時延常數 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shíyánchángshǔ]
時延常數
英文
delay constant-
A highly efficient numerical algorithm by using multi - grid method ( mgm ) is introduced to solve the three dimensional field distribution in the present paper. formulae of the restriction and prolongation in mgm computation is deduced, and a 3d program of mgm is accomplished, which can solve the field distributions in electron optical systems for various electrostatic lenses. the 3d field distribution in an electrostatic concentric spherical model is tested with mgm algorithm and an algorithm based on finite difference method ( fdm ) respectively. comparing these two results in view of computational efficiency and computational accuracy, it appears that mgm is superior to fdm in solving electrostatic field distribution for the electron optics problem. this paper shows that the 3d field computation using mgm greatly improves the computational efficiency of field distributions in electron optical systems and shortens the computational time
本文將一種高效率的數值計算方法? ?多重網格法引入三維靜電場分佈的計算，多重網格法利用限制和延拓可迅速求得滿足精度要求的場分佈.研究了求解各種靜電透鏡電子光學系統三維場分佈的多重網格法程序，驗算了靜電同心球模型的三維場分佈.通過與目前在場計算中常用的有限差分法進行比較，可以看出多重網格法的計算效率和計算精度優于有限差分法.本文表明利用多重網格法計算三維場大大提高了場分佈的計算效率，縮短了計算時間，因此為后續計算打下了良好的基礎The mice showed also ageing - associated decline in oocyte quality, as indicated by increased frequency of premature chromatid separation, spindle disruption and / or chromosome misalignments in mii oocytes of aged mice. the gv oocytes from aged mice normally matured in vitro. the percentages of pronuclear - stage embryos, 2 - cell embryos and blastocyst derived from mii oocytes of aged mice by in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) were comparable with ones of young mice, but pronuclei formed 1 h later in aged mice than in young mice
老齡小鼠gv期卵母細胞能正常體外成熟；老齡小鼠m期卵母細胞經體外受精后形成原核期胚、 2 -細胞期胚和囊胚的比率與年輕小鼠比較無顯著差異，但原核形成時間延遲1小時；在老齡小鼠卵母細胞，注射牛精子抽提物或sr ~ （ 2 + ）處理時所誘發的ca ~ （ 2 + ）振蕩以及在減數分裂成熟及早期胚胎中的pkc分佈未發生改變。This paper referred to the massive domestic and foreign technical material, elaborated in the sheet forming value simulation theory essential technology in detail, points out when analysis sheet forming question should use the big distortion ball plasticity fem and introduce the application characteristic and the function summarizes of the sheet forming simulation software dynaform. secondly, analyzed the cover forming characteristic, simultaneously introduced the influence cover forming factor in detail : such as ramming direction, the craft addendum surface and the material pressing surface, the radius of convex - concave mold, draw bead, pressure strength, blank size and craft margin and so on. and simulates many typical automobiles cover panel with software : such lateral board, back taillight pedestal and storage cover
其次，分析了覆蓋件成形的特點和要求，同時詳細介紹了影響覆蓋件成形的因素如沖壓方向、工藝補充面和壓料面、凸凹模圓角、拉延筋、壓邊力、坯料尺寸和工藝切口等，並用數值模擬軟體對多個典型的汽車覆蓋件汽車后側圍板、后燈座以及轎車后備箱蓋的沖壓成形情況進行模擬，用模擬結果優化拉延工藝方案，比較了內覆蓋件和外覆蓋件在成形特點和要求的一些異同點，以及常見的起皺、拉裂和回彈、成形不足等缺陷的產生機理和相應對策，重點介紹工藝補充面和壓料面的設計及優化方法，因為拉延是沖壓工藝的關鍵工序，而工藝補充面和壓料面的設計是拉延工序的關鍵，對消除缺陷至關重要。In the second place, based on the asu of buggenum igcc plant in netherlands, both static and dynamical model for distillation tower of the asu are created and some valuable conclusions are gained as well. finally, a compartmental simplified model is created for distillation tower of the asu, in order to reduce the simulation time and increase the simulation efficiency. the new model will be helpful to the further simulation and on - line optimal control for the asu of the igcc plant
