既成事實了 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jìchéngshìshílē]
既成事實了 英文
fait accompli
  • 既 : Ⅰ副詞（已經） already Ⅱ連詞1 （既然） since; as; now that 2 （跟「且、又、也」等副詞連用 表示兩種...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 事 : 名1 （事情） matter; affair thing; business 2 （事故） trouble; accident 3 （職業;工作） job; wor...
  • 實 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （內部完全填滿 沒有空隙） solid 2 （真實; 實在） true; real; honest Ⅱ名詞1 （實際; 事實...
  • 了 : 了助詞1. （用在動詞或形容詞后, 表示動作或變化已經完成） 2. （用在句子的末尾或句中停頓處, 表示變化, 表示出現新的情況, 表示催促或勸止）
  1. The result of this paper were : 1 ) the market mircrostructure of chinese stock is ' nt market maker, two - part stock can n ' t circulate and the scale of current stock is small, so, filling right effect make dividend event do n ' t diluate the price, the stock price could n ' t reach optimal price ; 2 ) the meanings of bid - ask speed in chinese has been changed, did n ' t reflect the real trade cost, only reflect the possible trade cost, contained desire of price popple, din n ' t belong absolute liquidity again ; 3 ) turnover rate is a liquidity ' s index, speculation ' s index too, which can explain one side of liquidity, but this index is defective in chinese stock market ; 4 ) martin index was decrescent when dividend event occurred, display the liquidity of stock was improved, so, the martin index is compatible index to measure chinese stock liquidity ; 5 ) stock dividend event affect the liquidity in the stock dividend day, stock dividend event can n ' t dividend event in the bulletin day ; 6 ) the quantity stock dividend and trend of stock market was significant factors that affect the liquidity

    本研究的結論是： 1 ）中國股票市場的微觀交易結構並不是採取做市商制度，且2 3的股票不能流通，流通股規模很小，存在著股票股利事件后的快速「填權」效應，使股票價格快速回升，股票股利發放事件的稀釋價格作用無法發揮，也就無法達到「最適價格」 ； 2 ）中國股市的買賣價差的含義發生了變化，不再是實際交易成本的反映，只是可能交易成本的反映，因而很大程度上代表了股價的波動意願，並不具有完全意義上的流動性含義。 3 ）就換手率而言，它既是流動性的衡量指標，也是最常用的衡量投機性的指標。換手率指標只能說明流動性的一個側面，在中國衡量流動性是有缺陷的。
  2. Now, they have had more clear orientation about the nature of the bilateral ties, which is the important precondition of developing sino - russian relations ; political trust between two sides, including the recognition of the strategic intentions of the other side, has experienced rapid improvement, providing the essential basis for a broader and deeper relationship ; certain principle, guideline, as well as mechanism for tackling the bilateral affairs have been built up. secondly, to resolve the long - standing border issues between two sides after the collapse of the ussr, china and russia have successfully conducted common border negotiation, demarcation and demilitarization on the bases of justice and rationality and reduced the troops along the border, thus transforming their long border into a non - militarized and open border of peace and co - operation

    在肯定中俄關系的成就和中俄關系對雙邊及世界和地區具有重要意義的同時，必須看到，在目前中俄關系的發展中還存在一些影響兩國關系發展的因素，這些因素包括：中俄經貿聯系現有的水平與結構對中俄關系深入發展有一定的制約作用；國際環境的變化和國際形勢的動蕩為中俄關系的走向增加了不確定因素；中俄目前在能源、軍事等重要領域的合作既存在機遇也面臨巨大挑戰；中俄（蘇）三百年關系史中遺留下來的一些消極因素和中俄關系發展中不斷涌現的一些現實問題對中俄關系的俗康發展產生著負面影響。
  3. But being wrong and not taking the loss, that is what does the damage to the pocket book and to the soul

