方針與指引 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fāngzhēnyǔzhǐyǐn]
方針與指引 英文
policies and guidelines
  • 方 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方形; 方體） square 2 [數學] （乘方） involution; power 3 （方向） direction 4 （方面） ...
  • 針 : Ⅰ名詞1 （縫衣物用的工具） needle 2 （細長像針的東西） needle like things 3 （針劑） injection; sh...
  • 指 : 指構詞成分。
  • 引 : Ⅰ動詞1 （牽引; 拉） draw; stretch 2 （引導） lead; guide 3 （離開） leave 4 （伸著） stretch 5 （...
  • 方針 : policy; guiding principle; orientation
  • 指引 : point （the way）; guide; show
  1. The second section described the accounting issues brought by cyber economy environment including the impact to the accounting suppose, accounting target, the content, the means, the process of accounting checking and the impact to the accounting information system. the third section described the ideas of the innovation of cyber economy environment emphases on the accounting business process reengineering, accounting information system innovation, assets affirmance, accounting settlement under the cyber economy environment. on basis of the third section, the fourth section analyzed the cyber accounting ' s origins, developme nt, characteristic and problems occurred in the development of the cyber accounting

    本文共分四章，第一章論述了網路經濟環境下會計環境的變遷，分析了網路經濟的產生與特點，概述了電子商務及虛擬企業的特徵，並指出對企業的組織、生產、管理環境帶來的巨大變化；第二章闡述了網路經濟環境引發的會計問題，包括對會計假設、會計目標、會計核算內容、方法、流程及會計信息系統的影響；第三章提出了對網路經濟環境下的會計創新的設想，重點論述了網路經濟環境下的會計業務流程重組與會計信息系統的變革，網路經濟環境下的資產與會計確認，以及會計結算等方面的創新設想；在第三章討論內容的基礎上，第四章具體分析了網路會計的產生、發展及特點，並分析了網路會計發展過程中存在的主要問題，針對這些問題，提出了相應的對策。
  2. The dissertatio n constructs the index system, introduces the coefficients of development, coordination, fairness, and the coefficient of sd, which is composed by the former three and can reflects the sd overall strength of watershed, brings forward the quantative criteria of in order that the research of wrcc is based on the good watershed ecology and environment, the dissertation, according to the ecological appropriate theory, builds the logarithm normal distribution model about the relation between the growth of natural vegetation and the depth of groundwater ; based on this relation model, proposes a quantitative method of ecological water requirement ( ewr ) of natural vegetation in arid area, which utilizes the results of rs technique and the spot testing data of vegetative physiology demand

    針對流域特點建立了基於水資源的流域可持續發展評價指標體系，引入發展系數、協調系數、公平系數，以及由其構成的衡量水資源支撐社會可持續發展綜合水平與能力的可持續發展系數，提出了可持續發展的定量判別方法。為保證在良好生態的前提下進行水資源承載能力研究，論文根據生態適宜性理論，建立了乾旱區典型天然植物生長與主要環境因子的偏態單峰對數正態分佈模型。基於此關系模型，利用遙感技術成果以及植物生理需水的現場實驗數據，提出了乾旱區天然植被生態需水量計算方法。
  3. Next analyzed were the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission ; cost, ratemaking principle, method of acquiring the pipeline transmission fee, constitution, calculate, management and control after that, wt ; compared service cost methods with economic evaluation methods and the one - part pricing method with the two - part pricing method. later on was introduced the regulate coefficient of pipeline transmission fee structure, established the modificatory two - part pricing method, and found out a natural gas pipeline transmission pricing method that is fit for china ' s current situation. finally, we validated the rationality and applicability of this metho j by the demonstrational analysis on the natural gas pipeline transmission price of " the gas transmission from west to east " pipeline this paper ' s research fundamental is : the fundamental of natural gas pipeline transmission pricing should reflect the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission

