換表層土 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [huànbiǎocéngtǔ]
換表層土 英文
top-soil replacement
  • 換 : 動詞1. （給人東西同時從他那裡取得別的東西） exchange; barter; trade 2. （變換; 更換） change 3. （兌換） exchange; cash
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 層 : i 量詞1 （用於重疊、積累的東西 如樓層、階層、地層） storey; tier; stratum 2 （用於可以分項分步的...
  • 表層 : skin layer; superficial coat; veneer; surface; sexine; bloom; supercrust; surface layer表層沉積 [...
  1. For a soil or rock of water - lacked, a heat transfer theoretical model is developed, which is a steady or unsteady, the results show that reservoir temperature, thermal diffusion coefficient, inlet temperature, flow rate of and run time of ground source heat pumps have an effect directly on heat transfer process of dhe. it can deduce that intermit running is favorable for this type of soils and rocks

    對于貧含水地下巖土層建立了穩態與非穩態傳熱的理論模型，分析結果表明，巖土層的熱儲溫度、導溫系數、埋地換熱器進水溫度、流量以及地源熱泵系統的運行時間或開停機比，都對埋地換熱器的傳熱過程產生直接影響，可以推斷，對于該類型巖土層的地源熱泵系統，採用間歇運行將是有利的。
  2. A transfer model is established, which can be used to study the interaction between the land surface physical processes of inhomogeneous region and the structure of atmosphere boundary - layer over urban and rural terrains. the model has simulated surface heat flux, surface temperature, temperature profiles, height of mixture layer and so on. and the differences between urban area, suburban area and rural area have been compared. this model mainly depends on the parameters below : surface albedo, surface roughness coefficient, moisture available coefficient of soil, thermal capacity and thermal diffusion coefficient of errain, cloudage. the result shows that this model can simulate the structure and eigenvalues of atmosphere boundary layer and their changes in a day. parameters used in this model aim at beijing city, and the time is at the beginning of september. to other cities, or other time, the parameters should be adjusted accordingly. in addition, being adjusted, the model can also be used for other homogeneous and inhomogeneous terrains

    模式主要依賴于以下參數和物理量：地面反照率下墊面粗糙度土壤的可含水量下墊面的熱容量和熱擴散系數雲量等參數。結果表明，本模式能合理地模擬不同地表熱量平衡地表氣溫混合層高度湍流交換系數湍流動能位溫廓線等，以及它們的日變化。該模式所取參數主要針對北京市，時間為九月初，對于其他城市，參數應作相應的調整。
  3. To meet the demands for large space and flexible compartmentation of buildings, laminated vierendeel trusses are adopted in high - position transfer story structures. first the bearing characteristics are analyzed, in which reasonable stiffness ratio of the upper chord, middle chord, and lower chord is derived. then combined with an actual engineering model ( 1 8 similar ratio ), the static loading and pseudo - dynamic tests of two models for laminated vierendeel truss used in transfer story structures are conducted, in which one model adopts reinforced concrete, and the other adopts prestressed concrete and shape steel concrete. seismic behaviors are analyzed, including inter - story displacement, base shear - displacement skeleton curves, and equivalent viscosity - damping curves. a program is programmed to carry out the elasto - plastic dynamic analysis, and displacement time - history curves of the two models are derived. the test and analysis results show that the laminated vierendeel truss with prestressed concrete and shape steel concrete has excellent seismic behaviors. it can solve the disadvantages of laminated vierendeel trusses used in transfer story structures. finally, some design suggestions are put forward, which can be referenced by similar engineering

    為滿足建築物大空間和靈活隔斷要求，在高位轉換層結構中採用迭層空腹桁架結構.首先分析了其受力性能，得出了空腹桁架各構件合理的截面剛度以及布局形式.然後結合一實際工程，進行了兩榀迭層空腹桁架轉換結構模型（ 1 : 8相似比）的豎向荷載下靜力試驗以及擬動力試驗.其中一榀為普通混凝土迭層空腹桁架，另一榀配置了預應力和鋼骨混凝土，對比分析了兩模型的層間位移比、骨架曲線以及等效粘質阻力系數等抗震性能的比較，並進行了彈塑性動力分析.試驗和分析結果表明，配置預應力和型鋼混凝土的迭層空腹桁架轉換結構具有良好的抗震性能，可以成功地解決迭層空腹桁架作為轉換層結構所產生的弊端問題，最後對這類轉換層結構提出了相應的設計建議
  4. Organobentonite is a kind of hydrophobic bentonite which prepared by exchanging inorganic cations in the layer of bentonite with organic cations or compounds. it combines inorganic bentonite ' s excellent dilatability, adsorption and dispersion with huge hydrophobic area, so it has very good affinity for organic substance, has been widely used in all kinds of organic system