    但是，如果我做得不對，不肯接受我輸了的事實，記對既會才這賬本也對心靈造成損害。
  4. This dissertation is chiefly act below work : ( 1 ) expatiating the equipments diagnosis technique development process and trend, putting forward the standpoint that giving systematical diagnosis to the mechanical and electrical equipment and expanding the technical application in equipment diagnosis, making it breakthrough the traditional application of maintaining etc. in equipments, still be used for improvement and development etc. s of new product ' s design ; ( 2 ) probing into vibration type and disposal method of vibration signal, the usual method of equipment condition recognition, the essential constitutes and development trend of observation and diagnosis system ; ( 3 ) introducing the development trend of domestic and international crusher and the distinguishing feature of double turnplate stike crusher which is a new product. according to the breakdown phenomenon in running process, establishing the fault tree and deducing every kind of foundation affairs resulting in fault ; ( 4 ) studying the calculation method of critical rotation speed

    本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）闡述了設備診斷技術的發展過程及發展趨勢，提出了應結合實際對機電設備進行系統診斷的新的技術思路，用實踐證明了應當拓寬設備診斷技術應用的范圍，使設備診斷技術既可以在設備管理和設備維修中得到應用，也可以用於新產品的設計改進及開發等； （ 2 ）探討了振動的類型及振動信號的處理方法，設備狀態識別常用的方法，監測與診斷系統的基本構成與發展趨勢； （ 3 ）介紹了國內外破碎機的發展趨勢，以及雙轉盤沖擊破碎機這一新產品的結構和特點，並根據試機過程中出現的故障，建立了故障樹，並導出了導致故障發生的各種基礎事件； （ 4 ）研究了臨界轉速的計算方法和原理，用傳遞矩陣法計算出了破碎機內轉盤的臨界轉速。
  5. By analyzing the reason of china ' s 23 veto castings, it can conclude that china ' s veto castings inevitably represent her national interests, moreover, to enable the problems to be settled fairly, reasonably and effectively under the direction of the un. china always combines the national interests and the interests of international society in an organic way to keep her words, " since china takes part in the un, china must handle everything in accordance with the principle " this serious and discreet attitude towards the right of veto makes striking contrast against some great powers " way of using veto casings like waving the stick wantonly, and establishes the image of a responsible permanent member of the security council keeping to the aim and principle of un charter and international laws

    通過分析中國恢復聯合國合法席位以來的23次否決權使用記錄，可以看到中國的否決權行使雖然仍是以維護本國利益為根本出發點，但為了使相關問題能在聯合國的框架內得到公正、合理、有效的解決，中國總是努力把自己的個體利益與國際社會的普遍利益有機結合起來，以實踐「中國既然參加聯合國的工作，就要按原則辦事」的諾言，這種嚴肅與慎重的態度與一些大國置自身義務于不顧，肆意揮舞否決權大棒的行為形成了鮮明對比，體現了一個恪守《聯合國憲章》與國際法基本準則的，負責任的安理會常任理事國形象。
  6. That ' s a given

    這已經既成事實了
  7. In this paper, the writer explores to make it clear for people to understand the criminal offence in conspiracy by untypical underworld society in four aspects including the conception and basic features of the untypical underworld society, the component elements of the criminal offence in conspiracy by untypical underworld society, the affirmation of such criminal offence and the penalty upon it, in the light of theoretical research and positive analysis. the conception of the untypical underworld society in china is summarized in comparison with the notion of " society ", " untypical underworld society " and the " features " of the untypical underworld society in china. the writer elaborates, when describing the features of the untypical underworld society, such features as " highly - organized ", that " there exists a sphere of influence in a certain district, or in a certain trade or profession, and illegal control is executed within the sphere of influence ", " with actual economic strength in pursuit of economic benefits ", " political infiltration into governmental organs with antagonism ", " decaying culture " and " the compatibility in the measures of criminal offence "