    本文首先論述了自然壟斷行業的價格理論，然後分析了天然氣管輸的特點、定價原則及管輸費的收取方式、成本、構成、計算及其管理與調控；在此基礎上比較了中外天然氣管輸定價的服務成本法與經濟評價法，一部制定價法與兩部制定價法等；針對目前我國天然氣管道運價的制定現狀，本文深入研究了國際通用的天然氣管輸定價方法，引入「管輸費結構調整系數」的指標，建立修正的兩部制定價方法，找出了一套適合於我國當前國情的恰當的天然氣管輸定價方法，並通過「西氣東輸」管線加以實證分析，驗證了方法的合理性和適用性。
  4. 2 ) based on the study and analysis of many security architecture standards, the security region and the defense layer are introduced, the information category, the threatening level and the security protection level ( spl ) are put forward, the methods and requires of the security analysis are discussed in this paper. 3 ) based on the security architecture model and the security analysis, the graded requires of the security management and the security technology is presented, so the security design of the cissa and the choice of security produces can be done conveniently. 4 ) a cooperative communication platform is designed and implemented to ensure the dynamic and cooperative ability of above cissa model

    針對計算機信息系統安全體系模型和實施標準的不足，本文緊密圍繞分層、分級、動態防禦以及協同通信平臺等關鍵技術開展研究工作，所做的工作主要集中在： 1 ）在深入研究了當前各種流行的安全體系模型基礎上，提出了用於指導計算機信息系統安全體系建設的動態縱深防禦安全體系模型； 2 ）在對各種安全體系標準進行研究與分析的基礎上，引入了安全域和安全防護層次的概念，提出了信息類別、威脅級別和安全保障級別的定義，闡述了進行計算機信息系統安全分析的方法和要求； 3 ）在安全體系模型和安全分析的基礎上，提出了安全管理及安全技術的分級要求，從而便於進行計算機信息系統的安全設計以及產品的選型； 4 ）設計並基本實現了用於保障上述安全體系動態協同能力的協同通信平臺。
  5. Through the analysis of inherent characteristics of information technology, the function of it integration with course teaching, as well as the orientation of balanced educative reforms, this research delivered a potential tool to further promote the effective allocation of remote teaching resources. this paper also elaborates how to apply it functions in actual teaching practices, so as to improve students ’ enthusiasm, creativeness, independence thinking, and their general competitiveness. the implementation of information technology and courses integration will undoubtedly induce the evolutions in areas of resources allocation, course implementation, teaching evaluation and learning method transformation, and accelerate the reform and development of the whole education industry

    針對這些問題，本文以信息時代特徵為背景環境，以信息技術與課程教學整合現狀為鋪墊，在闡述相關概念和理論依據的基礎上，結合信息技術的教學功能特點及教學案例，研究信息技術與課程教學整合的基本指導思想、方法和途徑，旨在探索、總結信息技術與學科教學有效整合的模式、支撐教學資源及軟體的體系架構及建設方法，形成可借鑒、可操作的有效整合程序體系，為中小學教師開展有效整合提供具有引領性的、容易接受的操作規程，尤其是為農村中小學校有效利用遠程教育資源推進新課改，實現教育均衡發展提供有效的方法。
  6. This is done through polite discussion and negotiation, in an attempt to develop a consensus regarding proper application of policies and guidelines such as neutral point of view

    這個過程通過有禮貌地討論和談判來完成，人們根據諸如中性的觀點這樣的方針與指引來嘗試達成共識。
  7. Simultatly, based on the vaviaction of seismic signal - noise ratio, the anthor use the funtion singular method in the seismic data procesy and put forward the wavelet amplitude singular exponentid method and the wavelet power spectrum singular exponential for the fractued density detection

