拱底面 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gǒngdemiàn]
拱底面
英文
barrel-
The palace was a little less than it sounded, a narrow palladian facade, mossy steps, a dark archway of rusticated stone.
那些大廈比傳聞的小些，帕拉底奧式的門面很狹窄，石階上長滿苔蘚，陰暗的拱廓用粗琢的石頭建成。On this foundation the article inducts in detail the method which is based on the relative settlement of calculating unit area end support ( qb ) force at the same time considering the feature of pedestal pile ' s " arch effect " the article introduces conception of pile effective length and finally obtain t he formula of calculating man - made pipe with bulb - shaped axial carrying capacity. the article uses marc program to calculate and analyze foundation soil ' s stress and displacement and gets the change curve chart and the proportion that is shared by king - pipe side soil friction resistance and pipe end counterforce respectively. the article inducts the structure of pedestal in detail on the basis of generalizing pedestal application cases of many countries
在此基礎上論文詳細歸納了以相對沉降為依據確定單位面積端承力q _ b的計算方法，並考慮擴底樁的「拱效應」特點引入了有效樁長的概念，最後結合公路規范推出了比較實用的人工挖孔擴底樁軸向承載力計算公式。論文運用了marc程序對地基土的應力和位移進行了有限元數值計算分析，得到了地基土的應力和位移場的變化曲線和在加載過程中樁側土摩阻力和樁端反力各自所承擔的比例；本文還在總結各國挖孔擴底樁應用情況的基礎上就擴底樁的構造進行了詳細的歸納。( 2 ) according to the forming model of the deep pull cracks, they can be divided into three classes pulled cracks -, pressed cracks and sheared cracks. ( 3 ) based on the two - dimensional and three - dimensional finite element methods. the following results can be affirmed : in the slope excavating process, the base surface will rebound in the direction of the excavating surface ' s excerior normal. the maximal displacements of the left and right bank are + 3. 6cm and + 2. 4cm ; the arch abutment will rebound in the direction of the river valley, the maximal displacements of the two bank are + 3. 5cm and + 2. 2cm ; the upstream and downstream surface will rebound in the direction of the normal direction. the maximal displacements are + 2. 1cm and + 1. 7cm. ( 4 ) the natural slope is stable
（ 3 ）通過二維及三維有限元分析得知，左右岸拱肩槽邊坡在開挖過程中，開挖底面主要表現為朝開挖面外法線方向發生回彈，左右岸最大位移量分別為+ 3 . 6cm 、 + 2 . 4cm ；拱端面主要表現為向河谷方向發生側向回彈，左右岸最大位移量分別為+ 3 . 5cm 、 + 2 . 2cm ；上下游坡面主要表現為向臨空方向的回彈，左右岸最大位移量分別為+ 2 . 1cm 、 + 1 . 7cm ；開挖使巖體產生由卸荷回彈導致的傾倒拉裂現象。The paper mentions the design of three - dimensional graphics modeling in the mine such as shaft, laneway, and equipment of transport and mining. human - computer interaction and viewpoint rambling in the demo system are realized so that the simulating staff may look at circumstances from different viewpoint and positions. under the precondition of limited resources holding, the contradiction between the fidelity of image display and real - time feature of system interaction process is better resolved with using of display list and model culling technology
論文中採用了opengl圖形庫的基本繪圖函數進行三維圖形的模型設計，並詳細給出了立井、拱形巷道、梯形巷道以及工作面支架和井底運輸巷道設備的三維圖形設計方法；並著重分析人機交互與視點漫遊功能的技術在系統中的實現；在佔用有限資源的前提下，為了提高場景實時顯示速度，論文中採用顯示列表和模型淘汰等技術，並編制出了一個虛擬礦井實例。The contents include : based on the previous research and the data of experimentations, the author researches and develops a kind of satisfactory semi - empirical formula of nonlinear temperature distribution, and calculates the temperature stress of rigid - framed arch bridge by the fem. the temperature effects of bridge structure by annual and sunlight temperature difference are discussed, it indicates that the temperature effect of annual temperature difference is small but the temperature effect of sunlight temperature difference is great and the temperature stress along beam depth resulted from sunlight temperature difference is nonlinear. with the comparison between the temperature effects of different position of bridge, the results show that where the section of bridge is small, the temperature stress of it is large