其次，本文以荷蘭buggenum電站的空分系統為原型，基於matlab建立了空分系統精餾塔的半圖形化動、靜態數學模型，並通過模擬，得出了一些有價值的結論：當空分系統的壓力變化時，氧氣產品濃度的響應時間常數為兩小時左右，說明空分系統是igcc電站最大延遲環節；而且雖然氧氣濃度最後會穩定在igcc電站所要求的范圍之內，但在過渡過程中會超出限制，這些都為igcc電站的安全運行及控制系統設計提供了有價值的信息。The cleaning cars has seven major characteristics : 1, the vehicle design aesthetic appearance generous, simple, flexible cleaner compact cab from the sanitation workers in the rain, snow and inclement weather operations headaches ; 2, jia lu cleaning electric car gearbox is my companys patented products, latin america is characterized by heavy goods, light down - climbing and extended battery life ; 3, jia lu electric bicycle bridge cleaning car brake, the company is a patent product, is characterized by simple structure, convenient operation, maintenance easier, better braking performance ; 4, good deer electric car cleaning dustbins with low human workers the high - school, so that sanitation workers can easily handling, reversing a good sight, and reduce incidents, high safety factor ; 5, good deer electric cleaning trucks advanced electric power putter as a dump, the sanitation workers to reduce labor intensity, is characterized by fewer power failures, maintenance - free ; 6, jia lu electric vehicle using toughened glass cleaning cars, advance reversing have good vision, difficult to scratch and ensure the safety of sanitation workers ; 7, good deer by external electric car cleaning plate, a fiberglass liner internal, external characteristics : hinge not on the plate yi loose, often not dump deformation and withstand collisions, the internal use of fiberglass liner, not rust, corrosion, wear after the liner can be replaced, maintaining low cost
該保潔車有七大特點： 1 、該車外型設計美觀大方，操作簡單靈活，明凈小巧的駕駛室免除了環衛工人在雨雪等惡劣天氣作業時的煩惱； 2 、佳鹿電動保潔車變速箱是我公司的專利產品，特點是拉重貨，輕松爬坡而且省電，延長電瓶的使用壽命； 3 、佳鹿電動保潔車后橋雙輪制動，是我公司的專利產品，特點是結構簡單，操作方便，維修容易，制動性能好； 4 、佳鹿電動保潔車超低的垃圾箱符合人體工程學的高度，使環衛工人能輕松地裝卸，倒車時具有良好的視線，減少事故的發生，安全系數高； 5 、佳鹿電動保潔車採用先進的電動推桿作為自卸動力，減輕了環衛工人的勞動強度，特點是故障少功率大，免維護； 6 、佳鹿電動保潔車整車採用鋼化玻璃，前進倒車都有良好的視線，不易劃傷，保證環衛工人的安全； 7 、佳鹿電動保潔車外部採用鋼板，內部採用玻璃鋼內膽，外部特點：鉸鏈在鋼板上不易松動，經常自卸不變形，經得起碰撞，內部採用玻璃鋼內膽，不生銹、不腐蝕，磨損后內膽可以更換，維護成本低。The conventional variable structure control technique for uncertain system requires that the uncertainty bound is known as a premise to assure robustness. the requirement creates an over - conservative controller and enlarges chattering. the proposed controller regards the influence of unknown disturbances and parameter uncertainties as an equivalent disturbance and generates an on - line estimation used in smc to cancel the slowly varying uncertainties by the mechanism of time delay. the reaching law approach is used to get the conditions and band of quasi - sliding mode. the new methodology offers a robust feedback control with much lower gains and reduces chattering without a prior knowledge of the uncertainty bounds or matched conditions
常規變結構控制用於不確定系統，須利用不確定性界確保系統的魯棒性，控制器過于保守且抖振變大.本文把未知干擾和參數不確定性的影響等效為名義系統的外界干擾，利用時延技術對干擾進行在線估計，並將估計值引入到變結構控制中，從而抵消掉系統中的慢變不確定性，利用離散趨近律法，推出了準滑動模態的存在條件及其帶寬.該方法克服了以往控制方法中須已知不確定性界的限制，且不必滿足匹配條件，用較低的控制增益保證了系統的魯棒性，降低了準滑動模態帶即削弱了抖振Abstract : the conventional variable structure control technique for uncertain system requires that the uncertainty bound is known as a premise to assure robustness. the requirement creates an over - conservative controller and enlarges chattering. the proposed controller regards the influence of unknown disturbances and parameter uncertainties as an equivalent disturbance and generates an on - line estimation used in smc to cancel the slowly varying uncertainties by the mechanism of time delay. the reaching law approach is used to get the conditions and band of quasi - sliding mode. the new methodology offers a robust feedback control with much lower gains and reduces chattering without a prior knowledge of the uncertainty bounds or matched conditions