    與此同時，將函數奇異性分析的思想引到地震信號處理中來，針對地震信號信噪比的高低，提出小波振幅奇異性指數法和小波功率譜奇異性指數法的裂縫密度檢測方法。
  8. The article intend to analysis the precess, character and motivion of development in traditional street space in which contain abundant cultural heritage. through investigation the writer should analysis the characte r, form and the relationship with each other, and furthermore find the pattern of the space in the fulture. what the most important is to summarize the spitits in traditional street space, such as activition, fuction, cultural elements, social customs and quatity of space. in order to put these elements to the exploit of new street space and find how these elements should be used, the writer regards some streets as the examples such as wenming street in kunming, xinhua street in lijiang jianshe rode in luxi. through research the writer find problems which exist in not only traditional but also in new street and express individual viewpoint about how to solve the problems. there are several ways to keep the new street exploition success. in the first place, we shoule know about all kinds of influences and synthesized elements. secondly mastering the mechanism of the development by oneself is indispensable. in the last place, it is necessory not to imitate some certain model which is plausible in other place. in the l ast of the article, the writer uses a new project to further illustrate the way to put the theory what have mentioned above into the practice

    並從自然，社會，經濟及社會文化方面分析產生的根源，發展動力，其次通過實際調查，對現有傳統商住的物質形態要素進行分析，從商空間及住空間的基本特徵，型制入手，探索傳統商住街區的空間形態，結構組成，商與住空間關系，空間性質及空間如何相互轉化。以此來尋找傳統商住街區物質形態特徵，同時結合具體實例強調在傳統商住街區改造、新區的規劃設計中應當重視非物質要素內涵的提取、如活動者及社會結構、功能意義、空間品質、文化氣息，保持歷史傳統的延續性的必要性與可行性。在文章的後半部分，有針對性的對遺留下來的傳統商住街區-昆明文明街、麗江新華街、瀘西建設路的物質形態特徵和非物質形態特徵的分析，找出現存的問題，並針對問題發表個人的觀點，指出引導現代商住街區的開發與改造中，保持形態合理發展的正確途徑是了解影響形態發展與演變的各種因素及其綜合作用，把握好形態演交的內在機制，而不應刻意追求某種特定的模式。
  9. Secondly, in view of the limitation and shortage of traditional simulation of finite element approaches for bolt, a new composite grouted bolt element including nonlinear contacting relation will be built based on the above study of the mechanics mechanism of fully grouted bolt. then, an elastic - plastic finite element program will be developed for the analyses of tunnel stability, in which the composite grouted bolt element and nonlinear finite element analysis method will be used ; the patterns and the affect of main design parameters on the support effect of bolt will be analysed using the program, and conclusions of guidance importance for tunnel support design will be drawn. finally, simulation compution for the excavation and support of a highway tunnel will be made out using the above production, and the method of application of the program will be discussed ; analysis of the deformation, stress and distribution of plastic range will be done, and rational support plan will be worked out, which is of guidance importance for tunnel support design and the thery and technique of fully grouted bolt used in tunneling will be perfected further

    首先，本文在綜合分析隧道穩定性影響因素及失穩破壞模式的基礎上，對全長粘結式砂漿錨桿作用力學機理進行了深入研究，為全長粘結式砂漿錨桿的有限元模擬分析奠定了基礎;其次，針對傳統錨桿有限元模擬方法的局限性與不足，在上述全長粘結式砂漿錨桿作用力學機理研究基礎上，建立出能反映界面非線性粘結的新型復合砂漿錨桿有限單元模型;然後，運用上述復合砂漿錨桿單元模型，引進非線性有限元分析手段，開發了隧道支護穩定性分析的有限元程序，並就全長粘結式砂漿錨桿的型式與設計參數對支護效果的影響進行了深入探討，得到了對隧道支護設計具有指導意義的結論;最後，運用本文研究成果對某公路隧道工程實例進行了開挖與支護的模擬計算，探討了其應用方法，並就隧道變形與應力及塑性區分佈規律進行了分析，從而提出了合理的支護方案，為隧道支護設計提供了參考依據，完善了隧道全長粘結式砂漿錨桿支護的理論與方法。
  10. Firstly, the paper retrospects the development of eso and tries to probe into the theoretical field : the explanation of it ' s definition, the conclusion of it ' s characters, the comparison of eso and other stock inspiration system, followed by the analysis of it ' s theoretical basis and incentive effect ; meanwhile, the paper probes into the realistic situations of eso in usa and china in order to seek the regulation and draw the advantages and disadvantages ; to this part, the paper takes the following four items as the main barriers to eso ' s implementation in china : the over restriction of current law system, the low efficiency of the market, the poor corporate governance structure and a lack of a reasonable performance index system, and elaborately analyze the impacts of the obstacles on eso ; after the analysis made above, the paper gets down to taking some methods to solve the problems in accordance with the characteristic of the barriers. as far as the internal defects of the mechanism are concerned, the paper begins with the scientifically design of the key components, studying the aspects of bestowal, change, loss, the executive method and the executive time. then the paper focuses on designing a performance index system which is an essential part of eso, introducing the bsc to improve the present performance index system, under the reasonable guidelines resigning it at both the levels of company ' s and employee ' s levels. finally, as regards how to perfect the outside surrounding of eso, the thesis makes some suggestion

