晶間氧化 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jīngjiānyǎnghuà]
晶間氧化
英文
intergranular oxidation-
The result showed that crystal defect of nano - cuo prepared by pressure - hydrothermal method is less, structure is more stable, the process of charge and discharge is more steady, and duration is longer
結果表明，壓力-熱液法制備的納米氧化銅晶格缺陷少，結構穩定，充放電過程平穩，且持續時間長。The silica coated nanometer particles after containning in n2 for 2h within 600 c is the crystallization form. thus it can sufficiently work the nano effect. the surface of the composite particles has no crystal water and no absorbing water. the anti - oxidation ability increase after coating
鐵納米復合粒子為結晶態，納米粒子在6000c ，氮氣保護下，納米粒子不重新結晶，殼層二氧化硅包裹在納米鐵表面阻斷了納米粒子之間的重新原子排列。Abstract : there are offered many ways how to improve work of a spark plug. but one of the m ost important problems has not been solved yet. this is a thermal mode operation of a spark plug. the ideal spark plug should be instantly heated at the moment of occurrence of a spark and instantly cooled down in expectation of the foll owing electrical pulse. thus it balances between preservation of heat for self ? c leaning from scale and its removal in avoidance self ? ignition. in this article a uthor managed for this time to offer a spark plug with capability “ self ? regula tion ” of heat flux removed from a zone of ignition. essence of the offer is a t ip ， which is transparent for heat flux. it is produced from single crystal of sap phire
文摘:在如何提高火花塞的工作質量方面有多種方法，但是其中最重要的一個問題還沒有得到解決，那就是火花塞工作的熱學模型問題.理想的火花塞應該能在點火的瞬間被立刻加熱，並且在接下來的電脈沖過程中迅速冷卻，由此在熱量的存儲與散發之間取得平衡，以避免自點火.本文力圖展示一種具有自動調節源於點火區域熱流能力的火花塞，其技術的關鍵是頂部絕緣體材料，它是由藍寶石單晶製作，而非傳統的氧化鋁陶瓷The results indicated that the dimension, shape and purity of base material could meet the functional demand of solid lubricant ; the thermal decomposition temperature of ptfe resin exceeds 400 c, but organic and inorganic packing filler added in ptfe made the water absorption rate of composite material increased, melting temperature and decomposition temperature decreased, in the meanwhile oxidative decomposition reaction was accompanied ; polar groups such as c = o, c - o - c and so on in the carbon fiber surface is advantageous to increase compatibility with other components and interlayer shearing strength ; uniform design experimental method could help to find the relationship between formula and frictional property by relatively small tests. the developing trend of each formula ' s friction coefficient could be showed by fitting curve ; the friction coefficient with no copper powder or graphite in formula was relatively big. this fact showed that copper powder and graphite should be used cooperatively ; it was found that when the ratio of copper powder to graphite by weight is 15 : 60, 30 : 30 - 40 and 60 : 15 - 30 respectively, the friction coefficient was relatively small. the degree of crystallinity of pure ptfe reached maximum by air cooling and the abrasion loss also reached maximum among three ones ; at the same time, the abrasion loss of solid lubricant sample was also the biggest among three ones ; when solid lubricant matched with 45 # steel axle or gcrl5 steel axle, lubricant transfer film could be formed on metal surface, thus direct contact between the surface of metal friction pair rings was reduced. their working life was elongated extremely ; there was mainly much graphite, a little ptff, moo3, feso4, cus and so on in lubricant transfer film
