方針性成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fāngzhēnxìngchéngběn]
方針性成本 英文
policy cost
  • 方 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方形; 方體） square 2 [數學] （乘方） involution; power 3 （方向） direction 4 （方面） ...
  • 針 : Ⅰ名詞1 （縫衣物用的工具） needle 2 （細長像針的東西） needle like things 3 （針劑） injection; sh...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 方針 : policy; guiding principle; orientation
  1. First this paper describes the composing and technics of drillers ; then the composing of control system based on s7 - 300plc is described ; then thinking of such characteristics of oil driller as complexity and long delay, this paper brings forward the control strategy of combining the fuzzy control with smith estimate control algorithm, and sets down the way of auto - driller based on discal hydraulic pressure brake. at last the experiment based on matlab by computer shows that the effect of this control mode is very good and all performance are famous

    首先本文闡述了鉆機的組成與工藝特點，然後描述了基於西門子s7 - 300plc的控制系統組成，然後針對傳統鉆機自動送鉆控制策略落後的缺陷，同時考慮到鉆機的復雜性、大滯后等特點，提出了模糊控制演算法與施密斯（ smith ）預估控制演算法相結合的控制策略，給出了基於液壓盤式剎車的自動送鉆智能控制策略， matlab的模擬實驗證明該控制方式控制效果良好，各方面性能指標都達到理想要求。
  2. Secondly, the paper brings out problems which are need to be solved as emphases by analyzing objectively the plant ' s cost control actuality, the existing problems and its reasons. the analysis indicates that because of high dependence on planned economy, exterior factors seriously restricting the reasonable price of fuel, the electrovalence being made by exterior, the deficiency of its interior mechanism and the big random of cost control, the enthusiasm that the plant manages and controls cost independently is badly hurt. thirdly, aiming at these leading problems, applying the present cost control theory and the main cost control methods of electricity enterprises both home and abroad, the paper designs and evaluates its cost control project at these aspects of productive technology, management, logistic control, financial management and the manpower cost, and lodges corresponding cost control project of every tache

    論文首先對當今國內外成本控制理論研究現狀和應用現狀進行了分析，包括成本性態分析、成本控制內容分析及成本控製程序與方法的分析，為論文研究打好了理論基礎；其次客觀全面地分析了永昌電廠成本控制的現狀和存在問題及其產生原因，其中包括計劃經濟色彩濃厚、外部因素嚴重製約燃料成本的合理配比、電價確定權在外，它嚴重挫傷企業成本管理與控制的自主積極性，也包括企業內部機制不全、成本控制的隨意性大等問題，這為本論文提出了需要重點解決的問題；然後針對永昌電廠在成本控制方面存在的主要問題，應用當今國內外成本控制的主要理論和發電企業成本控制主要方法，從生產技術、生產管理、物流控制、資金管理及人工成本等方面對永昌電廠成本控制方案進行了相對全面的設計和評價，提出相關環節的成本控制方案。
  3. Later, as for the fund deficiency matter, which puzzles almost all the foundations and is in close relation with project operation, the thesis puts forward solution proposals like boosting fund - raising capacity and efficiency, rationalizing the proportion of the cost and raised funds, ensuring endowment value and gainings, seeking fund aid from government

    其次，針對當前困擾基金會與其他非營利組織的與公益項目運作緊密相關的資金缺乏問題，從提高基金會的籌資能力、項目運作中的成本與籌資金額之間的合理性和效率、基金的保值增值、尋求政府的資金支持等角度提出相應的解決方案。
  4. Next analyzed were the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission ; cost, ratemaking principle, method of acquiring the pipeline transmission fee, constitution, calculate, management and control after that, wt ; compared service cost methods with economic evaluation methods and the one - part pricing method with the two - part pricing method. later on was introduced the regulate coefficient of pipeline transmission fee structure, established the modificatory two - part pricing method, and found out a natural gas pipeline transmission pricing method that is fit for china ' s current situation. finally, we validated the rationality and applicability of this metho j by the demonstrational analysis on the natural gas pipeline transmission price of " the gas transmission from west to east " pipeline this paper ' s research fundamental is : the fundamental of natural gas pipeline transmission pricing should reflect the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission

    本文首先論述了自然壟斷行業的價格理論，然後分析了天然氣管輸的特點、定價原則及管輸費的收取方式、成本、構成、計算及其管理與調控；在此基礎上比較了中外天然氣管輸定價的服務成本法與經濟評價法，一部制定價法與兩部制定價法等；針對目前我國天然氣管道運價的制定現狀，本文深入研究了國際通用的天然氣管輸定價方法，引入「管輸費結構調整系數」的指標，建立修正的兩部制定價方法，找出了一套適合於我國當前國情的恰當的天然氣管輸定價方法，並通過「西氣東輸」管線加以實證分析，驗證了方法的合理性和適用性。
  5. The present dissertation mainly deals with morphology, phytogeny, geographic distribution, and taxonomy of the tribe of typhlocybini from china morphological terminology was adopted principally from zhang ( 1990 ) and dworakowska ( 1993 ). the preparation and dissection of male genitalia was made according to the traditional methods and the characters were illustrated under the olympus pm - ioad microscope with a leize drawing tube. the external characters of adults were illustrated under nikon afx - ii steromicroscope with a leize drawing tube

    形態學術語基本遵從張雅林（ 1990 ）和dworakowska （ 1993 ）的有關定義；鑒定標本均為成蟲針插標本，雄性標本的外生殖器均採用常規方法完成解剖，在olympustx820604體視顯微鏡下觀察鑒定，在olympuspm - 10ad顯微鏡下繪圖，外部形態特徵圖在nikonafx -體視顯微鏡下繪制。
  6. And this article uses the convenience and the rapidity of network to collect information and utilize data and combins with the prevenient research work, the study and discussion in this paper are in the aspects as follows : ( 1 ) agricultural data system is built in which the planting and the stockbreeding in the region agriculture are the representation

    本文主要針對目前農業結構調整中存在的問題，結合以前的一定的研究成果，利用網路的收集信息、使用數據的方便性和快捷性，提出並設計了農業結構優化決策支持系統。本文在以下幾個方面進行了研究和探討： （ 1 ）以區域農業中的種植業和畜牧業為代表，建立農業結構優化決策支持系統中的數據指標體系。
  7. However, the waterproof function and anti - fungus capability of ccf is relatively so poor that the quantity of first - grade and excellent - quality products is very few. in addition, the external antifriction layer of ccf is expensive and faulty, and 80 % of manufactories in china depend on the import antifriction paper. aimed at the situation, this paper put forward a simple and effective way - rabbet surface sealing technique ( rsst ) to improve the waterproof function and anti - fungus capability of ccf

    本文針對其防水抗霉性能較差、一等品及優等品極少；以及其表層耐磨紙價格昂貴、缺陷較多，尤其我國生產廠家80依賴進口耐磨紙的現狀，提出一種簡便而行之有效的方法? ?企口表面全封閉法來改善復合強化地板的防水抗霉性能，並採用國產材料研製出一種集裝飾功能與高耐磨性能於一體、生產成本很低的新型高耐磨層，以替代進口耐磨紙。
  8. Dissections and identifications were performed with a leica zoom2000 stereomicroscope, hand - drawing of male genitalia was carried out with olympus pm - 10ad microscope with drawing tube, and external morphological characters figured out under nikon afx - ii stereomicroscope fitted with drawing tube too

    所有研究標本均為成蟲針插標本，雄性外生殖器解剖採用常規方法，在leicazoom2000體視顯微鏡下觀察鑒定， olympuspm - 10ad顯微鏡下繪圖，外部形態特徵圖在nikonafx -體視顯微鏡下完成。
  9. Meanwhile, based on the magnetic material theory, a complete analysis and summary are carried out on the three crystal structure and technology theory ; especially the ingredient analysis is made on the microscopical morphology and x - ray diffraction and its mixtures existence and relevant metallurgy about the typical second resource such as coldrolling iron and oxide red, steelmaking sludge and feso4 based on the practeal investigation of the pre - burning materials in domestic products plant, especially the analysis on the domestic markets and components, and connecting with reality and material characters in panzhihua iron and steel ( group ) cmpany, we established the product orientation and developing direction in panzhihua iron and steel ( group ) company ; after carrying out the technology reform on the old no. 1 magnetic product plant of enterprise company, making a detailed study on the various conditions for establishing a plant, the feasible research report is formed of 1400 tons ( per year ) feo preburning material and 3000 tons ( per year ) middle and high quality magnetic products ; so a necessary and reliable supports are provided both theoretically and practically for the development of the magnetic industry in panzhihua iron and s teel ( group ) cmpany