    本文首先回顧了股票期權制在國內外的發展及較為詳盡的分析了股票期權制度的相關理論：闡述了其涵義，特徵，理論基礎，激勵效應並於其他幾個較易混淆的股權激勵機製作逐一的比較，以進一步澄清人們對其的錯誤認識；同時，對股票期權制在美國和我國的現狀進行深入的實證研究，探求其內在規律，在肯定其成果時指出其不足；至此，筆者認為，我國上市公司要推行股票期權制度將主要面臨以下四類障礙：公司治理結構不完善、市場有效性差、現行法規體系不完善及缺乏客觀的業績考評指標體系，並詳細分析了各類障礙的現狀及對股票期權制的負面影響；在此基礎上，針對各類障礙的不同性質，著手探討消除這些障礙的措施：對于股票期權制內部的缺陷，本文先對各個關鍵要素進行科學設計，系統的剖析了贈與、變更、喪失、執行方式、股票來源等技術性問題，再以大量篇幅研究了如何構建出一套與實施股票期權制相配套的業績考核指標體系，引進平衡計分卡的思想對國內現有的指標體系加以改進，以一組合理的評價原則為指導，從公司及員工個人業績考評兩個層面上來設計該指標體系。
  11. By introducing side pointer, row pointer and column pointer - three pointers in different level, this paper discusses the means to access multi - dimensional array by pointer

    通過引入面指針、行指針和列指針，並與相應級別的指針相關聯，闡述了應用指針訪問多維數組的方法。
  12. According to an analysis of the current various optimum methods, a new mixed type of genetic algorithm are proposed, which overcomes some typical limitations such as the decrease of hunting efficiency lack of hunting competence near the optimal solution. with a model for optimum design setup, the system brwcad are worked out with the advanced language visual basic6. 0 and the object - oriented technique

    此外，針對衡重式擋土墻常規設計存在的弊病，指出其優化設計的必要性與重要性，並在比較分析已有優化方法優缺點的基礎上，引入並提出了一種新型混合遺傳演算法進行優化設計，解決了臨近最優解搜索效率降低、搜索能力不足等缺陷。
  13. This page ' s designation as a policy or guideline is disputed. please see the relevant discussion on the talk page

    請參照英語維基對應頁面或本頁的討論頁內容進一步完善本頁，或提議和參與討論本方針是否可以成為中文維基百科的正式方針或指引。
  14. The essay combined theory with practice has two aspects, that are the basis of theory and manipulation of practice according to comprehensive summary and creation carried on. in theory, it has deepen our recognization by defining its meaning, challenging the traditional moral education and conducting it ' s main contents such as study on network building up, contact on network guiding properly etc. in practice, considering that moral education on network for teenagers is a society systematic engeering, the concrete measures are put forward that include strengthening study of ethical theory on network, reforming traditional moral education pattern, leading by government to implement the adminnistration and supervision of network, building education and management force in network times