    在論述黑社會性質組織的概念時，結合「社會" 、 「黑社會」的特點和我國黑社會性質組織中「性質」的來源，最後概括出我國黑社會性質組織的概念；在論述黑社會性質組織的特徵時，本文從黑社會性質組織所具有的「比較高的組織化程度」 、 「在某一地區或某些行業具有一定的勢力范圍，並在該范圍內形成非法控制」 、 「以追求經濟利益為主要目的，具有一定的經濟實力」 、 「對政府的滲透，政治上的對抗性」 、 「文化上的腐朽性」 、 「犯罪手段上的兼并性」等方面進行闡述，特別是在「對政府的滲透，政治上的對抗性」採用大篇幅論述，並提出國家工作人員的「保護傘」既包括「包庇」又包括「縱容」 ，特別是在「縱容」方面提出了一些新的觀點；在論述黑社會性質組織犯罪構成特徵時，從犯罪的主體、侵害的客體、犯罪的客觀方面、主觀方面進行了詳細敘述;在論述黑社會性質組織犯罪的認定時，主要從黑社會性質組織與相關范疇的界限、黑社會性質組織罪的司法認定兩個方面來進行的;在論述黑社會性質組織犯罪的刑事處罰時，提出了對各種組織、領導、參加黑社會性質組織行為的處罰原則，並對提高該罪的量刑幅度及增設財產刑提出了立法建議。
  8. In recent years, cases of minors in school to harm people are more and more frequent, and this has been on the rise. this not only affects the normal school activities, but also the healthy growth of minors in school. therefore, the minors ’ wrongdoing is not only a serious legal issue, but also a matter of the future of the nation ' s social problems which attracted widespread attention of the community. once such incident occurred, guardians often attributed the liability to the school management, and request the school to undertake the responsibility, so the research of schools responsible became more and more highly anticipated. in - depth study of this issue has important theoretical and practical significance. the school allege is the school of the narrow sense. the article explored in the context of minors in school during school caused by other physical harm minors in school. it is characterized by : 1. the two sides of subjects are in the school minors students ; 2

    這不僅關繫到學校教育活動的正常進行，而且關繫到未成年人的健康成長，因而既是一個嚴肅的法律問題，也是一個關乎國家和民族未來的社會問題，引起了社會各界的普遍重視。此類事件一旦發生，監護人往往歸咎于學校疏於管理、未盡職責，而要求學校承擔賠償責任，這就使學校責任的研究倍受關注。深入研究學校對在校未成年人致人損害的民事責任問題極具理論和現實意義。
  9. At first, the author shows the accounting ethics which has been studied all over the world and the theoretical and practical significance of accounting ethics research ; and makes clear the definition and targets of accounting ethics and poses six postulates for accounting ethics research. the author holds that accounting morality is what accountants should behave in the stakeholder ; while accounting ethics is not only what accountants should behave in the stakeholder, but also what accountants behave actually in the stakeholder ; the targets of accounting ethics are : moral reasoning about accounting environment, accounting institution, accounting behavior. the postulates of accounting ethics include : the postulates of scarceness of resource, environmental uncertainty, incomplete information, positive transaction cost, bounded rationality social human, opportunism

    首先對國內外會計倫理研究現狀進行了回顧，說明了會計倫理研究的理論意義和實踐意義，明確了會計倫理的定義和研究對象，提出了會計倫理研究的六大假設，認為會計道德是指會計人員在企業各利益關系者之間的行為應該如何，而會計倫理既包括會計人員在企業務利益關系者之間的行為應該如何，還包括會計人員在企業各利益關系者之間的行為事實如何；會計倫理研究對象包括對會計環境、會計制度和會計行為進行倫理推理；會計倫理假設包括資源稀缺假設、環境不確定性假設、信息不完備假設、交易成本為正假設、有限理性社會人假設和機會主義假設。
  10. Using multi - discipline study method, semantic analytical method, comparative analytical method, game analytical method and positivism analytical method, the writer gives a more comprehensive and deeper research on how to control administrative monopoly

    基於以上事實，本文在既有研究成果的基礎上，運用跨學科研究法、語義分析法、比較分析法、博弈分析法、實證分析法等研究方法，對如何控制行政壟斷問題作了較系統、較深入細致的研究。
  11. For a long time, the action mode of authority creed has been adopted in civil procedure, while the legislation and the theoretical circles do n ' t pay enough attention to the principle of good faith. compared to western countries, the existing system of civil procedure cannot effectively protect the right of action of the parties. although we do not have the tradition of the rule of law, our culture of

