyupao sag and its south. based on the research of the seal mechanism of the faults, this paper researched the vertical seal of t1 and t2 fautlts in binbei region by means of the mudstone content in fault zone and the pressure of fault plane. the result indicates the good seal areas of t2 fault for gas and oil distribute in daqing - anda and their north of binbei region, the good seal areas of t | fault for gas and oil distribute in wuyuer and heiyupao sags of binbei region
本文通過濱北地區青山口組和嫩一、二段
蓋層宏觀發育和微觀封閉能力分析，利用模糊數學綜合評價方法對濱北地區青山口組和嫩一、二段泥
巖蓋層的封
蓋能力進行了評價，結果表明這四套
蓋層封
蓋能力從北向南，從東向西逐漸變好。好
蓋層封
蓋能力區主要分佈於黑魚泡凹陷及其以南地區。在斷層封閉機理研究的基礎上，利用斷層面壓力和斷面填充泥質含量研究了濱北地區t _ 2層和t _ 1層斷層封閉性，結果表明濱北地區t _ 2斷層好的封油氣區位於大慶?安達以北局部地區， t _ 1層斷層好的封油氣區位於烏裕爾、黑魚泡凹陷處。
Based on the study on ree distribution characteristics of sinian low grade metamorphic rocks of the basement and cover volcanics, the author makes a discussion on the material source and the genesis of xiangshan volcanics, and suggests that xiangshan volcanics came mostly from the remelting of the upper crust, and the genesis should be attributed to the category of remelted granites
摘要本文通過對相山火山盆地基底震旦系淺變質
巖、
蓋層火山
巖稀土元素分佈特徵的研究，探討相山火山
巖的物質來源及
巖石成因，認為相山火山
巖主要是上部地殼重熔的產物，其
巖石成因應屬于重熔型花崗
巖的?疇。
On the basis of brilliant exposition of macroscupic and microscupic features of cap rocks of deep - formation natural gas in songliao basin, the sealing capacity of cap rocks of natural gas in studied area is comprehensively evaluated, and creatively put forward a comprehensive cap rock - evaluating method using percolating velocity which natural gas pass though mudstone cap rocks
登二段氣源
巖的擴散量為55 . 55 10 ~ （ 12 ） m ~ 3 ，占該段生氣量的81 . 6 。在以上工作基礎上，對深層天然氣源
巖-
蓋層系統的時空配置進行了深入探討。
The high pressure and high temperature experimental tests have been done to measure the breakthrough pressure of the cap rock. according to the special and routine results, the sealing capacity of the mudstone at reservoir conditions and the affecting factors were analyzed
利用高溫、高壓模擬條件下突破壓力測定技術與方法，並結合常規及其它模擬技術對樣品進行了封
蓋能力模擬，系統分析了泥質
巖蓋層封
蓋能力及其影響因素。
In the evaluation of mud cap layers, cross - plot and nuclear magnetic resonance log porosity curve overlap method was adopted to the comprehensive analysis of yn2 well tight sand reservoir and 3 sets of reservoir - seal combinations are found accurately
筆者在重點對泥質
蓋層進行研究評價的同時，採用交會圖法和核磁共振測井孔隙度曲線重疊法對具有緻密砂
巖蓋層的yn2井進行了全面地儲
蓋組合評價分析，準確地找到了三套儲
蓋組合。
Evaluation of cap rock sealing capability of mudstone in dongpu depression by using compaction curve
應用壓實曲線法評價東濮凹陷泥
巖蓋層封閉能力
Mahai - nanbaxian, eboliang - hulushan, yahu - yikeyawuru and beilingqiu - wudong. the main seal mechanism of tertiary claystone formation is property mechanism and the next is excess pressure mechanism
分析成果，第三系泥
巖蓋層主要封閉機理是物性封閉，其次是超壓封閉。
The claystone seal formation of lower ganchaigou formation ( ? ) and upper ganchaigou formation ( nj ) has the character of large thickness and distributional stability, which is the regional cap formation in north rim of chaidamu basin
下乾柴溝組（ e _ 3 ）與上乾柴溝組（ n _ 1 ）泥
巖蓋層具有厚度大、分佈相對穩定的特點，是整個北緣地區的區域性
蓋層。
Based on these, this paper studied deeply the main factors controlling accumulation and distribution of oil or gas and accumution models through studying types of oil or gas reservoirs and oil or gas distribution laws of f, y oil layers in the north of songliao basin. this paper pointed out sourcerocks, caprocks, faults and hydrodynamics power to be the main factors controlling oil or gas accumulation and distribution. there are - two models of oil or gas accumulating in fault - lithology or fault block traps through migrating downward under the regional caprock and oil or gas from sourcerock downward accumulating in fault - lithology or fault block traps in reservoirs upward by migrating through fau lts
在此基礎上，通過對松遼盆地北部扶、楊油層油氣藏類型及分佈規律分析，深入研究了扶、楊油層油氣成藏與分佈的主控因素和成藏模式，指出源巖、蓋層、斷裂和水動力是松遼盆地北部扶、楊油層油氣成藏與分佈的主控因素，具有被下油氣倒灌運移于斷層?巖性或斷塊圈閉成藏和下生上儲天然氣沿斷裂運移斷層?巖性或斷塊圈閉成藏二種模式。