    在理論層面，通過對網路道德教育含義的界定，傳統道德教育面臨的挑戰和網路道德教育內容的展開：網路學習觀的樹立，網路交往的正確引導，網路行為管理與指導機制的建立，網路道德和法制意識的提升，網路心理健康的調適和維護五個方面深化對青少年網路道德教育的認識。在操作層面，鑒于青少年網路道德教育是個社會系統工程，從社會宏觀層面出發，嘗試從加強網路倫理理論研究；更新觀念，改革傳統道德教育模式；政府領頭加強對網路運作的管理和監督；網路時代教育及管理相關隊伍的建設等四個大的方面提出相關的對策，以期能指導實踐，改善網路時代的教育環境和教育方式，增強道德教育的針對性、實效性和持續性，從而使青少年成為信息時代合格的「網上一代」 。
  15. To study comprehensive evaluation problems in which criteria values and marks are fuzzy numbers, fuzzy numbers are introduced into grey relational comprehensive evaluation field, then a new multi - level and multi - attribute grey relational comprehensive evaluation method based on plane distance between fuzzy numbers is proposed

    摘要針對評價指標標準值與評分值為模糊數的綜合評估問題，將模糊數引入灰關聯綜合評估領域，提出了一種基於模糊數平面距離的多指標多層次灰關聯綜合評估方法。
  16. In the light of present hotel e - commerce construction status and the macro - environment of china, chapter five proposes a stage - by - stage hotel e - commerce development strategy, after the comparison of the three entry approaches to the hotel e - commerce, it points out that hotels of china should make use of the good opportunity of the national golden tour project, join the tour hotel net positively and build up their own e - commerce. this will not only improve the inside flow and management of hotels, improve the service quality and working efficiency, but also can realize a global marketing and online reservation through the destination marketing system. it will enhance the whole competition level of the chinese hotel industry

    第一章導論介紹了本文的研究意義、研究視角和方法；第二章介紹了本文所研究的飯店電子商務的概念與內涵，並對國內外飯店電子商務的發展現狀進行了對比，對制約我國飯店電子商務發展的原因進行了總結；第三章從經濟學的角度，對電子商務的應用價值進行了理論上的提煉；第四章開始將電子商務引入飯店，首先分析了電子商務在飯店企業中的適用性，然後介紹了飯店中電子商務的技術構建，再從管理學角度對飯店應用電子商務所帶來的商業模式變革及其價值進行了詳細闡述；第五章針對目前我國飯店電子商務的建設現狀和宏觀環境，提出了分階段發展飯內容提要店電子商務的戰略，並對三種飯店電子商務介入途徑進行了對比，指出應該借國家金旅工程建設的良好契機，積極加入旅遊飯店網，藉助現有的電子商務平臺，建設飯店電子商務，不但可以改善飯店企業內部流程與經營管理，提高服務質量與工作效率，還可以通過目的地營銷系統，實現全球營銷與在線預訂，增強中國飯店業的整體競爭水平。
  17. Therefore the dynamical characteristic is acted as detected parameter for fractured detection ( primary amplitude secondary frequence ). and the amplitude of mean sguare and central frequence are acted as evaluational parameter, based on the those studies, the new ideas is put forward that fractured azimuth is dected by lateral difference and fractured density is dected by vertical difference for three facters of fracture, wavelet acted as analysis tool and direction by wave field characteristic applied the multiple scale edge dectection and self - adaptive edge detection into the detection theory of seismic fractured azimuth, also put forward the wavelet different scale filter method of the fractured azimuth detection

    因而，確定了主要以振幅，其次是頻率的地震波動力學特徵作為裂縫檢測的被檢參數和均方振幅和中心頻率作為檢驗檢測結果正確與否的評價參數。在上述研究基礎上，針對裂縫的三要素，提出通過橫向求異檢測裂縫方位和縱向求異檢測裂縫密度的新思想。並以小波作為分析工具，以潛山波場特徵作指導，將數字圖像處理中的多尺度邊緣檢測和自適性邊緣檢測引用到地震裂縫方位檢測中來，並提出了小波變尺度濾波法新的裂縫方位檢測法。
  18. Abstract : a semi - analytical method is used to modelling the pract ical 3 - zone simulated moving bed chromatography ( smbc ) process for optimal searc hing. the switch time which is the most important operation parameter of 3 - zone smbc is analyzed based on the nonlinear batch chromatography theory firstly, and then adjusted by the deviation between the output and the expectation. the switch time approaches the optimization very soon by continously searching on the basi s of the theory. the parameters of the practical system are inputted into simulat ion, the result is used in our experiment and a good separation is obtained