本文主要包括以下內容：從理論上研究並結合實測資料發展了一種比較理想的半經驗溫度場非線性分佈公式，並將有限元方法應用於剛架拱橋結構溫度應力的計算中，對橋梁結構進行整體溫度應力分析；討論了年溫差和日照溫差引起的橋梁結構的溫度效應，表明年溫差引起的溫度效應較小，而日照溫差引起的溫度應力較大且沿梁高呈非線性分佈；分析比較了橋梁結構各個部位的溫度效應的大小，可知截面越小溫度拉應力越大，受力越不利；並對箱梁結構由於構造不同引起的縱向與橫向的溫度效應大小進行了探討，發現在頂板下緣也會出現相當大的溫度拉應力，並且梗腋的存在反而增加了頂板底部的溫度拉應力；還對幾種相近的剛構式橋型的溫度效應進行了分析對比，總結了這些橋型針對溫度效應的優劣，並提出相應的針對性措施。Roofing and wall cladding. fasteners. determination of the characteristic resitance of the assembly. test method to determine pull - out load of fasteners in crow or valley fixing out of their subconstruction
屋面和墻壁覆面.緊固件.組件抗性測定.拱頂和屋面排水溝安裝的緊固件從基底拉出的拉拔負荷的測定試驗方法A bearing surface transmits the interaction between an arch dam and its foundation, the strength of which directly affects the constraint of the bedrock to the dam, and thus affects the stress and deformation of the dam. the influence is studied in this paper with nonlinear finite element method, as an example, for a high arch dam in design. the results show that the influence on stress is only limited within the local area near the bearing surface, larger on the maximum principal tensile stress than on the principal compression stress, and the decrease of the strength does not cause unlimited increase of the maximum stress. the influence on the displacement of the top of the dam is smaller than that of the bottom of the dam, especially the relative downstream displacement. at the lower strength of the bearing surface, the relative downstream displacement at the bottom of the dam increases with the decrease of the strength
建基面是傳遞拱壩和基巖相互作用的紐帶，它的強度直接影響基巖對壩體的約束，從而影響壩體的應力和變形.採用非線性有限單元法，以設計中的某高拱壩為例，分析建基面強度對壩體應力和變形的影響.結果表明建基面強度對壩體應力的影響僅限於建基面附近的局部范圍，對最大主拉應力的影響要大於對最大主壓應力的影響，建基面強度的降低不會無限地增大壩體的應力數值；建基面強度對壩頂位移的影響較小，但對壩底位移（尤其是順河向相對位移）的影響較大，當建基面強度較低時，壩底順河向相對位移隨建基面強度的降低而增大This thesis used along caldwell ' s direct calculation method of the ultimate strength of ship hull girders, considered the double bottom and upperwing tank to ship ultimate strength contribution, first defined the stress distribution of the whole section of the ship girders. that is : in the sagging condition, deck and side shell of nearby deck remain the ultimate bucking strength, double bottom remain the yield stress. and the other parts keep elasticity
本文沿用caldwell等人直接計算船體極限強度的思想，考慮雙層底和頂邊水艙對船體極限強度的貢獻，首先將船體梁整體破壞時剖面應力分佈確定為：在中垂狀態下，甲板及甲板附近的舷側均屈曲，雙層底區域則均屈服，其他部分保持彈性狀態；在中拱狀態下，雙層底及之間的底舷側均屈曲，甲板及頂邊水艙區域均屈服，其他部分則保持彈性狀態。The proposed formula is in accordance with the old one, and the affect of nonlinear material properties of concrete and steel bars is considered by an adjusting coefficient. 6 ) based on theoretical and experimental research on material characters of steel fibered reinforced concrete, a finite element model for nonlinear analysis of steel fiber reinforced ( sfrc ) structures is presented. two - dimensional analysis on various sections of the orifice in the xiao wan arch dam is carried out
6 ）根據已有的鋼纖維混凝土基本理論和試驗研究成果，建立了鋼纖維混凝土（ sfrc ）的有限元模型，對小灣拱壩的1 ~ #底孔斷面進行了非線性分析，研究了大連理工大學博士學位論文採用不同厚度的鋼纖維混凝上增強層和不同摻量的鋼纖維對孔口抗裂、限裂性能的影響。分享友人