試驗結果表明：所選原料的尺寸、形狀及純度可滿足固體潤滑劑的性能要求；聚四氟乙烯樹脂熱分解溫度超過400 ，但在ptfe中加入無機填料會使復合材料吸水率提高，熔融溫度及分解溫度降低，且伴有氧化分解反應；碳纖維表面含有c = o及c - o - c等極性基團，有利於提高其與其它組分的相容性，提高層間剪切強度；均勻設計試驗方法能夠用較少的試驗次數找出配方與摩擦性能間的關系，擬合曲線基本能表示各配方的摩擦系數發展趨勢；配方中不加銅粉或不加石墨，其摩擦系數均較高，說明銅粉和石墨應該配合使用；當銅粉15份、石墨60份時，銅粉30份、石墨30 - 40份時，銅粉60 、石墨15 - 30份時，摩擦系數均具有較低值；純聚四氟乙烯樹脂在空氣冷卻時結晶度最大，磨損量也是三者中最大的；同時，固體潤滑劑試樣在空氣冷卻時的磨損量也是三者中最大的：不論是固體潤滑劑與45 #鋼軸配副或是固體潤滑劑鑲嵌入銅套后與gcr15鋼軸配副，在金屬表面均可形成潤滑轉移膜，從而減少金屬摩擦副表面間的直接接觸，大大延長其使用壽命;轉移膜中主要含有較多的石墨、少量聚四氟乙烯、 moo 。Buried oxide layer ( box ) - the layer that insulates between the two wafers
氧化埋層（ box ） -在兩個晶圓片間的絕緣層。Nano - mno2 whiskers were sucessfully synthesized by low heating solid redox reaction using potassium permanganate and manganese chloride, and offered one usful referenced method for synthesize whiskers
首次利用高錳酸鉀和氯化錳之間的低熱固相氧化還原反應成功地合成出了納米二氧化錳晶須，為合成同類物質提供了一種行之有效的參考方法。This edta route has several remarkable advantages in comparison with other method. because of the greater ability of edta anions to chelate metal cations, and forming very stable and soluble complexes, all of the starting materials are mixed at the molecular or atoms level in a solution, it is easy to control the composition and a high degree of homogeneity is achievable
傳統的合成方法是高溫固相反應，由於灼燒溫度高、灼燒時間長，形成硬團聚體，產物粒徑較大，一般為m級，需進行球磨粉碎以減少其粒徑，很難制得均相、均一粒度分佈的氧化物粉體，在研磨過程中容易引入雜質且晶形破壞使得發光亮度減小。Research of infrared spectrum and dsc curve indicate that there is no chemical bond between fe3o4 and pvdf. fe3o4 particles exist in the form of metal oxide particles. however, there is some force between fe3o4 and fluorine atom
紅外光譜和差示掃描量熱分析結果則表明， fe3o4與pvdf基膜間無化學鍵，是以純金屬氧化物晶粒存在於膜孔中和膜表面，但其與f原子間有一定的作用力。The parameters of impregnation are as follows : ph is about 3, the range of temperature is from 20 to 45, and the time is about 2 to 6 hours. after the necessary treatments, zirconia cloths had the optimal strength when the diameters of zirconia fibers were controlled in 4um to 7um, and the sizes of zirconia grains were in 50nm to 100nm. the affec - ting factors were discussed and the liner regression analysis of the cloths was made, from w hich they show that the diameters and grain sizes have the significant influences on zirconia cloths. the obtained zirconia cloths have been accepted for use in nickel - hydrogen batteries by practical use
研究結果表明：粘膠類纖維布最適合制備氧化鋯纖維布的前軀體；鋯液濃度以飽和溶液為宜；浸漬工藝參數為ph值3左右，溫度20 45 ，時間2 6小時；多餘鋯鹽的去除、浸鋯液后纖維布的整平處理及平燒施應力燒成有利於氧化鋯纖維布的柔軟及平整; 200 600燒成溫度段應緩慢燒成，控制氧化鋯纖維直徑在4 7 m ，氧化鋯晶粒尺寸50 100nm時氧化鋯纖維布的強度最好。Finally, some efforts were employed to eliminate the support al2o3, which is very difficult to remove after the crystallization of al2o3 during the synthesis process. it is proved that hydrothermal process is an effective method to remove al2o3
由於a12o :在碳管生長期間從非晶變為晶體，十分難去除，因而提純過程相對復雜，最終結果顯示水熱法對氧化鋁的去除是比較有效的，可作為進一步優化提純的基礎。The formation process of w - type ferrite underwent from oxide of metal, the m - type transition phase to final w - phase. when the heating rate was 5 / min, at 900 for 3 hrs and 1200 for 4 hrs, pure m - type and w - type ferrites were formed in air respectively. with heat treatment temperature increasing, crystal structure was more intact, the saturation magnetization increased and the coercive force decreased
熱處理過程表明， m型鐵氧體直接由金屬氧化物反應形成，未經歷尖晶石中間相； w型鐵氧體形成由金屬氧化物到m相過渡相最終向w相的轉變；當升溫速率為5 min ，溫度在900 ，保溫3小時和1200保溫4小時，就分別形成單相m相和w相鐵氧體；隨著熱處理溫度的升高和保溫時間的延長，衍射峰變尖銳，結晶更完整，空心微球的飽和磁化強度增大，矯頑力減小。Evaluating intergranular corrosion resistance of heat treatable aluminum alloys by immersion in sodium chloride hydrogen peroxide solution
將鋁合金浸入氯化鈉和過氧化氫溶液中進行熱處理時抗晶粒間腐蝕的評定( 2 ) the affecting factors such as components in precipitation process, the add - on, add on of precipitator, calination temperature and calination time were studied in the preparation process of ceo2 nanoparticles. the tg was used to analyze the processor, the xrd, sem and tem were used to characterize the size of crystal type of products. by a series of designed experiments the interaction between different factors and impacts on the preparation of ceo2 nanoparticles were probed, and the optimum preparation condition was gotten