文摘:常規變結構控制用於不確定系統，須利用不確定性界確保系統的魯棒性，控制器過于保守且抖振變大.本文把未知干擾和參數不確定性的影響等效為名義系統的外界干擾，利用時延技術對干擾進行在線估計，並將估計值引入到變結構控制中，從而抵消掉系統中的慢變不確定性，利用離散趨近律法，推出了準滑動模態的存在條件及其帶寬.該方法克服了以往控制方法中須已知不確定性界的限制，且不必滿足匹配條件，用較低的控制增益保證了系統的魯棒性，降低了準滑動模態帶即削弱了抖振Chapter 4 discusses how to stabilize a class of time - delays neural networks via standard feedback control ; this kind of neural networks provides a unified view of several well - known neural networks ( such as hopfield neural networks and cellular neural networks ) with discrete delays or distributed delays. a stability criterion is given by using the lyapunov method. all the results obtained in this chapter are stated in simple algebraic forms so that their verifications and applications are straightforward and convenient
通過使用lyapunov方法，我們得到了一類時延神經網路經過標準反饋控制后的穩定條件，這類神經網路涵蓋了幾種著名的神經網路，如hopfield神經網路、細胞神經網路，同樣，本章所得到的結論也是簡單的代數表達式，使用非常方便，最後在用計算機通過做數值實驗對這些結論進行了驗證。The main results are as follows : 1. dynamical behavior in coupled map lattices with regular topology are investigated by using lyapunov componet. 2. dynamical behavior in coupled map lattice with scale - free topology are investigated in detail. our strategy is to apply three feedback control methods, including constant feedback and two types of time - delayed feedback, to a small fraction of network nodes to reach desired synchronous state
本論文正是對具有無標度拓撲結構的耦合映象格子的動力學行為進行了研究，主要內容和創新點如下: 1 .利用lyapunov指數對具有規則網路結構的耦合映象格子系統的動力學行為進行研究; 2 .對具有無標度網路結構的耦合映象格子系統的動力學行為進行了詳細研究;為了使系統達到同步，我們的策略是應用三種反饋方法（常數反饋和兩種時延反饋）對系統的部分節點進行控制以達到我們期望的狀態。The advantage is that it can be used to directly calculate the real physics quantities in an economic way. in this way, we need n ' t perform the analytical continuation from the result in the itf. this new rule has the following property ; the vertex is only related with the coupling constant and independent of the orientation of the momenta, one half of the vertex components vanish
它的優點在於能直接計算與實際物理相關的觀測量，不用象虛時溫度場論中做計算后再作解析延拓，使得計算得到一定的簡化，並具有如下特點：頂角函數只與耦合常數相關，獨立於外線動量方向，而且一半的分量為零。The conclusions from this research include : ( 1 ) the real part mainly effects the delay time between two peaks of gpr signal, the larger the real part, the longer the delay time. ( 2 ) the imaginary part mainly affects the peak amplitude of gpr waveform except that from pavement surface, the higher the imaginary part, the lower the peak amplitude. ( 3 ) the neglect of imaginary part of dielectric will increase the analyzing error obviously when it is higher
分析了路面結構層材料介電常數實部和虛部對雷達電磁波反射信號的影響，並得出以下結論： （ 1 ）介電常數的實部主要影響雷達反射波的時延，實部越大，時延越長； （ 2 ）虛部主要影響除路表反射波幅之外的其它結構層界面的反射波波幅，虛部越大，反射波幅越小； （ 3 ）當介質介電常數虛部較大時，忽略虛部將給分析結果帶來明顯的誤差； 3Serving as customs superintendent, ho - shen had easy access to luxury goods ; he also persuaded the increasingly senile emperor to prolong a bloody military campaign, pocketing vast sums allocated to the army while the soldiers starved
作為賦稅管理者，和?已經非常容易得到珍貴的物品;而且他還勸說日益年老的皇帝延長一次血腥的軍事行動，當士兵正在挨餓的時候，把數量巨大本因分配給軍隊的軍餉裝入囊內。A perturbation method by tight - binding approximation which provide the relation of phase constant and angular spectrum of fields of in - waveguide is presented. the strip width of phase constant can be given. on the other hand, the group delay - time due to the k dispersion in single - mode transmission can also be estimated
提出一種利用緊束縛近似的微擾法計算陣列波導的相位常數與輸入光角譜的關系，由此算出相位常數的帶寬，並利用衍射方法估算單模傳輸中k色散引起的群延時。In this work, the influences of fabrication process on microstructure, dielectric properties, ferroelectric properties and pyroelectric properties of plt films have been studied. plt films were prepared on the pt ( 111 ) / ti / sio2 / si ( 100 ) substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method and then annealed by rapid thermal annealing process ( rta ) or conventional furnace annealing process ( cfa ). with the help of atom force microscopy ( afm ), x - ray diffraction ( xrd ) and some other apparatus, it was found that : lower substrate temperature ( ts ) was helpful for plt films to form better surface morphologies. with the increase of substrate temperature, the dielectric constant of plt films increased