    同時，對磁性材料的理論基礎，尖晶石、磁鉛石、石榴石三大晶系結構以及其工工藝理論進行了較為全面的歸納、分析和總結；尤其針對攀鋼產生的二次資源如冷軋鐵紅、煉鋼污泥、硫酸亞鐵等三種典型原料分別作了成分分析、微觀物理形態以及x光衍射分析、其夾雜物的存在形式及相應的金相分析。對國內鐵氧體磁性材料的預燒料及磁件生產廠家的工藝、設備、技術、成本、質量狀況進行了實地的調研，特別是對國內磁性材料的市場及競爭對手進行了詳盡的分析，在此基礎上，結合攀鋼實際及原料特點確立了攀鋼發展磁材產業的產品定位及發展方向；對企業公司原有磁件一廠進行了技術工藝改造，對建廠各項條件進行了詳細的分析，形成了了年產14000噸年鐵氧體預燒料以及3000噸年中高檔磁件產品的可行性研究報告，從理論上和實踐上為攀鋼磁性產業的發展提供了必要的可靠的依據。
  10. In the light of the problems of the air balance system of model lcj1250 chain drive pumping unit, it is proposed to change the air balance with counterweight balance, and three criteria for the modification is put forward : ( 1 ) ensuring the reliability of the unit with smooth operation, low noise and long life ; ( 2 ) cutting down the production cost and using less component parts as possible ; ( 3 ) carrying out modification without such main technical parameters as stroke, pumping speed and maximum polished rod load

    針對lcj1250氣平衡式鏈條抽油機存在氣平衡故障率高和現場維修困難等問題，提出將氣平衡改造成工作可靠的重力平衡的方案，並確定了改造的三個原則：一是保證整機的可靠性，使抽油機運轉平穩，振動噪音小，壽命長；二是力求降低生產成本，減少零部件製造，盡可能選用原來的通用件，捨去平衡缸和空氣包等氣平衡附件，在原往返架主體上懸掛一個配重箱；三是力求不改變沖程、沖次及最大懸點載荷等主要技術參數。
  11. Abstract : in the light of the problems of the air balance system of model lcj1250 chain drive pumping unit, it is proposed to change the air balance with counterweight balance, and three criteria for the modification is put forward : ( 1 ) ensuring the reliability of the unit with smooth operation, low noise and long life ; ( 2 ) cutting down the production cost and using less component parts as possible ; ( 3 ) carrying out modification without such main technical parameters as stroke, pumping speed and maximum polished rod load

    文摘:針對lcj1250氣平衡式鏈條抽油機存在氣平衡故障率高和現場維修困難等問題，提出將氣平衡改造成工作可靠的重力平衡的方案，並確定了改造的三個原則：一是保證整機的可靠性，使抽油機運轉平穩，振動噪音小，壽命長；二是力求降低生產成本，減少零部件製造，盡可能選用原來的通用件，捨去平衡缸和空氣包等氣平衡附件，在原往返架主體上懸掛一個配重箱；三是力求不改變沖程、沖次及最大懸點載荷等主要技術參數。
  12. Because of the unique issues in the networks, including mobility - induced disconnection, network partition, high out - of - order delivery ratios and channel errors, the congestion control and the error recovery in the network is challenging. in this environment, the interaction between tcp and mac layer protocols, the affection of route protocols on the performance of tcp and the particular congestion control and error recovery mechanism are first discussed. then a particular transport layer protocol scheme based on the non - feedback mechanism is presented, with emphasis on the analysis and simulation of the key parameter

    文中主要討論了兩種不同網路結構中的無線tcp協議改進方案，其一在最後一跳為無線鏈路的網路環境中，針對基本tcp擁塞控制機制存在的缺陷，文中在現有解決方案的基礎上提出一綜合性的方案，其中包括無線鏈路的高誤碼率和連接斷開問題的解決，並重點對方案中出現的交叉層問題進行分析和模擬；其二，考慮的是分散式網路（ adhoc ） ，在文中較為詳細的分析了tcp和mac層機制間的相互作用、路由協議中造成tcp性能降低的因素、 adhoc網路中應採取的特殊擁塞控制和差錯恢復機制，在此基礎上提出了一種採用非反饋機制的解決方案，重點對方案中的關鍵參數進行分析和模擬，分析和模擬結果表明此機制可在很大程度上提高adhoc網路中tcp的性能。
  13. Through the analysis of inherent characteristics of information technology, the function of it integration with course teaching, as well as the orientation of balanced educative reforms, this research delivered a potential tool to further promote the effective allocation of remote teaching resources. this paper also elaborates how to apply it functions in actual teaching practices, so as to improve students ’ enthusiasm, creativeness, independence thinking, and their general competitiveness. the implementation of information technology and courses integration will undoubtedly induce the evolutions in areas of resources allocation, course implementation, teaching evaluation and learning method transformation, and accelerate the reform and development of the whole education industry

