普通法規則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [pǔtōngfǎguīzé]
普通法規則 英文
rules of jus common
  • 普 : Ⅰ形容詞（普遍; 全面） general; universal Ⅱ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 通 : 通量詞（用於動作）
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 規 : Ⅰ名詞1 （畫圓形的工具） instrument for drawing circles 2 （規則; 成例） rule; regulation 3 [機械...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 普通 : common; general; ordinary; plain; honest; private; trile; average
  • 規則 : 1. （規定的制度或章程） rule; regulation; ordination; prescribed procedure; rope 2. （整齊） regular
  1. The current public prosecution mode in our country took shape from the past whole case - examine mode in the base of the thinking to get ride of the drawbacks in the past. in practice, it has not only become effective and cause out a lot of new defaults, for example, the definition of the main evidence is not clear, the transfer range of the case files is unclear and the stipulate of the examine consequence is not enough. in order to reform and perfect the current public prosecution mode, we should regard the theory of the public prosecution as guide, combine our country ' s conditions, on methodology jump out of the circle relatively drawing lessons from the past, on the procedural theory, change the idea that the forejudge caused from the substantive examination and clarify the objective fact the current public prosecution include the essential substantive examination, in practice regard legitimacy, rationality and flexibility as the principle of law enforcement before the law to revise, in legislation define the concept of the main evidence clearly, add the regulation to dispatch the examine judge and the trial judge, regulate the treatment methods after examination and revise some rules about the summary procedure

    以公訴審查制度的訴訟理念為指導，結合我國的國情，對現行公訴審查模式的改革和完善，在方法論上跳出以往比較借鑒的圈子；在訴訟理念上改變過去庭審法官預斷必然緣于實體性審查的觀念，以澄清現行公訴審查模式包括必要的實體審的客觀事實；在實踐中以合法性、合理性和靈活性作為立法修改前的執法原則；在立法上明確界定主要證據的范圍是對證明犯罪是否成立起主要作用或有重要影響的證據，其中既包括有罪證據也包括無罪證據，增加規定公訴審查法官與正式庭審法官分立制度，補充規定對公訴審查后開庭審理之外的其它情況的處理方法以及對於人民法院在審理過程中發現不宜適用簡易程序的，取消原刑訴法應當按照一般公訴案件適用的普通審判程序重新審理的規定，改為由審理該案件的獨任審判員以外的審判員重新組成合議庭對該案件進行重新審理等。
  2. The second chapter firstly expounds upon some principles of incorporation clause in the b / l under c / p at common law : a clause which is directly germane to the subject matter of the bill of lading ( that is to the shipment, carriage and delivery of goods ) can and should be incorporated into the bill of lading contract ; the ancillary terms / clauses of the charter - party could not be incorporated into the bill of lading unless these ancillary terms / clauses are explained by the specific words in the charter - party or in the bill of lading ; presumed intention of charter - parties should be found by the incorporation clause ; an incorporation clause is subject to the loading, carriage and delivery of the goods ; only charter - party terms, which are usual and reason, could be included in the bill of lading etc. - 1 - based on these rules i elaborate on some terms of the charter - party which often arise disputes, for example freight clause, dead - freight clause, demurrage clause and arbitration clause etc. could be incorporated into the bill of lading or not ; if could how these clauses should be incorporated into b / l

    第二章首先闡明英美普通法中對租約提單中併入條款解釋的幾大原則：與合約標的事項直接關聯的原則； 「附屬性條款」需有效合併的原則；合併條款要尋求雙方訂約的意願；合併主要是針對與貨物運輸和貨物交付有關的內容；合併的條款必須公平合理等原則。然後根據這些原則，具體闡述租約中容易產生糾紛的條款，如運費條款、虧艙費條款、滯期費條款、仲裁條款等條款能否併入提單，如何併入提單的問題。在具體說明的過程中，也闡述了我國海商法的規定及實務中的做法，並盡可能對其進行分析，指出其中不完善之處，並試圖提出一些改進的方法。
  3. Consideration is an important term in english and american contract law, and it is a body of rules enriched by the development of common law. there are many rules about consideration, among which the following may be most frequently mentioned : past consideration is no consideration ; consideration is provided by the promisee, though not necessarily to the promisor ; the adequacy and sufficiency of consideration

