杠桿結 的英文怎麼說

At present, it is difficult to accurately display the financial lever, capital cost and earnings before interest and tax with any capital structure theories, which limits the role playing in finical decision of enterprises

摘要目前的各種資本結構理論難以準確地顯示出財務杠桿、資本成本和企業息前稅前盈餘之間的聯系，使理論對企業融資決策的指導作用受到限制。

So we consider five financial indexes includes stock b / p, e / p, current stock size, current stock stru and financial levge by the international tradition, then descriptive statistical test method and cross section statistical test method proved that b / p and current stock size have marked effect on the securities yield besides coefficient b. in the third chapter, the article fut forward a risk factor model, estimates yield sequences of every risk factor by weight regression, and then estimates each risk factor coefficient of different stock by time sequence regression, at last we can reckon the portfolio risk o2p and yield rp which consists n stocks

結合國際慣例，文章考慮了股票的凈值市價比（ b p ） ，市盈率倒數（ e p ） ，流通規模（ size ） ，流通比例（ stru ）和財務杠桿（ levge ）等五個財務指標，應用描述性統計檢驗和橫截面統計檢驗等多種方法，結果表明，除系數以外，凈值市價比（ b p ）和流通規模（ size ）對證券收益率部有重要的影響。在論文的第三章，提出了一個基於多因素的風險因子模型，並用加權回歸和時間序列回歸等方法估計出了不同證券的各風險因子系數（類似於單指數模型中的系數） ，據此，即可衡量出一個包括n只股票的組合的風險_ p ~ 2和收益率r _ p 。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

Clinical observation of short - level micro - regulation, acupuncture and massage for sacroiliac disturbance in 46 cases

短杠桿微調結合針刺推拿治療骶髂關節紊亂46例

The characteristics of the third estate made itself accustomed to the form of the diffusive development of the suburbs, so it became the powerful lever of the suburbanization

美國生產力的發展使其經濟結構由以第二產業為主過渡到以第三產業為主，第三產業的特點使它適應郊區分散發展的形式，從而成為郊區化的有力杠桿。

Finally, the thesis introduces vanke real estate company for the demonstration research object, pointing out that the vanke ' s advantage of competition is the reasonable capital structure. to meet the future development, the thesis suggest that vanke ' s optimal capital structure decision be the debt increase moderation, bring into financing leverage, multi channel financing, furthermore, to increase the facility of the financing, it should be on the base of the stability of the capital structure

最後，文章以萬科房地產公司為實證研究對象，以資本結構的相關理論為基礎，指出萬科經濟合理的資本結構是萬科在激烈的市場競爭中的優勢，並從發展的角度，提出了萬科最佳資本結構的建設性決策意見：適度增加負債融資，發揮財務杠桿作用；採取多渠道融資方式，在保持資本結構相對穩定的基礎上增加應變的靈活性。

Then, this article proves that corporation share and debt can all possess the option characteristic by introducing the tool of theory of option. thus it can explain the financing structure of the company to the financial lever from the angle based on call option of company ' s value

然後，本文通過引入期權理論這一工具，闡明公司的權益和債務都可具備期權特性，從而把公司的融資結構和財務杠桿效應可以從基於公司價值的看漲期權的角度加以解釋。

In view of the current financial and economic situation in china, the paper proposes that because of the special exchange rate system, influence of dollar devaluation, and the loss of interest rate leverage, china ' s exchange rate policies and interest rate policies do not conflict but work in harmony

結合我國現階段的實踐利率杠桿失效、獨特的匯率形成機制，以及受到美元貶值的影響，指出我國匯率政策與利率政策並不相互沖突，而是表現為相互協調和吻合。

As the finance lease plays a very important role in ca ' s aircraft finance, the thesis addresses very detailed comments on its concept and distinguishing criteria set out by mof. furthermore, the thesis describes the principles and structures of some aircraft finance facilities once or currently ca widely utilize including japanese leveraged lease ( " jll " ), eximbank or ecgd supported lease and mortgage loan in rmb which classified as tax - oriented lease, assets - backed finance lease and direct borrowing from bank, respectively

本文首先回顧了國航飛機融資的歷史，對國航飛機融資中目前佔有重要地位的融資租賃的概念、判定依據以及國航使用最多的幾類飛機融資工具包括以日本杠桿租賃為代表的節稅租賃、出口信貸為代表的財務租賃以及人民幣抵押貸款等的原理、結構作了較為詳盡的論述。