    針對這些問題，本文以信息時代特徵為背景環境，以信息技術與課程教學整合現狀為鋪墊，在闡述相關概念和理論依據的基礎上，結合信息技術的教學功能特點及教學案例，研究信息技術與課程教學整合的基本指導思想、方法和途徑，旨在探索、總結信息技術與學科教學有效整合的模式、支撐教學資源及軟體的體系架構及建設方法，形成可借鑒、可操作的有效整合程序體系，為中小學教師開展有效整合提供具有引領性的、容易接受的操作規程，尤其是為農村中小學校有效利用遠程教育資源推進新課改，實現教育均衡發展提供有效的方法。
  14. The research object in this text is a project of the real estate in the chengdu city from the new vision. the project of the real estate is divided into four stages : concept stage, developing stage, performing stage and last stage. the main content of the project management in the concept stage is how to organize the feasibility test well. the main of the project management in the developing stage is how to organize man, material, finance and how to be ready for all the soft and hardware. the main content of the project management in the performing stage is how to guanatee quality, cost and time planning. the main content of the project management in the last stage is how to evaluate, check and accept, deliver the project and organize the last work well. confronting the present situation in all the stages, i work out some good measures. it is about to think the real estate project management farther in the last chapr. er. i bring out xhe important principle about the project management of the real estate and several question which must be delt with. comprehensively evaluating and perfecting the project management in the whole stages is all contents that the project management has the whole efficacy

    本文以全新的視角，以成都市一個房地產開發項目為研究對象，創新性地把房地產開發項目劃分為四個階段：概念階段；開發階段；實施階段；收尾階段。概念階段項目管理的主要內容是組織好可行性論證；開發階段項目管理的主要內容是組織好人、財、物及一切軟硬體準備；實施階段項目管理的主要內容是保證質量、進度、成本；收尾階段項目管理的主要內容是評審、驗收及項目交付和組織結束工作。針對不同階段的項目管理的現狀分析，提出完善的對策方案，最後是對房地產開發項目管理的進一步思考，提出房地產開發項目管理的關鍵性原則及應處理好的幾個問題。
  15. At the same time, because general hierarchical is not good on question classification, this paper proposes a new method for chinese question hierarchical classification. this method combines the key class features with the question syntactic features to classify questions. since this method extracts the syntax features and adds syntax information into question classification, at last, the precision of the coarse classes reaches 88. 25 % and fine classes reaches 73. 15 %, respectively improves nearly ten percent than the traditional hierarchy classification, proving this method is effective

    本文針對文本分類和問題分類的差別，利用依存分析提取主幹和疑問詞及其附屬成分，並結合主幹關聯詞對，採用支持向量機分類器，此方法大大減少了問題分類的噪音，突出了問題分類的主要特徵，並考慮了詞與詞之間的句法關系，取得了良好效果;同時，針對普通層次分類在問題分類上效果不理想的情況，本文提出了類別主特徵結合句法特徵的中文問題層次分類新思想，利用句法分析提取分類特徵，在問題分類中融入了句法信息，總的準確率達到大類88 . 25 %和小類73 . 15 % ，比傳統的層次分類分別提高了10個百分點，證明了此方法的有效性。
  16. Under the background of the global economy homologization, it has strong meaning to guide us to use the foreign experience for reference in the product management through reseaching the law of the development of the advanced enterprise on the world. this is our paper top point. the paper has explained the technical development of toyota hiace series van vehicles and summarized the basic factors of toyota company in prolonging the product life period through analyzing the evolution of outside appearance and technical performance of toyota hiace series van vehicles