    有機膨潤土是用有機陽離子或有機化合物與膨潤土層間的無機陽離子發生交換而生成的一種疏水親油的膨潤土。由於其既具有無機膨潤土優良的膨脹性、吸附性和分散性，又具有疏水親油性的巨大比表面，與有機物具有很好的親和性和相容性，己被廣泛應用於各種有機體系。
  5. Thaw settlement cause negative friction. this paper base on the thought of " initiative cooling ", aim at three problems existing in common concrete pile used in frozen soil, a new type of pile is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of the classical pile used in frozen soil. pile body within active layer is fluted and refilled with porous materials such as gravels and ballasts, convection will be occur and then thermal exchange inside porous material in winter while only heat conduction exists in summer, as a result the soil around flutings will be cooled, so the top line of permafrost will be drive up

    本文基於「主動冷卻」地基的思想，以及針對凍土地區普通混凝土樁存在的三大問題，提出了一種新型樁的設計思路，運用數值模擬試驗手段對其冷卻機理與加固機理進行了系統研究，即在凍融活動層的深度范圍內，在混凝土樁身的表面刻槽，修築完時槽內填充碎石、塊石等多孔介質，通過外界大氣溫度的自然波動下多孔介質在冬季時存在的對流換熱機制，而在夏季只存在熱傳導，來達到主動冷卻樁周凍土和抬升凍土上限的目的。
  6. In this thesis, organic - montmorillorite ( org - mmt ) was obtained - by an ion - exchange reaction between na + - montmorillorite ( na + - mmt ) and alkyl ammonium bromide, leading to increase the basal spacing of montmorillonite. xrd analysis indicated that alkylammonium ions had already exchanged with na + ions in na - montmorillonite and long alkyl - chains had entered into the gallery of montmorillorite

    X -射線衍射（ xrd ）分析結果表明有機胺陽離子已同蒙脫土中的鈉陽離子發生離子交換作用，烷基長鏈進入蒙脫土層間，導致層間距擴大，並使蒙脫土層間親水性轉變成親油性。
  7. Trough the analysis of stabilization safety on tengzigou arch dam, some conclusions are obtained in the following : ( 1 ) tengzigou arch dam is safe under normal poll level ; ( 2 ) stabilization safety factor of tengzigou arch dam is about 4 - 5 ; ( 3 ) it is proved that combinatorial reinforcement measures are effective and feasible

    對藤子溝拱壩的數值計算和模型試驗分析表明： （ 1 ）藤子溝水電站在正常蓄水位作用下，壩體和兩岸壩肩是穩定的； （ 2 ）藤子溝拱壩的整體安全度大概為4 5左右； （ 3 ）東北院提出的對左岸泥巖層挖除處理並用混凝土置換的加固除險措施經研究表明該加固措施是有效、可行的。
  8. Some stiffness matrices of special elements such as rubber bearings and components with field are derived from primary - secondary and inverse transform in structural matrix analysis. then, seismic response analytical models and non - isolated continuous rigid frame bridges are set up, while considering the interaction of soil - pile - structure and traveling wave effect simultaneously. finally, the seismic time history response of the two models is calculated by means of the finite element method, and the results show that the isolated bridge posses powerful earthquake resistance

    首先論述了公路大跨徑橋梁的地震反應分析方法，其中包括樁-土-結構相互作用、行波效應等因素對結構物的影響；其次，利用結構矩陣分析中的主從變換和逆步變換，推演了幾個特殊單元的剛度矩陣，包括橡膠隔震層單元和帶剛域構件單元；最後，考慮樁-土-結構相互作用和行波效應的結合，分別建立隔震與非隔震連續剛構橋地震反應分析模型，通過有限元法對兩種結構進行時程分析，結果表明：隔震層上部結構的地震加速度反應、位移反應均明顯減小，這說明隔震的連續剛構橋具有很好的抗震能力。
  9. He explains why microwaves cook fish well and meat poorly ( they heat only water molecules, and those to just below boiling : in other words, they poach, producing succulent fish but bland meat ) ; why one should dress a salad just before serving ( oil penetrates the thin waxy cuticle that coats vegetables, driving out the air that refracts light and gives vegetables their colour ) ; why potatoes are the perfect food to deep - fry ( a wealth of starch and sugar on the surface ) ; and why the easiest way to salvage curdled mayonnaise is to wait until the oil separates completely, then just pour it back in, whisking constantly