    訴訟法既保障當事人實質意義上的公正，也強調當事人人格尊嚴不受侵犯，實質公正和程序公正並重，因此，訴訟法上的歸責不以行為人給他人造成實際損害為要件，只要行為人實施了違反誠信義務的行為，且主觀上存在過錯，即應承擔違反誠信原則的法律後果。
  12. As for ordinary crime, it has the following three features : ( i ) the action of crime discontinuance should take place in special stage : ( ii ) the discontinuance of crime should be out of the will of the conductor ; ( iii ) the conductor should give up the conduction of crime for ever. and as for special crime discontinuance, it has four features, i. e. except the foregoing three features of ordinary crime discontinuance, the conductor should take effective measures to prevent the result of crime and practically avoid the happening of the crime result. the third part studies the semi - criminal discontinuance

    在犯罪中止的時間性特徵一節中，文章對犯罪預備階段存在犯罪中止的可能性和必要性進行了探討，通過與國外刑法典的規定比較，認為從世界各國刑事立法趨勢來看，犯罪預備階段的中止行為已不宜再作為犯罪中止處罰；此節中，作者還對放棄重復侵害和犯罪既遂后能否成立犯罪中止從理論上進行了深入地探討，認為放棄重復侵害的情形下，還需要同時具備有效性條件才可能成立犯罪中止，而危險犯既遂后自動有效地防止實害結果的發生，應作為一種事後的悔罪表現，而不應歸屬于犯罪中止。
  13. Things being so uncertain, what i recommend is this : that we really dig right in, as quick as we can ; and after that, we can let on, to ourselves, that we was at it thirty - seven years

    既然前途難卜，我建議這么辦：我們事實上是馬上挖，或者盡快挖。在這以後，我們不妨只當是我們已經挖了三十七年才挖成的。
  14. First of all, to the mainland law is fastened that the criminal law a learned man handles the unpack criticizing that fact error some kinds of doctrines have been carried on the profile to that section, to think in the handle identical constitutes in the fact error inner place the important document, legally to accord with the teachings to accord with teachings more rightful than concrete ; be living to handle in the fact error that the difference constitutes between the important document, legally accord with the teachings to accord with teachings more advisable than abstracting. afterwards, doctrine over the combination, elaborate the target error separately. strike error and the causation error handle

    首先，該部分對大陸法系刑法學者處理事實認識錯誤的幾種學說進行了簡要的評析，認為在處理同一構成要件內的事實認識錯誤上，法定符合說比具體符合說更為合理;在處理不同構成要件間的事實認識錯誤上，法定符合說比抽象符合說更為可取。然後，結合以上學說，分別闡述了對象錯誤、打擊錯誤和因果關系錯誤的處理原則，並著重翻退了我國刑法學界爭議較大的同一構成要件內的打擊錯誤的處理原則，主張在發生同一構成要件內的打擊錯誤的情況下，行為人應對實際發生的侵害結果承擔故意既遂的罪責。
  15. In spite of all his supposed power, his intellect, his experience, and his knowledge of men, kutuzov, taking into consideration the note from bennigsen, who was sending a personal report on the subject to the tsar, the desire expressed by all the generals alike, the desire assumed by them to be the tsars wish, and the news brought by the cossack, could hold back the inevitable movement no longer, and gave orders for what he regarded as useless and mischievousgave his assent, in fact, to the accomplished fact

    庫圖佐夫雖然有他那徒有虛名的權力，有他的聰明才智豐富的經驗和對人的識別能力，但是他不能不注意到貝尼格森親自向皇帝呈交的報告全體將軍們的一致願望，他意料到的皇帝的願望，以及哥薩克們的報告，他再也不能制止那不可避免的行動了，於是他不得不違心地下達命令干他認為無益而且有害的事情，他對既成事實加以認可。
  16. In document process many participators take part in the variant stage to deal with the affairs according to their knowledge, information and resources. they will form a sort of temporary operation structure in this process. they express their opinion and negotiate and communicate with each other to judge the established rules whether or not correspond with the present case and circumstances, and then decide how to action