    文摘:針對三帶模擬移動床色譜的實際模型，用一種融合了前饋與反饋的半解析優化計算方法對三帶模擬移動床色譜過程進行了模擬.首先，由非線性單柱色譜理論解析地給出一個三帶模擬移動床色譜的主要操作參數即切換時間值，然後利用所得結果與目標量之間的偏差來校正切換時間，在理論指導下進行優化搜索，切換時間能很快達到最佳值.將測得的系統參數引入計算，並將計算結果用於實際操作，得到了很好的分離效果
  19. Moreover, i discussed with the expert who is an authority in the field of the organizational learning. in a word, the questions i come up with in this paper are common and the problem - solved ways i make every effort to seek are general, therefore many organizations can benefit from it. the whole paper includes seven parts : preface discusses the background of study and raises the key question ; chapter 1 introduces the radical theory of organizational learning, as well as the organizational learning ' s essence ; chapter 2 discusses the classical model and the unproved model of organizational learning, then analyzes the disability of the organizational learning ; chapter 3 discusses the two important properties of medias and the general principle when selecting the media for organizational learning ; chapter 4 introduces the tools, way and strategy about organizational learning i ; chapter 5 describes the two typical ways and the proper tools about the organizational learning ii besides a successful case ; conclusion summarizes the whole paper with the prospects of the further study in the future

    本論文主要由以下部分和內容組成：引言部分，在分析時代背景的基礎上，闡述了組織學習的重要性；第一章對組織學習的定義、實質機制和知識共享的關系進行了闡述；第二章論述了組織學習的經典模型和改進模型，從這個模型出發，總結了組織學習能力的兩大構件，並分析了組織學習主要的障礙因素；第三章論述了媒體的兩個重要屬性，並指出了根據不同的學習環境和學習情況，選擇不同媒體的原則；第四章重點論述了第一類學習（組織對顯性知識的學習）的工具、方法和克服組織學習智障的主要對策等；第五章主要針對組織第二類學習（組織對內隱知識的學習） ，介紹了兩種最具代表性的學習方法、與之相關的媒介工具和成功的案例；結束語部分主要是對本論文的回顧和總結，並對將來更深入、更全面的研究做了展望和期待。
  20. This article is pointed out that the internal control system of our country commercial bank still is in stage newly established, and the internal control ground range international standard still has the equivalent distance, and the real effect is also too not ideal ? controlling the questions that exist in the system construction inside in accordance with our country commercial bank, and on the foundation to spirit that " the guide to the commercial bank internal control " according to the chinese people bank issuing is recently passed on and uses for reference the advanced interior accuse management practice experience of abroad commercial bank, this article puts forward building the tentative plan of pdca ' s internal control that fits our country national condition system o this tentative plan is stressed in the optimum research to realize the method of internal control system, and the substance is building the control system that the circular spiral moves upward of interior accuse policy decision - interior accuse execution - interior accuse control - interior accuse policy decision,

    本文通過對我國商業銀行內部控制現狀進行調查研究后指出，我國商業銀行的內部控制體系還處于初級階段，內部控制水平距離國際標準還有相當的距離，內部控制的實際效果也不太理想。針對我國商業銀行內控體系建設中存在的問題，根據中國人民銀行最近發布的《商業銀行內部控制指引》所傳達的精神並借鑒國外商業銀行先進的內控管理實踐經驗，文章嘗試把符合iso9002標準的質量管理方法（ pdca循環方法）和內控制度建設結合起來，在此基礎上提出建立一個符合我國國情的pdca內部控制體系的設想。該設想著重於內部控制體系最佳實現方式的研究，實質是建立一個以內控決策系統為中心，充分體現內控管理與監督，從內控決策? ?內控執行? ?內控監督? ?內控決策的不斷循環螺旋上升的控制體系。
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