The main mechanism is designed based on differential lever theory and flexure hinge, its magnification performance is simulated using finite element method ( fem ). the simulation result shows that the main mechanism owes good magnification performance

基於差動杠桿原理和柔性鉸鏈結合起來設計了液體中運動微機器人的主體機構，並利用有限元法對主體結構的放大性能進行了模擬，所研製的放大機構具有較好的放大效果。

Medical services price is the key economic lever to control the medical services gross and structure, put the relationships between hospitals and suffer in order and optimize the disposition of medical treatment resources

醫療服務收費是調控醫療服務總量和結構，理順醫患關系，優化醫療資源配置的一個重要經濟杠桿。

Brake lever tie rod

制動缸杠桿聯結桿

For financial leasing, besides the economical evaluation, also make the judgment from economical principle, safe principle, reliable principle and flexible principle. the third chapter demonstrates the advantages of aircraft leasing by analyzing the structure and participants of aircraft leasing in u. s and japan, as well as the different features in different countries. the last part of this chapter shows the revelatory conclusion to the aircraft leasing practice in china

從美國、日本杠桿租賃的交易結構及參與人獲得的好處透視租賃融資的優勢，同時指出，參與飛機租賃的公司多為實力雄厚的大型金融機構或專業型的飛機租賃公司，這些公司往往有能力通過全球資源的調配能力來支持其業務，其次，稅收等政策對飛機租賃業的興衰起到非常重要的作用。

First, domestic structural reforms. secondly, monitoring and surveillance of capital flows. thirdly, coping with the destabilising impact of hlis

第一項挑戰是本土的結構性改革，第二是監察資金流向，最後是應付高杠桿機構對市場穩定造成的影響。

Thirdly, based on correlation and multiple regression analysis, the thesis employs 165 listed companies in service industry, studies empirically inner influential factors of capital structure. it ' s concluded that leverage increases with rate of sales growth ; decreases with profitability, tobin ' q and non - debt tax shields ; and there is no significant correlation between firms " size, real tax, assets collateral value, ownership structure and leverage

對我國服務業165家上市公司2001 - 2002年末財務數據進行相關性和多元回歸分析，得出，企業杠桿和主營業務收入增長率顯著正相關；和托賓指數、盈利能力、非負債稅盾顯著負相關；和企業規模、實際稅率、資產擔保價值、股權結構沒有顯著影響。

However, the sample volumes in these studies are small, which leads to the instability sod unreliability of the empirical results, and studies are not adequate concerning the formation causes and mechanisms of leverage effect, weekday effect and herding effect

但是，在研究中也存在樣本容量小，容易導致實證結果不穩定、不可靠，對杠桿效應、周內效應、羊群效應形成原因和機理研究不足等問題。

Chapter three analyzes the several effects such as governance effect and financial lever effect which be produced by the capital structure

資本結構效應分為治理效應和財務杠桿效應，其中前者又分為負債效應和股權效應。

The results in this section suggest that the phenomena of thick tails, volatility clustering, leverage effects and so on, are still exist in china ' s stock markets

我們在此部分的實證結果表明，中國股市股指收益序列存在和發達市場一樣的諸如尖峰態分佈、波動聚集、杠桿效應等波動特徵。

In this paper, the functional relation is established among weighted average capital cost, earnings before interest and tax and due capital cost, and the best capital structure model of enterprises with relative unchangeable due capital cost is obtained

通過財務杠桿，建立了加權平均資本成本和企業息前稅前盈餘以及債務資本成本之間的函數關系，得出了企業債務資本成本相對不變時的最優資本結構模型。

Not only is the production - oriented vat detrimental to the development of foreign trade, the advance of technology, the optimization of industrial structures, the balance of regional economy, the specialization and collaboration of production, the imposition of taxes, the sustaining increase of state revenue etc., but it also disrupts the optimization of the enterprises " organization structures, weakens the function of the tax lever, breaks the tax credit " chain ", increases the difficulty in tax credit based on invoices and leads to discriminatory tax burden among industrial and commercial enterprises

生產型增值稅不利於對外貿易的發展，不利於技術的進步，不利於優化產業結構，不利於平衡區域經濟，不利於專業化、協作化生產，干擾企業組織結構的優化，不利於稅款的徵收，不利於國家財政的持續增長，弱化了稅收杠桿的作用，不利於外資的引進，導致扣稅「鏈條」中斷，增加發票扣稅的難度，導致工商企業間的稅負不平衡。