    因此，在全球經濟一體化的大背景下，通過對世界先進企業成熟產品技術發展規律的研究，為我們更具針對性地借鑒國外汽車生產企業在產品經營管理方面的技術優勢與管理經驗，探尋出一新的途徑，以有效地提高我公司新產品開發研製的速度並減少費用支出，降低研發成本而言，具有較強的實際意義。
  17. The directive thinking is : basis of resources breeding and management and development and utilization ; leading by feature industry such as forest industry and forest tourism ; aiming at meeting the need of market and public environment construction ; guiding at systemic, synthetically and stereoscopic development ; building up region industry group and industry train. on the basis of analysis industry position, it studied the relation between industry system and industry group and the relation between industry group and industry train. using theorical pattern, it described the relation and degree of coordination in industry trains and suggested the policy of adjustment of industry structure and advancement for state - owned forest region

    本文界定了林業的產業性質，在三次產業分類法的基礎上提出四次產業分類法，提出了「零級產業（環境產業） 」概念，辨析了環境產業與林業產業的相關關系；分析了森林三大效益?成本關系；分析國有林區產業單一狀況的弊端；從經濟、社會和生態三方面分析了產業協同發展的價值；提出國有林區產業體系建立的指導思想：以資源培育與開發利用產業為基礎和龍頭，以特色產業? ?如林產工業、森林旅遊等為主導，以滿足市場需求和公益環境建設需求相兼顧為目標，以系統、綜合、立體開發為指針，建立具有區域特點的、協調的產業群和產業鏈；在產業位勢分析的基礎上，勾畫了產業體系與產業群、產業群與產業鏈之間的相關關系：運用理論模型描述產業鏈之間的相關關系及協同度。
  18. Lastly, by philosophical analyzing the article draws conclusion : going on with efficient institutional change asks for dynamical grasping of path characteristic. so at present in order to advance the change the cumulative cost of institutional gradual change must be apportioned reasonably ; adjusting the change strategy wholly makes unitary institutional innovation accompanying configurable innovation ; switching institutional change mode neatly makes sure that the following change is efficient ; government ' s playing the leader role of institutional change makes adverse path dependency be got over and thoroughly resolves the shortage problem of effective institution

    最後，運用通觀全局、抓主要矛盾與矛盾的主要方面的哲學方法進行總結性分析，得出「繼續實現富有成效的制度變遷需動態把握路徑特徵」的結論，那麼，現階段應該對漸進式制度變遷的累積成本進行合理分攤，確保進一步變遷順利推進；從總體上調整制度變遷策略，形成由單項制度創新所引領的制度結構創新安排；針對變遷過程適時靈活轉換變遷方式，使變遷方式交叉復合、優勢互補，確保進一步制度變遷的效率；強化政府的變遷主體地位，以克服不利的路徑依賴，從根本上解決阻礙進一步變遷的有效制度缺失問題。
  19. On the base of choosing proper model and designing route, it uses cad and probes into an efficient and easy design way to enhance design efficiency and shorten design periods. it brings in the way of multiple - objective optimization and gives proper optimization model and algorithm to get a comparative satisfying result. and it applies system simulation to cable crane design and gives the simulation model and arithmetic of the freight track

    本文針對此問題，引入現代的設計方法：在選取合適的模型和設計路線的前提下，運用計算機輔助設計，研究探討高效便捷的設計方法，大大的提高設計效率，縮短設計周期，節約成本；引入多目標優化的思想，提出合理的優化模型，給出了實現演算法，得到了比較滿意的結果；引入系統模擬的設計理念，給出了荷重軌跡的模擬模型實現演算法和程序，對荷重軌跡進行了計算機模擬，提高了纜索起重機布置的效率和質量，提高了生產的安全性。
  20. The model incorporates newly developed optimization functions and metrics that enable : ( 1 ) maximizing the control of hazardous construction debris near airport traffic areas ; ( 2 ) minimizing site layout costs including the travel cost of construction resources and the cost of debris control measures on airport sites ; and ( 3 ) satisfying all operational safety constraints required by the federal aviation administration as well as other practical site layout constraints

    該模式結合了最新發展出來的最佳化功能，具備有以下之能力： （ 1 ）針對靠近機場交通區域的危險性營建廢棄物給予最大的控管； （ 2 ）讓工地配置之成本減到最少，包括機場工地內營建資源的移動成本及廢棄物管控方法的成本； （ 3 ）符合聯邦飛安委員會規定的所有運轉安全限制及其他工地配置實務之限制。
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