    他解釋了很多廚房內的問題，為什麼用微波爐烹飪出的魚味鮮色美，而做出的肉卻難以下咽（微波爐只對水分子有加熱的作用，而加熱的程度僅低於沸點：換言之，這是一種用熱水煮的過程，所以烹飪出的魚會多汁，而肉卻味道一般） ；為什麼僅在上菜之前的那一刻才給沙拉添加拌料（因為油會浸入保護蔬菜的薄弱表層，並迫使蔬菜內含有的對光線有折射作用的空氣，這樣蔬菜就具有了最本質的顏色） ；土豆為什麼通過油炸才味道最佳（因為油炸過程中，大量的澱粉與糖份會浮出到土豆的表面） ；以及為什麼給蛋黃醬解凍的最簡便的方法是先把醬倒出來，等內含的油完全分離之後，然後把醬倒回瓶子里，再不停地攪拌。
  10. With the consideration of the vertical wave effect of soil and soil - pile interaction, an approximate analytical solution to vertical vibration of pile system with variable impedance in visco - elastic layered soil is developed. a simplified and practical mathematical model for interaction between soil layers is proposed, and its applicability is theoretically investigated. based on this model and by using laplace transforms and the transmit property of impedance function, the analytical expression of the impedance function and solutions of the displacement and velocity response function in frequency domain and in time domain at the pile head are derived

    4 、從三維軸對稱土模型出發，對考慮樁土耦合作用、土層層間聯系以及樁周土豎向應力梯度變化條件下的成層粘彈性土中完整樁及變阻抗樁系統縱向振動問題進行了研究，提出了成層土中變阻抗樁系統縱向振動問題的近似解析解法和樁周土層層間相互作用的簡化而實用的數學模型，並利用拉氏變換和阻抗函數的傳遞性，獲得了成層土中任意段變阻抗樁樁頂阻抗函數的解析表達式，以及樁頂速度導納和時域速度響應解析解和半解析解。
  11. Ft - ir spectrum show that water insert between the inner layer of kaolinite with potassium acetate, which form hydrogen bond with the inner surface hydroxyl of kaolinite

    傅立葉變換紅外光譜顯示，水和乙酸鉀一同插入到高嶺土的層間，並與高嶺土的內表面羥基形成了氫鍵。
  12. Roadbed construction on permafrost will give substantial disturb for the heat and mass transfer balance between the ground surface and atmosphere, usually, roadbed construction increases the amount of absorbed heat via vegetation removal, solar radiation and increased role of water activities in the adjoining area, then cause the local degradation of the permafrost underneath, as a result may lead to damage of the roadbed

    多年凍土區道路的修築，改變了原來天然地表與外界的熱交換關系，通常由於地面植被的破壞、太陽輻射和水的影響，導致進入地層中的熱量增加，引起多年凍土區凍土的融化，從而導致路基面破壞。
  13. Single - layer model is convenient to apply but the unclear relationship between radiative and aerodynamic temperatures is still a bottleneck in this field. a new method was developed to derive reliable surface heat fluxes from radiative temperature viewed from arbitrary zenith angle. aerodynamic and radiative temperatures are connected through a so - called optimum component fraction ( ocf ) parameter - the fraction of vegetation in the field of view when the two temperatures are equivalent in oblique viewing

    該方法利用表面熱輻射方向性和顯熱通量都是源於土壤和植被溫度的貢獻這一共同點，發現在一定傾斜角度的觀測下，視場中植被與土壤的比例可以較好地反映植被和土壤與大氣進行湍流熱交換的貢獻率，所以稱該方法為最佳組分面積比法，用最佳組分面積比可以將任意角度下觀測到的輻射溫度訂正為空氣動力學溫度，經過地面和遙感數據驗證表明，用該方法計算的通量精度高於普通的單層模型。
  14. Three experimental schemes were taken, including the draining plastic board and pre - compression with stacking load, the draining plastic board and punning, the replacement treat after punning. the deep horizontal movement of soil body, hyperstatic pore water pressure, the ground surface settlements and horizontal movements, dynamic detection and static load experiment were carried out in site

    此次方案研究採用塑料排水板+堆載預壓、塑料排水板+強夯、強夯置換等三種試驗方案，對土體深層水平位移、超靜孔隙水壓力、地表沉降及地表水平位移、動力檢測和靜力荷載試驗等進行了現場測試。
  15. Because of their excellent characteristics, superabsorbents are widely used in health, agriculture and horticulture applications. based on the influencing factors, such as type of structural layer, interlayer charge, interlayer distance, cation exchange capability, surface area and ratio of swelling, kaolinite, sercite and bentonite are choosed as the mineral fillers to synthesize the superabsorbent composite

    本文從粘土的結構層型、層電荷、層間距、陽離子交換容量、比表面積和膨脹率等各方面綜合比較研究粘土礦物的性質，選擇了高嶺土、膨潤土和絹雲母這三種粘土礦物作為無機填料，制備粘土?有機聚合物超吸水性復合材料。
  16. After the replacement measure of the canal surface, the loss of stability of the shallow surface of soil body is mainly subject to the strength of the expansion and reduction zone of slope plane

    在進行渠坡表面置換措施后，土體淺層失穩主要受控于開挖過程中坡面脹縮影響帶的強度。
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