Afm 、 xrd以及性能測試結果表明:較低的基片溫度有利於形成表面均勻緻密的薄膜，且薄膜的表面粗糙度均方根較小;隨著基片溫度的升高，經過快速退火的plt薄膜的介電常數逐漸增大;相比于傳統退火，快速退火縮短了退火時間，提高了薄膜的介電和鐵電性能;快速退火隨著保溫時間的延長，大部分鈣鈦礦結構的特徵峰的峰強增大，半高寬減小，峰形越來越尖銳，但當保溫時間為80s的時候， （ 100 ）和（ 110 ）峰的強度有所下降，因此保溫時間在60s較為適宜。The parameters include iterative decoding algorithms, interleave length, the times of iterative decoding and channel models. to reduce the decoding delay and the average iterative times, a few stop - iterative - criterias used as a rule are compared and analyzed, and an improved turbo - crc - sdr stop - criteria is brought forward
為了減少迭代譯碼時延及降低平均迭代次數，對常見的幾種迭代停止準則進行了分析比較，從中提出了一種改進的turbo - crc - sdr停止準則。In this thesis, the spectral characteristics of a fiber grating are analyzed by using the coupled mode theory. the influences of various structural features such as the length, chirp, coupling coefficient and aperdization to the spectral characteristics were studied numerically with a transfer matrix method. the reflective spectral responses for fiber bragg gratings with different aperdization are analyzed, and the optimal aperdization is ob tained
首先論文利用耦合模理論對光纖光柵的光學特性進行了詳細的分析，在對比了龍格庫塔法和傳輸矩陣法這二種常用的分析方法的基礎上，選擇傳輸矩陣法著重研究了光纖光柵長度、啁啾系數、耦合系數以及各種切趾函數與其反射譜譜寬、反射率極值、時延、色散等特性的相互關系及影響。It is revealed that the rtt distribution is best fitted by a constant plus a " skewed right " gamma distribution. the adjacent and near - adjacent delays in the time series are linearly dependent rather than random. it is also indicated that there are only weak or no nonlinear correlations among rtt observations
分析表明rtt時間序列與一個常數加右偏的分佈極其相符合；在時間序列中相鄰的及相近的時延之間是線性相關而不是不相關的；也可以看到在兩個採集的rtt觀測值之間只有微弱的或沒有非線性相關性。The proposed algorithm lows the complexity by choosing decision delay in advance and then making solution of the equalizer tap coefficient, a new decision delay choice method is proposed, solution by using weight method, diagonal matrix transform, z extension and a new energy restrictive condition which restrains noise enhance, a new decision delay choice method is proposed, the simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm has better equalization effect and enhanced performance comparing to the general mmse algorithm, simulation research on the precision and dynamic scope of parameters in digital realization time domain equalization algorithm, design software and hardware of time domain equalizer. fourthly, there exist a lot of interfere in dsl line, especially, dsl works in multi - user mode, the near end interference is serious
通過先選擇判決時延，再進行時域均衡器抽頭系數求解的方法降低了時域均衡計算復雜度；對于均衡器抽頭系數的求解使用了加權技術，通過對角矩陣變換， z擴展，使用不同的能量約束條件對演算法求解，結果表明這種約束有效的抑制了噪聲增強，與常用刪se比較，該演算法有更佳的均衡效果，演算法性能得到了提高：論文還對數字化實現時域均衡演算法中每一部分參數的精度、變量的動態范圍進行了模擬研究，對時域均衡的軟硬體實現進行了設計。Neural networks can be viewed as a universal approximator for nonlinear functions, but the multi - layer feed - forward neural network which be used usually is a static state network in nature, it is disagree with the real - time identification for dynamic system. moreover, recurrent neural networks can simulate the state memory mechanism of dynamic system, so it can be utilized as the model of dynamic time delay system
神經網路具有逼近任意連續非線性函數的能力，但常用的多層前饋式反傳網路本質上是一種靜態網路，不適合動態系統的實時辨識，而遞歸神經網路能夠實現對動態系統狀態記憶機制的模擬，因此更適合於作為動態時延系統的模型。Short - term memory, which lasts for seconds to minutes, allows one to memorize, say, a rarely used telephone number long enough to make a call, but will be lost completely afterwards. long - term memory, on the other hand, lasts much longer and is resistant to removal
前者只可延續數秒或數分鐘，例如讓我們可以記著，並打出一個平常甚少用的電話號碼，而事後便會完全忘記；而後者則可保留較長時間，而且不容易去掉。分享友人