（ 2 ）對納米二氧化鈰制備過程中可能的一些影響因素（反應組分的濃度，沉澱劑的加入量，焙燒溫度，焙燒時間等）進行了研究，並通過tg ? dta分析手段對前驅物進行熱重分析；用xrd 、 sem及tem等測試手段對產物的粒度和晶型進行分析；探索了各個因素對納米二氧化鈰制備的影響及各因素間的交互作用；確定了在該試驗條件下制備納米二氧化鈰比較優化的制備條件。A black opal worn near the heart on a necklace made of gold is said to ward off evil and protect travelers. it is regarded as an extremely lucky stone. it has reputed healing properties, especially the power to increase mental capacities such as creative imagination and other unused powers of the mind
貴蛋白石是由無數個極度的非晶質二氧化硅小圓球組成，小圓球的直徑都相同或相近，並能在三維空間作整的排列，這些整排列的小球像光柵一樣，當白光射在上面后即發生衍射，衍射成彩色的光譜。When opal is worn as a pendant on a gold necklace and surrounded with 10 or 12 small diamonds it is believed to have excellent money - drawing power. a black opal worn near the heart on a necklace made of gold is said to ward off evil and protect travelers. it is regarded as an extremely lucky stone
貴蛋白石是由無數個極度的非晶質二氧化硅小圓球組成，小圓球的直徑都相同或相近，並能在三維空間作整齊的排列，這些整齊排列的小球像光柵一樣，當白光射在上面后即發生衍射，衍射成彩色的光譜。The resulted films were densely packed uniform amorphous films with substantial overlap between adjacent si02 layers, and can serve the function as antireflection coatings. colloidal ti02 particles of 3 ~ 4nm in diameter were prepared using tetra - h - butyl titauate as precursor, and composite multilayer films of pss / tio2 were electrostatically self - assembled
二氧化硅膠體與聚合物pdda的自組裝多層復合薄膜為均勻、緻密的非晶態膜，復合薄膜內存在層間穿插的現象，薄膜表現出均質單層光學塗層的特性並具有增透作用。Results show that both the density and the chemical durability of glasses decrease with the increase of na2o content. on the other hand, the stability against crystallization of glasses increases gradually with the increase of na2o content. glasses containing 20 ~ 25mol % na2o have the strongest stability against crystallization. the glass forming liquid in the na2o - teo2 system is moderate fragile and the fragility of glass forming liquid increases with t
該系統玻璃的抗析晶能力和玻璃形成能力與試樣的成分有很大關系，隨著成分中氧化鈉含量的升高，玻璃的抗析晶能力和玻璃形成能力則逐漸升高，當氧化鈉含量在20一25mol %之間時，玻璃的抗析晶能力和玻璃形成能力最強。Peo can be completely intercalated into the interlayer of v2o5 xerogel in form of amorphous state at x = 0. 5, whereas partial peo can not be intercalated into v2os xerogel interlayer and exists outside of v2o5 xerogel interlayer in form of crystalline state at x = l, 2
當x為0 . 5時， peo的嵌入較完全，在層間以非晶態形式存在；當x = 1 、 2時，部分peo未能嵌入氧化物干凝膠層間而存在於其主體之外，以晶態形式存在。Peo can be completely intercalated into the interlayer of v2o5 - moo3 xerogel in form of amorphous state at x 1, whereas partial peo can not be intercalated into v2o5 - moo3 xerogel interlayer and exists outside of v2o5 - moo3 xerogel interlayer in form of crystalline state at x = 2
當x約為1時， peo的嵌入較完全，在層間以非晶態形式存在；當x = 2時，部分peo未能嵌入氧化物干凝膠層間而存在於其主體之外，以晶態形式存在。However the study of metal - oxide hetero - interface is relatively less because the properties of metals and oxides usually differ extremely from each other. contrary to metals, the oxides are usually very brittle, elastically stiffer, insulating and exhibit less thermal expansion and their crystal lattice constants are different from metals. moreover, the preparation of specimen of metal - oxide interface is very difficult, the observation of searching a suitable interface under the electron microscope is also a tedious work
然而，對金屬-氧化物界面結構的研究卻相對少一些，這主要是由於金屬與氧化物之間的性質相差非常大，與金屬相反，氧化物通常很脆、絕熱、熱膨脹系數小，晶格常數也不同於金屬，有的甚至相差很大，而且，制備金屬-氧化物界面比較困難，在電子顯微鏡下全面地觀察一個合適的界面也是一項令人乏味的工作。分享友人