    對價是英美合同法中的一個重要術語，有關對價的制度是隨著普通法的歷史發展而不斷豐富起來的規則體系，有關對價的規則主要有：既往對價不是對價；對價一般由受約人提供，但不一定提供給立約人；對價的充足與充分。
  4. Because of the common law tradition, american law comes from four basic sources : the federal and state constitutions, statutes made by the united states congress and the legislatures of the various states, case law or judge - made law ( uncodified law based on judicial decisions ), and rules and decisions formulated by administrative agencies collectively known as administrative law

    由於普通法系統的傳統，美國法律有4個基本來源：聯邦和州憲法，美國國會和各州議會通過的成文法，判例法或者說法官制定的法律（基於法院判決的不成文法） ，以及統稱為行政法的由各行政機關制定的規則和決議。
  5. Based on isbd and aacr2 rules and the analyses of the range, type, features of western language manuscript materials, this paper discusses the difference between the description flies for western language manuscript materials and ordinary western language monograph, analyses and discusses the cataloging methods and the notice of marc21

    摘要論文以isbd 、 aacr2相關規則為依據，結合對西文手稿資料范圍、類型及特點分析，探討西文手稿資料的著錄規則與西文普通圖書著錄規則的差異，並對採用marc21進行西文手稿資料編目方法及注意事項進行細致的分析與探討。
  6. Equity is a correction of common legal rules in their defective parts

    衡平法是對普通法律規則中瑕疵部分的矯正
  7. ( contract law of pro ) make up the aforesaid legal vacuum. notwithstanding many provisions provided for by contract law may apply to charter party in the absence of the corresponding provisions in maritime law, the aforesaid provisions are just general provisions. charter party, as an special type of contract, has many particular characters differ from the common business contract and formed many unique usages after hundreds years of practice

    雖然新合同法的實施使許多海商法中沒有規定的有關租船合同的事項可以直接從新合同法中找到調整依據，但這些規定往往都是一些原則性的規定，而租船合同作為較偏門的合同種類，其存在著許多與普通民商事合同不同的獨特特徵並且租船運輸在海上運輸中有著上百年的歷史，行成了許多獨特的習慣做法。
  8. In this page the disadvantages of common intrusion detection system are presented. and the details of designs of a expertsystem based real - time intrusion detection system with brief introduction of expert system in artificial intelligence are also exhibited in this paper. meanwhile an example of definition of rule - set in knowledge - rule database is included in the introduction mentioned above

    該文討論了普通型入侵檢測系統的弱點，對人工智慧的重要領域專家系統作了簡要介紹，提出了一個基於專家系統的實時入侵檢測系統的詳細設計方案和實現方法，同時舉例說明如何定義知識規則庫中的規則集。
  9. Although these algorithms have different rule forms. algorithm efficiency is still imperfect, but continue to study more efficient, more general inferring algorithms leaves good basis

    雖這些演算法各自有不同的規則形式，演算法效率仍不完美，但是為繼續深入探討更加高效、更加普遍通用的推理演算法奠定了良好的基礎。
  10. Although they generally follow the rules for magic weapons, psionic weapons can differ from mundane and magic weapons in their design

    盡管通常它們通常遵循魔法武器的規則，但靈能武器在設計上和普通及魔法武器不同。
  11. In the aspect of software project ' s cost accounting, considering that measurement standard of functional point in general use ca n ' t adapt to estimation of all sorts of projects, the author has improved the usage in controlling software of measurement standard of functional point. in order to manage and control all the documents of the whole system conveniently, to form version number automatically, a kind of doc ument numbering rule is put forward in the document management. so the current status is in focus via document version number

    在軟體項目成本估算方面，考慮到普遍使用的功能點度量法不能很好適應所有項目類型的估算，對功能點度量法在控制軟體中的使用提出了改進；在文檔管理中，為了便於實現系統對各文檔的管理控制和版本號的自動生成，提出了一種文檔編號規則，通過文檔版本號可以了解該文檔的當前狀態；在質量評價中，利用判斷矩陣和一致性檢驗方法，將定性信息轉變為定量值，從而使軟體質量各子特性得到量化，實現軟體質量的度量。
  12. The lyapunov function is used to analyze the convergence of the general learning rule, and it is proved in theory that the general learning rule has the inherent factor which adjusts the coefficient values to gain the minimum error