    公文運轉的過程中在不同階段有不同的參與者，會在公文所處理的事務中形成一種臨時的執行行動結構，他們依據各自掌握的資源和信息，相互協商、溝通，來判斷既有的規則是否與當下處理事務的具體情景相適應，並創造性地確定一個和所處理事務相適應的方案，而這個方案結合了新的元素並且包含了不同行動者的創造性的智慧，從而實現對既有規則的修正和續造。
  17. But in recent years along with enterprise interior personnel structure change, postal service enterprise in salary system aspect contradiction day by day prominent, the wage level and the market price position come apart, the position wages cannot reflect the position value, the achievements system of examining and assessment lacked may operational, the assignment way still quite sole, different had the contradiction as a result of the staff status which the same labor different reward phenomenon initiated to be very prominent, neglects the different post to undertake the difference which the different work responsibility produced, still continued to use the tradition in the achievements inspection, take experiences judges as the main body achievements inspection method, the staff individual income and the contribution size is not close, the varying degree has the egalitarianism,

    薪酬設計中既兼顧影響薪酬的各種因素，又突出重點。優化后的薪酬體系，以工作評價和工作分析為基礎，通過對每一個崗位的職責、任職資格、工作成果進行清晰地界定，並確定與該職位相匹配的價值和報酬體系，為從事不同類屬工作的員工設計相應的職業發展通道，同時根據員工業績評估周期，將員工的薪酬與個人績效和企業的持續發展緊密地聯系在一起，體現了多勞多得的分配原則，實現同工同酬;建立一個能夠激勵員工不斷奮發向上的心理環境;使員工能夠與組織同分享因組織成長所帶來收益。
  18. To acknowledge the honors from the country and respond to the society, the company has established a series of behavioral norms : 1. company slogan : being the fitness emissary, making great efforts on people ' s health and beauty. 2. company perspective : being engaged in the enterprise of healthy and beautification, turning the company ' s brand into an excellent national brand. 3. company mission : dedicating unique high quality products, supplying good after service, helping people to live a healthy and beauty life. 4. company tenet : building famous brand, creating synthetic wealth ; 5

    國家給予的榮譽既是動力也是壓力，為了更好的回報社會，企業制定了一系列的行為準則來規范自身： 1 、企業口號：健美使者為人類的健康美麗而努力； 2 、企業遠景：致力於健康美麗的事業，使公司的品牌成為優秀的民族品牌； 3 、使命：奉獻獨特的優質產品，提供良好的售後服務，幫助人們實現健康、美麗的優質生活。
  19. The main reason leading to such problems are found including organization structure is not reasonable in establishment ; responsibility, right and benefit is not reciprocal, process of object management is not unobstructed and so on the critical problem is organization structure is not reasonable in establishment, so, the optimized design of the object management system is made. firstly, three designed plan of organization structure is offered, they are competent organization structure, object organization structure and matrix organization structure, after the comparison between advantages and shortcoming and experts evaluation, the matrix organization structure is suitable for the institute. secondly, optimize the design of selection of object manager and management system, the institute adopts object manager responsible system

    首先對組織結構進行優化設計，提出了三種組織結構設計方案，即職能事業部式組織結構、項目式組織結構和矩陣式組織結構，經多方案優缺點比較和專家評價，確定出該院應採取的是矩陣式組織結構模式；其次，對項目經理挑選與管理系統進行了優化設計，該院項目管理實行項目經理負責制，項目管理的成功既取決于項目經理個人，又取決於一個強有力的項目團隊，因此建立了一套相對完善的項目經理挑選與培訓程序和合理的項目管理系統；然後，結合勘察設計項目管理的基本內容和程序，按照iso9000族標準及該院質量管理體系文件的規定，對該院項目管理流程進行了優化設計，實現了該院項目管理流程的規范化、程序化和高效化，以確保項目管理取得圓滿成功。
  20. We designs a communication protocol on this model, implementing many functions between host computer and radio, such as data transmission, radio management and control, status advertisement, etc. this paper uses the interface protocol, designs a radio link layer protocol, and implements the driver for the radio in linux operating system. after testing and measurement, we conclude that this interface protocol can be a model which uses ethernet interface as a transparent data channel

    本文使用了此介面協議，設計了無線鏈路協議，並且在linux操作系統中以電臺驅動程序的方式實現了介面和鏈路協議，通過對驅動程序運行情況的測試，說明該介面協議對網路層協議而言屏蔽了以太網作為透明通道的事實，此協議介面模型的可以實現和完成既定的功能和目標。
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