    通過理論推導，用李雅普諾夫函數分析和驗證通用參數學習規則的學習收斂性，揭示參數學習演算法朝最小誤差方向調整參數的內在因素。
  13. The writer considers that establishing the unification rule currently is not only the requirement of the fact, but also having the stable foundations and conditions. the third chapter of the article uses the rule of unification between the army and the local place as a tool of research, starting with the status in quo, taking the basic requirements of the rule as a standard judgment, find out the shortage of the military criminal law. the shortages are analyzed separately from the aspects of military criminal material law, military criminal procedure law and judicatory system

    在本文的第三章，筆者以軍地法治相統一原則為研究工具，進而從軍事刑事法的現狀入手，以原則的基本要求為評判標準，找出軍事刑事法存在的不足:一、靜態層面: （一）軍事刑事實體法方面:一是軍事刑法及其附屬性罰則的部分內容欠缺規范;二是軍事刑法中的危害國防利益罪對于普通公民的規定過于嚴密;三是軍事刑法中的軍人違反職責罪對于嚴重危害軍人人身權益和人格尊嚴的不法行為缺乏相應的規范。
  14. Compared with the common litigation procedure and no litigation procedure the personnel litigation procedure has four notable characteristics : the limitative of the case scope 、 the body a relation litigation object has the public - spirited 、 applicable to litigation legal theory and no litigation legal theory interlaced 、 applicable to special procedure rule

    人事訴訟程序與普通訴訟程序、非訟程序相比，具有四個顯著特徵:案件范圍具有限定性、身份關系訴訟標的具有公益性、交錯適用訴訟法理與非訟法理、適用特殊程序規則。
  15. On the other hand, in order to ensure that the us trans - national corporations would implement their personal data protection policy, the " principles " also stress the importance of remedies. as such, the " principles " provide that in most cases, the persons affected could initiate legal proceedings either in the states or europe. besides, the " principles " also list in detail the remedies that can be pursued under the laws of the states, including infringement of privacy rights under a common law tart claim etc

    另一方面，為了確保美國的跨國企業會執行保障個人資料的政策，原則也強調制裁的重要性，因此，原則規定受影響的人士在大部分情況下，均可以在歐盟或美國提出訴訟，原則也詳細列出了一系列根據美國法律可以追究的制裁方式，包括普通法中的侵犯私隱權等。
  16. The benson report reflects the well - established principles of common law, and any deviation would require introduction of complex regulations to control abuse

    班信報告反映出該源遠流長的普通法原則，如欲偏離原則，便須引入復雜的規例，藉以遏止濫用情況。
  17. The common law rules of jurisdiction can be summarized : jurisdiction depends on service of process, and service may be made upon a defendant present within the jurisdiction as of right

    普通法管轄權規則可簡要地概括為：管轄權取決于傳票的送達，而傳票的送達可基於被告在管轄區內的出現。
  18. Changes in the formal rules include legislative changes, such as the passage of a new statute, judicial changes that result from court decisions altering the common law, regulatory rule changes, which alter the rules by which other rules are made

    正是規則的變化包括法律的變化，比如通過了一項新的法令，司法的變化來自於法庭的決定，那改變了普通法，管理規則的變化改變了其他由此而定的規則。
  19. Changes in the formal rules may come about as a result of legislative changes such as the passage of a new statute ; judicial changes stemming from court decisions that alter the common law ; regulatory rule changes enacted by regulatory agencies ; and constitutional rule changes that alter the rules by which other rules are made

    正式規則的變化可能是法律變化的結果，比如通過了一項新的法令；司法的變化源自於法庭的決定，那將改變普通法；管理規則的變化由管理機構實施；憲法規則的變化會制定其他規則。
  20. Under one country, two systems, hong kong has retained its common law system, which has continued to thrive and operate normally. the laws previously in force before the handover in 1997 - the common law, rules of equity, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law - have been maintained in accordance with the basic law

    根據"一國兩制"的原則，香港繼續保留普通法制度，而這制度亦繼續在香港正常運作和發揮功效。按照《基本法》的規定，香港在一九九七年回歸祖國前的原有法律，即普通法、衡平法、各條條例、附屬法例和習慣法，都繼續保留。
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